• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 1997

NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (QR) is one of the protective phase II enzymes against toxicity that accomplishes the capacity of detoxification by modulating the effects of mutagens and carcinogens. The detoxification mechanism is that quinone reductase promotes the 2-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones which are less reactive. This study is to search new inducers of quinone reductase from natural products, which can be used as cancer chemopreventive agents. Plant extracts were evaluated by using quinone reductase generating system With Hepa 1c1c7 murine hepatoma cell lines for enzyme inducing properties and crystal violet staining method for the measurement of cytotoxicity provoked. We have tested approximately 106 kinds of natural products after partition into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous layers from 100% methanol extracts of natural products. The ethyl acetate fractions of Vitex rotundifolia $(fruits,\;2FC:\;12.7\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Cnidium officinale $(aerial\;parts,\;2FC:\;10.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Chrysanthemum sinese $(flowers,\;2FC:\;17.4{\mu}g/ml)$ and the hexane fractions of Angelica gigas $(roots,\;2FC:\;13.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Smilax china $(roots,\;2FC:\;l1.9\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Sophora flavescens $(roots,\;2FC:\;16.3\;{\mu}g/ml)$ revealed the significant induction of quinone reductase in a murine hepatic Hepa 1c1c7 cell culture system.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권10호
• /
• pp.1271-1278
• /
• 2007

미더덕과 오만둥이는 독특한 향과 맛이 있는 식품으로 널리 알려져 있으며 우리나라 전역에서 자생하나 경상남도 마산에서 가장 많이 생산되고 있는 해양생물이다. 한편, 과량의 에탄올 섭취는 microsomal ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS)에 의한 에탄을 산화를 증가시켜 superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, 1-hydroxyethyl radical과 같은 활성산소종을 생성하여 산화적 스트레스 상태를 유발하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 미더덕과 오만둥이의 보충투여가 과량의 에탄을 투여로 인해 유도되는 간기능 관련 지표와 간세포 및 백혈구 DNA손상정도에 미치는 영향을 보고자 SD계 수컷 쥐를 세 군으로 나누어 6주간 25% 에탄을 용액을 자유로이 섭취하게 하면서 동결 건조하여 분말화한 미더덕과 오만둥이를 식이의 3%(w/w) 수준으로 보충투여하였다. 6주간의 미더덕과 오만둥이 투여는 체중증가 량, 식이 및 에탄을 섭취량, 간을 비롯한 각종 장기무게에는 아무런 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 미더덕과 오만둥이 보충투여는 총 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 혈장 지질 수준에는 유의적인 영향이 없었지만, 혈장 ALT, ALP, LDH 활성 등 간기능 관련 지표들을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 미더덕과 오만둥이는 과량의 에탄을 섭취로 유도된 흰쥐의 백혈구, 간세포의 DNA손상을 유의적으로 감소시킨 것으로 나타났으며, 간세포 DNA 손상도는 혈장 ALP와 LDH 활성과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보여주었다. 결론적으로 미더덕과 오만둥이 분말의 보충투여는 알코올 섭취로 인해 유도된 간조직 손상에 대한 보호작용이 있는 것으로 사료된다.$ 수준은 GTP 20%를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 유의적으로(p<0.05) 감소하였다 간의 TG와 TBARS 수준은 GTP 20%를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 GTP의 첨가가 간에서의 GSH함량 및 항산화 효소계의 활성을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. GTP를 첨가한 식이를 섭취한 실험군의 1일 변중의 총 지방 및 TG 배설량은 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나 OVX-C군에 비해 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며 총 콜레스테롤 배설량은 OVX-C군에 비해 높은 수준이었다. 난소 절제 흰쥐에서 5% GTP를 제공받은 군에 비해 20% GTP를 첨가한 식이를 제공받은 군에서 혈액과 간에서의 지질농도 감소와 항산화 효소의 활성이 높은 수준을 보여 GTP의 첨가량이 높을수록 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 난소절제 흰쥐에서 GTP 첨가가 변의 총지질과 TG및 콜레스테롤 배설을 증가시켜 혈청과 간의 총 지질 농도와 TG및 총콜레스테롤 농도를 감소시키는 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 보이며 GTP의 섭취가 체내 총 지질 농도를 감소시켜 항 동맥경화 작용을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 녹차가공품의 폐경기 고지혈증 개선을 위한 기능성식품으로의 가능성을 보여 준다고 할 수 있다.용적중 등 품질 평가 기준에서 차이가 없었다.50 에서는 43% 발효주에는 0.95 cm, 45% 고은 발효주에는 0.95 cm의 항균성을 나타냈으며 관능평가에서도 가장 높게 났다. 관능평가에서는 45% 고온 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 항산화성 실험에 나타난 저온 45%의 갈색도의 측정과는 항산화성에서는 좀 다른 결과를 나타낸다. 그러나 항균성이 가장

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.197-207
• /
• 2006

Cajanus indicus is a herb with medicinal properties and is traditionally used to treat various forms of liver disorders. Present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 43 kD protein isolated from the leaves of this herb against chloroform induced hepatotoxicity. Male albino mice were intraperitoneally treated with 2mg/kg body weight of the protein for 5 days followed by oral application of chloroform (0.75ml/kg body weight) for 2 days. Different biochemical parameters related to physiology and pathophysiology of liver, such as, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in the murine sera under various experimental conditions. Direct antioxidant role of the protein was also determined from its reaction with Diphenyl picryl hydraxyl radical, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. To find out the mode of action of this protein against chloroform induced liver damage, levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase were measured from liver homogenates. Peroxidation of membrane lipids both in vivo and in vitro were also measured as malonaldialdehyde. Finally, histopathological analyses were done from liver sections of control, toxin treated and protein pre- and post-treated (along with the toxin) mice. Levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase, which showed an elevation in chloroform induced hepatic damage, were brought down near to the normal levels with the protein pretreatment. On the contrary, the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase that had gone down in mice orally fed with chloroform were significantly elevated in protein pretreated ones. Besides, chloroform induced lipid peroxidation was effectively reduced by protein treatment both in vivo and in vitro. In cell free system the protein effectively quenched diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical and superoxide radical, though it could not catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Post treatment with the protein for 3 days after 2 days of chloroform administration showed similar results. Histopathological studies indicated that chloroform induced extensive tissue damage was less severe in the mice livers treated with the 43 kD protein prior and post to the toxin administration. Results from all these data suggest that the protein possesses both preventive and curative role against chloroform induced hepatotoxicity and probably acts by an anti-oxidative defense mechanism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.334-351
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.805-811
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 에탄올로 유도한 알코올성 지방간 동물모델에서 굴 열수 추출물의 알코올성 간 손상 개선 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 6주령의 SD rat(male)을 총 6개 군으로 분리하였으며, 양성대조군으로 헛개나무 열매 추출물(500 mg/kg b.w.)을 처리하였다. 6주 동안 하루 간격으로 CGW를 50, 200, 800 mg/kg b.w. 농도로 경구 투여하였으며, control군을 제외한 나머지군은 40% ethanol 5 g/kg b.w.를 6주간 투여하였다. 43일째 실험동물을 희생시켜 혈액 분석 및 간 조직의 항산화 효과 분석을 통해 에탄올로 유도한 동물모델에서 굴 열수 추출물의 알코올성 간 손상 회복 효과를 확인한 결과, 에탄올에 의해 증가한 ALT와 ${\gamma}-GT$의 수준이 CGW를 투여함으로써 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 항산화효소 활성이 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 에탄올에 의해 손상된 간 조직의 손상 정도를 평가하기 위해 수행한 조직병리학적 검사에서는 에탄올의 투여로 증가한 지방변성 비율 및 간세포 수와 같은 인자들이 굴 열수 추출물의 투여로 유의적으로 회복된 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 에탄올에 의해 증가한 CYP2E1의 발현이 굴 열수 추출물의 투여로 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 연구 결과들로 보았을 때 본 실험에서 굴 추출물의 다당류 및 폴리페놀의 항산화 작용으로 알코올로 유도된 간 손상을 억제할 수 있음을 예상할 수도 있지만, 이후 추가적인 연구로 다른 활성성분의 규명과 관련 활성 기작을 탐구하고자 한다. 본 연구진은 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 굴 열수 추출물이 알코올성 지방간 동물모델에서 항산화 방어시스템의 강화를 통해 간 손상을 회복시킴을 확인할 수 있었고, 이러한 연구 성과들로 굴 추출물이 알코올성 간 손상 개선에 있어 효과적인 대안으로서 더욱 더 많은 분야에서 연구되기를 바라는 바이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.366-372
• /
• 2013

The application of polyphenols has attracted great interest in the field of functional foods and nutraceuticals due to their potential health benefits in humans. However, the effectiveness of polyphenols depends on their bioactivity and bioavailability. In the present study, the bioactive component from green tea extract (GTE) was administrated orally (50 mg/kg body weight/day) as free or in a microencapsulated form with maltodextrin in rats fed a high fructose diet. High fructose diet induced features of metabolic syndrome including hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, increased serum total cholesterol, and retroperitoneal obesity. In addition, myocardial fibrosis was increased. In rats receiving high fructose diet, the lowering of blood triglycerides, total cholesterol, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and uric acid, as well as the reduction in final body weight and retroperitoneal fat weight associated with the administration of GTE, led to a reversal of the features of metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). In particular, the administration of microencapsulated GTE decreased myocardial fibrosis and increased liver catalase activity consistent with a further alleviation of serum NEFA, and hyperuricemia compared to administration of GTE. Taken together, our results suggest that microencapsulation of the bioactive components of GTE might have a protective effect on cardiovasucular system by attenuating the adverse features of myocardial fibrosis, decreasing uric acid levels and increasing hepatic catalase activity effectively by protecting their bioactivities.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.155-161
• /
• 2008

Carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ liver injury depends on a toxic agent that has to be metabolized by the liver NAPDH-cytochrome P450 enzyme system to a highly reactive intermediate. Although several isoforms of cytochrome P450 may metabolize $CC1_4$, attention has been focused largely on the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), which is ethanol-inducible. Alternations in the activity of CYP2E1 affect the susceptibility to hepatic injury from $CC1_4$. In this study, the liver protective effect of the hot water extracts of Scutellaria radix (SR) was investigated. The SR exhibited a hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4-induced$ liver damage in Chang liver cells. The expression of CYP2E1, measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, was significantly decreased by SR treatment in Chang cells. Based on these findings, it is suggested that hepatoprotective effect of SR possibly related to downregulation of CYP2E1 expression.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Cadmium is a toxic metal that is an occupational and environmental concern especially because of its human carcinogenicity; it induces serious adverse effects in various organs and tissues. Even low levels of exposure to cadmium could be harmful owing to its extremely long half-life in the body. Cadmium intoxication may be prevented by the consumption of dietary components that potentially reduce its accumulation in the body. Dietary chitosan is a polysaccharide derived from animal sources; it has been known for its ability to bind to divalent cations including cadmium, in addition to other beneficial effects including hypocholesterolemic and anticancer effects. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of dietary chitosan in reducing cadmium accumulation using an in vivo system. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cadmium was administered orally at 2 mg (three times per week) to three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats: control, low-dose, and high-dose (0, 3, and 5%, respectively) chitosan diet groups for eight weeks. Cadmium accumulation, as well as tissue functional and histological changes, was determined. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, rats fed the chitosan diet showed significantly lower levels of cadmium in blood and tissues including the kidneys, liver, and femur. Biochemical analysis of liver function including the determination of aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels showed that dietary chitosan reduced hepatic tissue damage caused by cadmium intoxication and prevented the associated bone disorder. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that dietary chitosan has the potential to reduce cadmium accumulation in the body as well as protect liver function and bone health against cadmium intoxication.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.278-290
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hangover relieving effect of HO-series. HO-S1 is an herbal mixture, which consists of extracts from Flower of Pueraria lobata Ohwi, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linné, Fruit of Lycium chinense Miller, Poria cocos Wolf, Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Seeman, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Atractylodes lancea De Candlle and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. HO-S2 is a candidate that has been performed to ultra filtration based on HO-S1. HO-S3 is a mixture of amino acids and vitamins based on HO-S2. HO-01 is the final beverage base produced based on HO-S3. The antioxidant activity of HO-series was similar to that of vitamin C or trolox. The production of t-BHP induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) was significantly blocked in the presence of HO-series. In vivo study, AUC of alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations in HO-S2 and HO-S3 treated groups significantly decreased. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity were significantly higher in HO-S2 and HO-S3 treated groups. And 2E1 activity and glutathione were significantly elevated, while the malondialdehyde level was not significantly in liver tissue. After alcohol exposure, the sensitivity scores of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentration and hangover symptoms were significantly decreased in the HO-01 intake group compared with the non-intake group. ALDH activity was significantly increased in the HO-01 intake group. HO-series have antioxidant activity and a protective effect from ROS. HO-S2, HO-S3 and HO-01 are potentially highly beneficial in relieving hangover, as it scavenges reactive free radicals and boosts the endogenous antioxidant system.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.16.1-16.7
• /
• 2021

Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells in body which leads to death. These cells are born due to imbalance in cell proliferation mechanism. In 2018, WHO released new statistics on cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide i.e., GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates for 28 types of cancer in which more prevalence of cervix and breast cancer. According to survey, in India about 7.8 million cancer deaths and 11.5 million new cases arise in 2018, which will increase to 19.3 million new cases per year by 2025. Though breast cancer as such is not explained anywhere in Ayurvedic compendia, correlations can be done with the Stana Arbuda. Ayurveda, the ancient system of medicine came into existence 1000's of years ago with an objective of maintaining the health of people and treating diseases. Many herbs used in Ayurveda have been screened for activity against cancer and in-vitro and in-vivo studies have given promising leads. The plant, called as "Mother of Medicine", Haritaki has been extensively studied for its various ailments because of its extraordinary healing potency. Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz.), Family: Combretaceae have a great therapeutic value and is widely distributed in India. Dried fruit of Terminalia chebula contains high quantities phenolic compounds consist of ellagic acid, gallic acid and chebulic acid. The fruit extract of T. chebula is having different biological properties like anticancer, antioxidant, hepatic and renal protective activities etc. In this study, we focus on the use of CO₂ extract of Terminalia chebula, on the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. All tests proved that CO₂ extract of Terminalia chebula containing active chemical component, therefore our experiment showed the positive results for CO₂ extract of Terminalia chebula against breast cancer cell line cancer MDA-MB-231. The MTT assay results were used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of the extract. The percentage of cell growth and cell viability were calculated from tabulated result values of MTT assay. Cell viability MTT assay also showed significant growth inhibition, at the same time statistical analysis of MTT assay also proved significant results.