• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 2007

The solvent extracts of Sargassum muticum, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were prepared for use as natural preservatives. The S. muticum extract with 80% ethanol was sequentially fractionated with n.hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol. In order to effectively screen for natural preservatives agents, we first investigated the antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging capacity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the S. muticum extracts. Through the screening system, we found that dichloromethane and ethylacetate fraction had high antioxidant activity with increments of the extract concentration. The antimicrobial activities and cell growth inhibition were investigated for each strain with the different concentrations of S. muticum extracts. Antimicrobial activities were shown in ethanol, dichloromethane, and n.hexane fractions of S. muticum. However, butanol, ethylacetate and water fractions showed weak antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the five fractions, dichloromethane fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activities against microorganisms tested, such as Bacillus sublitis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The polyphenolic compounds from ethanol, n.hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fractions were 63.96 mg/g, 8.49 mg/g, 28.11 mg/g, 172.64 mg/g, 114.56 mg/g, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. The dichloromethane fraction could be suitable for development as a food preservative.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2015

133 Species of medicinal plants were used for the development of natural agrichemicals with anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, a pathogen of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon. The MeOH-extracts of these medicinal plants were examined for anti-microbial activity by bioassay. The MeOH-extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich had the strongest antibacterial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. To identify anti-microbial compounds from Citrus unshiu Markovich, solvent-fractionation was used. The fraction of hexane, which showing the highest value of anti-microbial activity, was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to mass database of Wiley library. As a result, d-Limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, terpineol, palmitic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, Linolenic acid, and stigmasterol were identified. Among them, d-Limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, and terpineol confirmed to be shown the anti-microbial activity by bioassay. Especially, d-Limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene found to have strong activity. In conclusion, we thought d-limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene from Citrus unshiu Markovich. Latin, had anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli and could be candidates for the control agents for the control of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2010

The crude ethanol extracts and their solvent-partitioned fractions derived from the leaf and twig of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. were investigated for their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging efficacy. The results showed that the butanol-soluble fraction ($SC_{50}\;=\;110.30\;{\mu}g/mL$) exhibited higher anti-oxidant activity than the crude ethanol extract ($SC_{50}\;=\;117.03\;{\mu}g/mL$) in the DPPH assay model. Then, the effects of the same extract samples on the production of nitric oxide were examined in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Although the hexane and methylene chloride-soluble fraction showed a weak anti-oxidant activity, they exhibited potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50 % at a concentration of $10\;{\mu}g/mL$. The hexane-soluble fraction also showed the inhibitory effect on mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such an TNF-$\alpha$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7. These results suggest that the solvent extracts of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. could be used as an anti-irritation ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

Skin basement membrane (BM) is a specialized structure that binds dermis and epidermis of the skin and plays an important role in maintaining skin structure. Structural change and destruction of BM is reported to appear due to UV exposure and aging, which may contribute to skin aging including wrinkle formation and a decrease in elasticity of the skin. One of the key components of the BM is laminin-332 (LN-332), and is a major contributor to epidermal-dermal attachment. In this study, we elucidated the effects of Meladrium firmum hexane fraction (MFHF) on LN-332 expression in HaCaT, a human keratinocyte cell line. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoblot analysis revealed that MFHF induced upregulation of LN-332 gene and protein expression. Next, cells were treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) prior to MFHF treatment to analyze the signaling pathway contributing to LN-332 expression. The mRNA and protein levels of LN-332 expression were suppressed completely by pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor. Furthermore, MFHF also increased the mRNA level of collagen type VII and integrin ${\alpha}6$ of skin BM component. These results collectively suggest that MFHF may have potential as an effective agent to stimulate the synthesis of BM components, and could be used to improve phenomenon of skin aging ascribed to the structural and functional impairments of BM in aged human skin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition and the antiproliferative effect of extracts and fractions from Euphorbia supina. With regards the fatty acid composition, the percentages of 18:3n-3 in acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts were 53.4 and 42.1%, respectively. Among the fractions, an 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH) fraction contained the highest percentage of 18:3n-3. Treatments with crude extracts and fractions significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 and AGS human cancer cell lines (p<0.05). The A+M extract showed a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of both cancer cells compared to MeOH extract. Among the fractions, the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions exerted a greater inhibitory effect on the proliferation of both types of cancer cells. Our results suggest that 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions exert potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1999

A new effective and economic method was developed, removing interferences such as chlorophyll and lipid from leaves with small amounts of reagents and solvents in order to analyse PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons). The extract from a soxhlet containing $4{\sim}5g$ of leaves and 100ml of dichlormethane and refluxed for 20 hrs was concentrated and eluted with 60ml of a hexane:dichloromethane (1:1) mixture through a column of 9mm wide inner diameter and 130mm long, packed from the bottom with 2.5g of $Al_2O_3$, 1.5g of $SiO_2$and 2g of anhydrous $Na_2SO_4$. The eluent was concentrated and loaded on a GPC column of 20mm wide inner diameter and 280mm long, packed with 12g of Bio-beads. The column was washed with 37ml of the hexane:dichloromethane(1:1) mixture. Another 43ml of the mixture was eluted as a PAH fraction and collected. This eluent was concentrated under gentle nitrogen to $50{\mu}l$ and analysed using GC-MS. The recoveries, obtained by comparing with the amounts of the internal standards of deuterated PAHs were $43.3{\sim}107.5%$(RSD $2.2{\sim}9.5%$).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.584-589
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• 1995

To select new useful plants with antibacterial activity, ninety five sample of eighty different species of wild plants were collected, and extracted with methanol. Antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts was tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The methanol extracts from Artemisia capillaris, Hemistepta lyrata, Youngia japonica, Prunella vulgaris, Lamium amplexicaule and Juniperus chinensis was effective against all bacterial strains tested, and eight methanol extracts including Ixeris dentata, Gnaphalium affine, Chelidonium majus and Spiraea prunifolia exhibited the antibacterial activity against at least 3 bacterial strains. Methanol extracts from leaf of Syringa vulgaris, Drava nemorosa and clove of Erythronium japonicum showed a selective antibacterial activity against two gram negative bacteria, V. parahaemolyticus, and B. subtilis, respectively. With investigations on antibacterial activity against a certain bacterial strains tested, metahnol extracts from clove of Erythronium japonicum, Spiraea prunifolia, leaf and twig of Camelia japonica, and Drava nemorosa showed strongest activities against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Nine methanol extracts based on the results were successively fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water portions, which were examined antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and V. parahaemolyticus. Among the all fractions tested, chloroform fractions of Hemistepta lyrata showed strongest antibacterial activity against both B. subtilis (17mm) and V. parahaemolyticus (29 mm). Chloroform fractions of Youngia japonica, n-hexane fractions of Artemisia capillaris, Iexeris dentata and Prunella vulgaris, and ethyl acetate fraction of leaf and twig of Camelia japonica showed relatively a strong antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Juniperus chinensis and Equisetum arvense was distributed to all fractions except for water fraction.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2020

In the present study, we have refined gomisin N, which represents activity in the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), and have identified optimal extraction conditions for obtaining extracts with high content of gomisin N. The activity of the extracts and fractions was evaluated, and the results indicated approximately 29% proliferation activity in the group treated with 1 ㎍/mL of n-hexane fraction. Column chromatography was used to assess the active ingredient in the n-hexane fraction, and two compounds, namely gomisin N(1) and schisandrin(2), were isolated and identified. When the HFDPCs proliferation activity was tested for the isolated compounds, gomisin N exhibited ≥ 20% proliferation activity. Thus, via response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum extraction conditions to obtain the maximum level of gomisin N from the fruit of S. chinensis were determined, where ethanol proportion, extraction time, and extraction temperature were used as the independent variables. The results revealed coefficient of determination ≥ 0.95 and p-value ≤ 0.05, which confirmed the fit of the model. The optimum extraction conditions to achieve the maximum content of gomisin N were as follows: ethanol proportion 83.8%, extraction temperature 80 ℃, and extraction time 8.7 h. The content of gomisin N using these conditions was predicted as 378,300 ppm, and a mean value close to the predicted value (376,884 ppm) was obtained while validating the aforementioned conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2006

Rice plant extracts of brown planthopper (BPH) resistant rice varieties, Jangseongbyeo (JSB) and Hwacheongbyeo (HCB) at different growth stages (seedling, tillering, heading and ripening) were sequentially fractioned using hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, and distilled water. The extracts were applied to BPH susceptible rice variety, Dongjjnbyeo (DJB), to investigate the insecticidal and repellent effects against BPH. BPH insecticidal effects were not clearly observed with almost all of the extract fractions obtained from both JSB and HCB varieties for 12 h, whereas the ethyl ether and hexane extract fractions showed about 10 to 30% of BPH mortality in 24 to 48 h of application periods. An effective BPH repellent activity was found with the applications of ethyl ether extract fractions obtained from JSB variety. The extract fractions obtained from HCB variety did not show any different repellence among the various fractions. The BPH repellent effects of the extract fractions obtained at different growth stages of either JSB or HCB varieties did not show any correlations. The effect of ethyl ether fraction on BPH repellent was continually increased by 30 h after treatment and thereafter decreased. In addition, the first sub-fraction separated by a flash column chromatography eluted with chloroform:methanol (9:1, v/v) from the BPH effective ethyl ether faction in JSB variety might be meaningful to repel BPH from BPH susceptible target rice plants. The results indicated that the ethyl ether fraction obtained from JSB was higher in repellent activity than in insecticidal activity, and suggesting that there might be specific substance(s) in the first sub-fraction (sF1) of the ethyl ether fraction in JSB that could provide repellent activity against BPH.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.84-93
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• 2005

The antibacterial activities of methanol extract and systematic solvent fractions( -hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol) from Korean common type figs at different ripening stages were tested by the broth dilution method against 8 representative food-poisoning bacteria- : L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, E. coli, Y. enterocolitica, V. parahaemolyticus, and S. typhimurium. The methanol extracts of unripened I and II showed stronger activity than that of the ripened figs especially against L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, E. coli O157:H7, Y. parahaemolyticus and S. typhimurium in 10 mg/mL. The systematic solvent fractions showed stronger antibacterial activities than the methanol extract, even al the lower concentrations. The hexane fraction of ripened figs showed higher growth inhibition than those of unripened I and II against L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Y. enterocolitica and V. parahaemolyticus. The chloroform fraction showed strong antibacterial activity in all ripening stages against E. coli O157:H7 and V. parahaemolyticus. The butanol fraction showed better inhibition activity in unripened I and II than in the ripened figs. The hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibition activity of more than $75\%$ against E. coli O157:H7, V. parahaemolyticus in 0.5 mg/mL. Each fraction showed a little different antibacterial activity according to the ripening stages of the fruits and the tested strains. Especially, figs in the unripened II stage revealed superior activity relatively and the hexane and chloroform fractions revealed the strongest activity, followed by the butanol fraction, while the ethylacetate and water fractions hardly showed any activity.