• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1997년도 7월 학술대회지
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• pp.228-229
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• 1997

1 Intonation is important. It cannot be ignored. To convince students of the importance of intonation, we can use sentences with two very different interpretations according to intonation. Example: "I thought it would rain" with a fallon "rain" means it did not rain, but with a fall on "thought" and a rise on "rain" it means that it did rain. 2 Although complex, intonation is structured. For both teacher and student, the big job of tackling intonation is made simpler by remembering that intonation can be analysed into systems and units. There are three main systems in English intonation: Tonality (division into phrases) Tonicity (selection of accented syllables) Tone (the choice of pitch movements) Examples: Tonality: My brother who lives in London is a doctor. Tonicity: Hello. How ARE you. Hello. How are YOU. Tone: Ways to say "Thank you" 3 In deciding what to teach, we must distinguish what is universal from what is specifically English. This is where contrastive studies of intonation are very valuable. Usually, for instance, division into phrases (tonality) works in broadly similar ways across languages. Some uses of pitch are also similar across languages - for example, very high pitch may signal excitement or urgency. 4 Although most people think that intonation is mainly about pitch (the tone system), actually accent placement (tonicity) is probably the single most important aspect of English intonation. This is because it is connected with information focus, and the effects on interpretation are very clear-cut. Example: They asked for coffee, so I made them coffee. (The second occurrence of "coffee" must not be accented). 5 Ear-training is the beginning of intonation training in the VeL approach. First, students learn to identify fall vs rise vs fall-rise. To begin with, single words are used, then phrases and sentences. When learning tones, the fIrst words used should have unstressed syllables after the stressed syllable (Saturday) to make the pitch movement clearer. 6 In production drills, the fIrst thing is to establish simple neutral patterns. There should be no drama or really special meanings. Simple drills can be used to teach important patterns: Example: A: Peter likes football B: Yes JOHN likes football TOO A: Mary rides a bike B: Yes JENny rides a bike TOO 7 The teacher must be systematic and let learners KNOW what they are learning. It is no good using new patterns and hoping that students will "pick them up" without noticing. 8 Visual feedback of fundamental frequency with a computer display can help students learn correct patterns. The teacher can use the display to demonstrate patterns, or students can practise by themselves, imitating recorded models.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.391-413
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• 2006

한국의 주요 고문헌 기관과 이들 기관이 소장한 고문헌이 디지털화 된 진도와 그 내용을 분석하였다. 이 고문헌을 이용하기 위한 연합조직을 검토하였다. 국가의 고문헌 디지털화를 위한 정책과 향후계획을 파악하였다. 고문헌의 디지털화를 위한 절차와 필요조건을 제안하였다. (1) 1980년대에 추진하기 시작한 국가도서관 대학도서관 문도서관 등의 도서관 관리 검색 이용 시스템의 디지털화는 이미 상당한 수준에 도달하였다. 고문헌의 소장량은 상당히 많고 내용적 가치도 높다. 일부 디지털화 된 자료는 이미 Internet을 통하여 제공되고 있다. 그러나 전반적으로 고문헌의 디지털화 된 수준은 아직도 궤도에 오르지 못한 상태로 분발이 요구된다. (2) 이미 제공되고 있는 디지털 고문헌의 Data Base는 목록정보 DB 목차와 해제정보 DB 전문정보 DB로 구분할 수 있으며, 국내외 자료를 포함하고 있다. 그 수량은 본문의 서술과 같다. (3) 디지털 고문헌의 유형은 고서 고문서 Micro 책판 등을 포함하고 있다 (4) 디지털 고문헌 DB의 입력 방법은 Text Image PDF 형태 등이다. (5) 고문헌의 연합조직을 구축하여 중복 투자를 피하고 봉사 효율을 높이고 있다. 고문헌의 이상적인 디지털화를 위하여 갖추어야 할 점을 제안하면 다음과 같다. (1) 우선 고문헌 디지털화 업무의 통정기구를 조직하여, 일정한 수준의 권한을 부여하고 종합적 계획을 수립한 후 추진하여야 한다. (2) 장단기 계획을 세워서 여러 디지털화 업무의 성격을 분석하고, 점진적으로 추진하여야 한다 (3) 고문헌 자료의 전문가를 양성하여 DB를 구축하고 관리하여야 한다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.116-134
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• 2003

The beauty industry of today tends to gradually develope as one of the important marketing strategies along with the total fashion sector. Hair color, being one of the factors of hair style, especially builds his or her own image and even becomes the nonverbal communication method which let others know him/herself. Therefore, women's needs and expectations of hair coloring are varied. To meet these need, it is urgent to figure out, most of all, the status of customers' awareness about hair coloring. Thus, in this study, research and analysis on hair coloring were made, focusing on the women utilizing 20 beauty shops in Changwon city. And the goal that this study set is to use as the study material for the hair coloring consulting in the beauty industry and the basic data for marketing in the industry job-sites. The conclusion by the three factors(age, job, monthly income) were as follows: 1. Dandyism was on the 1st order in the reason for coloring hair regardless of age, job, and monthly income. This seems to be speaking for the change of women's awareness of coloring hair. 2. The subject of making decision upon whether she was going to color her hair or not was herself regardless of age, job, and monthly income. Among the people belong to these three factors, brown was the color in overall preference. 3. More than half of those who belong to the three factors were not aware of the hair color, but their senses and interest in the color in vogue were high. 4. In terms of the hair coloring periodic time, many people had $2{\sim}3$months, but it was possible to know that they were interested in improving their images, considering the fact that most of the salaried people had their hair dyed within a month and the people in service job over a month. 5. The acquaintance around me had the strongest effect in collecting information from the people in those three factors and mass media was the next. The results of this study, in my opinion, would help the customers have beautiful and healthy hair and make images of their own by making the hair designers develope professional knowledges and skills on the hair coloring and improve the quality of beauty services.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2010

Purpose: In accordance with the increasing number of accidents caused by various reasons and recently developed fine diagnostic skills, the incidence of orbital blow-out fracture cases is increasing. As it causes complications, such as diplopia and enophthalmos, surgical reduction is commonly required. This article reports a retrospective series of 5 blow-out fracture cases that had unusual nerve injuries after reduction operations. We represents the clinical experiences about treatment process and follow-up. Methods: From January 2000 to August 2009, we treated total 705 blow-out fracture patients. Among them, there were 5 patients (0.71%) who suffered from postoperative neurologic complications. In all patients, the surgery was performed with open reduction with insertion of $Medpor^{(R)}$. Clinical symptoms and signs were a little different from each other. Results: In case 1, the diagnosis was oculomotor nerve palsy. The diagnosis of the case 2 was superior orbital fissure syndrome, case 3 was abducens nerve palsy, and case 4 was idiopathic supraorbital nerve injury. The last case 5 was diagnosed as optic neuropathy. Most of the causes were extended fracture, especially accompanied with medial and inferomedial orbital blow-out fracture. Extensive dissection and eyeball swelling, and over-retraction by assistants were also one of the causes. Immediately, we performed reexploration procedure to remove hematomas, decompress and check the incarceration. After that, we checked VEP (visual evoked potential), visual field test, electromyogram. With ophthalmologic test and followup CT, we can rule out the orbital apex syndrome. We gave $Salon^{(R)}$ (methylprednisolone, Hanlim pharmaceuticals) 500 mg twice a day for 3 days and let them bed rest. After that, we were tapering the high dose steroid with $Methylon^{(R)}$ (methylprednisolon 4 mg, Kunwha pharmaceuticals) 20 mg three times a day. Usually, it takes 1.2 months to recover from the nerve injury. Conclusion: According to the extent of nerve injury after the surgery of orbital blow-out fracture, the clinical symptoms were different. The most important point is to decide quickly whether the optic nerve injury occurred or not. Therefore, it is necess is to diagnose the nerve injury immediately, perform reexploration for decompression and use corticosteroid adequately. In other words, the early diagnosis and treatment is most important.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2016

Juels와 Sudan의 퍼지 볼트 기법은 기법이 갖는 오류 내성 때문에 많은 연구에 사용 되어오고 있다. 그러나 이들의 퍼지 볼트 기법은 그들의 논문에서 영화 애호가 문제를 예를 들었음에도 불구하고, 사람들이 일반적으로 갖는 선호도(preference)의 차이에 대한 고려가 존재하지 않는다. 한편, Nyang과 Lee는 안전하고 성능이 좋은 얼굴인증 시스템을 만들기 위해서, 얼굴 특징이 서로 다른 가중치를 갖도록 얼굴 특징과 퍼지 볼트(vault) 사이에 특별한 연관 구조를 갖는 얼굴 인증 시스템(이른바, 퍼지 얼굴 볼트)을 소개하였다. 그러나 그들의 기법은 일반적인 특징 추출 기법들이 클래스 내부/간 차이를 최적화하려는 특성이 있기 때문에 인증 실패율을 성공적으로 낮추지 못할 것으로 쉽게 예상할 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 퍼지 볼트의 유연성을 제공해주기 위하여 Nyang과 Lee의 퍼지 볼트기반의 얼굴 인증 시스템에서 가중치 아이디어를 다른 방식으로 구현한 버킷(bucket) 구조와 사용자 선호도와 시스템 구현 간 관계를 공식화하는 세 가지 분포 함수에 대해서 소개한다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 선호도 매치메이커(preference matchmaker) 기법을 제안하며, 영화 데이터베이스를 이용하여 이러한 매치메이커의 연산 성능을 확인해본다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.33-47
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• 1982

To modernize the conventional rice post production technology and reduce grain losses, a transition toward the wet-paddy threshing system has been strongly demanded. The head-feeding type thresher with pneumatic separation has been used dominantly for threshing dried-paddy, but some adverse effects in separation performance for threshing wet-paddy is encounterred. In order to solve the problems, the development of thresher with an additional oscillating sieve to the conventional pneumatic separation has been recommanded. This study was intended to evaluate the separating performance of thresher with oscillating sieve which was attached additionally to the conventional auto-thresher equipped with separation system of blower and suction fan. For different feed rates and rice varieties, wet-and dry-material were tested with threshers attached with and without oscillating sieve. Results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. When the feed rates were 480 and 640 kg/hr, there was no statistically significant difference in power reqirements between the threshers with and without an additional sieve device for both dry-and wet-threshing. However, when the feed rate was 960 kg/hr, power requirements of thresher without sieve were greater for wet-paddy threshing than the thresher with the additional sieve separator by about 20% points. 2. With additional oscillating sieve device, the ratios of total weights of whole grains including grains with branch let and damaged grains to the total output did not show statistical difference among the feed rates. However, with pneumatic separation the ratio was decreased as the level of feed rate increased. 3. The total amount of grains with branchlet (including broken panicle) increased with the moisture content. For both the wet-and dry-material threshing with the additional oscillating sieve, the percent of grains with branchlet to the total output decreased greatly as the feed rate increased. 4. The output of the damaged grains increased as moisture content decreased. Especially, for the dry-paddy threshing, the additional sieve separating device produced more damaged grains than the pneumatic separation at all feed rates. 5. Generally, for dry paddy threshing, the separating performance of the thresher with the additional sieve device was better at all feed rates, showing greater difference with increasing feed rates. 6. Separating losses were greater with the pneumatic than sieve separation for both the wet-and dry-threshing. 7. The overall comparison of separating performance of threshers tested with and without an additional sieve device showed that the former was more effective than the latter for the dry-material threshing. However, for the wet-paddy threshing, the separation performance with a sieve device was better than the pneumatic only when the feed rate was high.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2001

Purpose : This study, as the first year project of setting up a community based management system, was attempted for the cancer patients and their family to improve their quality of life; investigating and managing the cancer patients, educating volunteers and connecting the patients with the volunteers were performed. Method and result : The education of managing cancer patients for the volunteers was done once in lune for 2 days to the 80 volunteers. Questions about education effect, volunteer motivation and so on were made up. The survey showed, generally, education satisfaction level was high and a longer education and an intensive course were needed and was suggested that organizing a volunteer community be needed for the continuous further education and systematic management. As the result, after the public health center and volunteers deliberated, a volunteer community consisting of 4 teams, 28 members was organized, launched in Oct. and operated for the cancer patients and their family. For investigating and enrolling the patients, advertising on a local information paper, recommending of local doctors, publicizing by educating the heads of a subdivision of the city, the heads of a neighborhood association and the people in charge of the related local communities such as women's society, and surveying the community by volunteers were performed and the total, 41 patients were registered. Management of cancer patients was carried out by volunteers in a community and in a nursing school. A regional volunteers' community is composed of 23 members and they have worked 87 times, that is 3.8 times per capita on an average. The content of duties is attending the education (41.1%) the most. A volunteers' community of nursing students composed of 12 members have worked 135 times, that is 11.3 times per capita on an average. The content of duties - consulting with patients and home visiting (37.8 %) were the most and survey for investigating the cancer patients was the second. Conclusion : This study has the meaning that this is the guiding attempt in building a community based management system, and especially the achievement of this study is that a regional society organized a volunteer community for the cancer patients by itself and went into action for the cancer patients and their family. Furthermore, to activate this volunteering, it is necessary to keep managing volunteers and running continuing education or the intensive course of the volunteers. Indeed we should let the patients have good impression on this program through publicity and education for the residents to keep track of more cancer patients. For that, systematic and powerful cooperation of a self-administrative organization is required.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권40호
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• pp.243-260
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• 2015

안동 지역에서의 '원이엄마'를 모티브로 제작된 특수 영상 콘텐츠 애니메이션은 전통소재의 지역 콘텐츠의 발굴과 지적 재산권의 활용에 주요한 사례 연구로서의 가치를 가진다. 한국적 콘텐츠 개발의 과정에서의 사실 요소(FACTOR)와 픽션(FICTION)의 결합은 디자인 개발과 콘텐츠 연구에 중요한 부분으로서 작품 개발에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것이며, 전통 문화 캐릭터 개발 과정에서의 창의성 및 독창성과 함께 프리 프로덕션(Pre-Production)의 과정에서의 원화 기획의 핵심 역할이다. 한국적 콘텐츠는, 개발과정에서 한국적 캐릭터 개발과 함께 지속적으로 심도 있게 다루어 할 연구 과제이다. 여기에 각 캐릭터 디자인 구상과 기획에서의 과정의 고찰이 필요하며, 본 연구의 방향은 콘텐츠의 각 캐릭터 중 주요 주인공 캐릭터 개발의 과정을 통해 전통 문화 캐릭터가 개발되는 과정에 대한 이해와 사항들에 대한 디자인 결과물 연구이다. 의상과 고증을 통한 객관적 캐릭터 개발과정을 제시하여 전통문화 캐릭터 개발에 대한 이해과 방향을 제시하였다. 본론과 결론으로서는 전통적 문양 등의 개발 전체의 기획이 주인공 캐릭터에 어떤 형태로 적용되는지에 대한 과정과 도출, 그리고 세대 연령별에 따른 주인공 각 캐릭터에 대한 디자인이 드로잉 되었고, 안동시와 전통 캐릭터가 전통콘텐츠 창출에 어떤 의미를 가지는 것인지를 제시하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2006

오존으로 상수처리시 생성되는 소독부산물로써 독성이 강한 브롬산염을 철, 구리, 은 첨착활성탄을 이용하여 제거할 목적으로 회분식과 연속식으로 실험하였다. 활성탄 주입량별 브롬산염 제거 실험에서 각각의 활성탄을 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 g씩 주입하여 240분 반응시킨 결과 브롬산염의 제거량은 주입량에 비례하였다. 그리고 산 처리한 활성탄을 사용할 때에는 브롬산염 제거 효율이 약 20%정도 증대되었다. 철, 구리, 은 첨착활성탄은 일반 활성탄보다 약 $30{\sim}50%$ 정도 제거 효율이 좋았으며 특히 철 첨착활성탄은 브롬산염을 약 92%제거하였다. 일반 활성탄을 이용하여 브롬산염을 제거하였을 경우 약 $0.02{\sim}0.45mg\;{BrO_3}^-/g$ AC이였지만 철, 구리, 은 첨착활성탄은 약 $0.9{\sim}1.5mg\;{BrO_3}^-/g$이었다. 연속식 칼럼 반응에서 브롬산염 유입량을 $15.6{\sim}46.8mL/min$으로 변화시켜 EBCT를 1, 2, 3 분으로 실험한 결과 96, 180, 252 시간에서 파과 현상을 보였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2000

이 연구는 안경원이 제공하는 여러 가지 서비스에 대한 만족상태와 이에 관련된 변수를 파악하여 안경 사용자에게 보다 나은 양질의 서비스를 제공하게 할 목적으로 시행되었다. 연구 대상자는 서울시에 소재한 안경원 다섯 곳을 선택하여 이들 안경원에 내원하는 안경사용가들을 대상으로 하였으며 자료는 1999 10. 1부터 1999. 12. 1까지 2개월간에 구조화된 자기 기입식 설문지를 이용하여 수집하였다. 회수된 설문지는 250부이였으나 답변이 불확실한 28부를 제외하고 222부만을 분석하였다. 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상자의 성별 분포는 남자 54.1%, 여자 45.9%였으며, 연령군 별로는 20~29세가 47.7%로 가장 많았고, 학력은 대졸이상이 35.1%, 고졸 32.4%였다. 2. 안경원에 대한 안경사용자의 만족에 영향을 미치는 요인은 직원항목과 진열된 안경테 항목이었다. 3. 안경원에 대한 안경사용자가 재 이용할 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인은 시설상태 항목, 의견반영 항목 그리고 직원 서비스 항목이었다. 4. 안경원을 방문한 안경사용자가 자기가 방문한 안경원을 다른 제 3 자에게 추천할 의사에 영향을 미치는 요인은 직원 항목, 진열된 안경테 항목, 시설상태 항목 그리고 가격 항목이었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 볼 때, 안경원을 이용하는 안경사용자의 만족을 높이기 위해서는 무엇보다 안경원의 직원(안경사)이 안경에 관련된 풍부한 지식을 갖추고 안경사용자에게 친절히 설명하여 신뢰감을 주어야 할 것으로 생각되었다.