• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. YHB216 is a new rHu-EPO developed by Yuhan Research Institute. In this study, we investigated the single dose and 4-week repeated dose toxicity of YHB216 in Beagle dogs. In the single dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously at single dose levels of 0 and 25,000 IU/kg to dogs (2 dogs/sex/group). There were no treament-related changes in survivals, clinical signs, body weight gain, hematological values, blood chemical values, and necropsy finding during experimental period. In the repeated dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously to dogs for 4 weeks at the dose levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2,500IU／kg (3 dogs/sex／group). There were no toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis and blood chemistry. There were increased values of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all treated groups. Spleen revealed increased weight and extramedullary hematopoiesis at 500 IU/kg or more. These changes are all considered to be Pharmacology-related effects and were recovered after 4-week recovery period. From these results, it is concluded that LD50 value was above 25,000 IU/kg in the single dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 IU/kg day in the repeated dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract in ICR mice. Methods : 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts were orally administered to 20 male and 20 female ICR mice. After single oral administration of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract to ICR mice, we observed number of the death, clinical signs, changes of body weights for 14 days. After 14 day of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract administration, all mice were sacrificed and major organs were observed. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, necropsy findings and hematological values in all treated groups(1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ value of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts may be over 5000 mg/kg and it may have no side toxic effect to ICR mice.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2016

The detailed study of acute and sub-acute toxicity of the complex polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP 20 kDa)-wrapped fullerene $C_{60}$ after intraperitoneal (ip) administration was carried out on adult male Wistar rats. The $LD_{50}$ value of $C_{60}/PVP$ complex was found to be 7, 8 g/kg. In sub-acute study which lasted for 30 days the rats were exposed to daily administration of the complex in the doses of 350 or 700 mg/kg. All animals survived during the study and had no significant changes in clinical signs, organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters of blood. The electrophysiological properties of myocardium and the excretory function of kidneys remained normal. Histological analysis of liver, kidney and spleen at the end of the study also did not demonstrate toxic alterations. It was thus established that intraperitoneal administration of complex $C_{60}/PVP$ has no toxic effect. These results suggest that $C_{60}/PVP$ has no acute and sub-acute toxicity and is a perspective substance for potential application in biology and medicine.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1992

Present experiments were undertaken in order to clarify the clinico-pathological characteristics of lead poisoning in goats. Twenty goats were divided into three experimental groups(A, B and C) and a control(D). The three experimental groups received diets contaminated artificially with 10(A group), 200(B group) and 1,000(C group) ${\mu}g/$ of lead, for 70 days respectively. The control group received normal diets. Blood samples were collected 1 or 2 weeks interval and were examined for anemia(erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values) and lead contents of erythrocyte and serum. Urine samples collected similarly with blood were examined for delta-aminolevulinic acid and lead content. Collected samples were analyzed for lead content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. From these experiments following results were obtained : In group B and C, marked decreases in body weight and feed intake, and diarrhea were observed from the $30^{th}$ day of experimental periods. The B and C groups showed pronounced anemia(decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value) from the $21^{st}$ or $42^{nd}$ day. In group B and C, the lead content of erythrocytes was increased significantly from the $28^{th}$ or $14^{th}$ day. The lead content of serum was increased significantly from the $42^{nd}$ or $14^{th}$ day in B and C groups. The lead content of urine was increased significantly from the first day in both B and C groups. The urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid content was increased significantly from $14^{th}$ day in both B and C groups.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Alismatis Rhizoma in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods : male and female rats were administered orally with Alismatis Rhizoma water extract of 1,000 mg/kg (low dosage group), 2,000 mg/kg(middle dosage group) and 4,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. After 7 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results : No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. In addition no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that water soluble extract of Alismatis Rhizoma has not acute oral toxicity and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 4,000 mg/kg in SD rats.

• 약학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2014

A 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity test was performed to determine the no-observed-effect level (NOEL) and establish an optimum dose of the highly toxic Aconiti Ciliare Tuber (ACT) used as a folk remedy. Repeated oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg/day of the hot water extract of ACT were administered to five male and five female Sprague-Dawley rats in each group for 4 weeks. The indicators for toxicity included results of examination of common symptoms and changes in weight and feed intake, eye test, urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemical analyses, and post-mortem weight measurement of organs, and visual inspections. All animals survived at the end of the experiment; in addition, we observed no specific test substance-mediated symptoms. We observed no test substance-mediated changes in body weight and feed intake. We observed statistically significant changes in male OB and pH levels (p<0.05). Further, the biochemical test showed statistically significant changes in the IP value of male rats and $CL^-$valueoffemalerats (p<0.05). However, all changes were within historical data. The post-mortem examinations showed no test substance-mediated changes. Moreover, statistically significant changes under the test conditions were confirmed to have been caused by factors other than the test substance. Thus, the maximum NOEL of ACT extract in rats was estimated to be 5,000 mg/kg/day.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

본 연구는 소아암 환아의 조혈모세포이식 후 성장을 확인하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 조사하고자 진행된 융합연구이다. 2009년 2월부터 3월까지 조혈모세포이식을 받은 소아암 환아 112명의 의무기록으로부터 키와 몸무게를 조사하였으며 자료 분석을 위해 혼합효과 모델을 사용하였다. 연구 결과 조혈모세포이식 후 대상자의 신장과 체중의 표준과의 평균표준편차값이 음의 값이었으며 동종이식 보다 자가이식의 경우 신장(p=0.0008)과 체중(p=0.0012)의 평균이 낮았다. 이식 후 신장에 영향을 주는 것으로 대상자의 이식 시 연령(p=0.0251)과 이식 형태(p=0.0020)가 확인되었으며. 동종이식 환아에서는 성장에 영향을 주는 것으로 스테로이드의 사용량이 확인되었다(p=0.0403). 대상자의 이식 후 체중은 이식 시 연령(p=0.0042), 이식형태(p=0.0035) 그리고 총정맥영양의 주입기간(p=0.0159)에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 소아암 환아의 조혈모세포이식 후 성장이 잘 이루어질 수 있도록 성장저하의 고위험군을 식별할 수 있도록 하여야하며, 이러한 환아에게 적절한 간호중재가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the repeated dose oral toxicity of Alismatis Rhizoma in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Methods : Male and female rats were administered orally with Alismatis Rhizoma water extract of 500 mg/kg(low dosage group), 1,000 mg/kg(middle dosage group) and 2,000 mg/kg(high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 14 days(twice a day). After 14 days, we measured body and organs weight. Also we analyzed hematological changes. Results : No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. In addition no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight. Conclusions : These results suggest that water soluble extract of Alismatis Rhizoma has not repeated dose oral toxicity and oral LD50 value was over 2,000 mg/kg in SD rats. As a result, we can determine Alismatis Rhizoma is a relatively safe substance.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effect of Kami-chungsimyeunjatang on atopic dermatitis and to survey the general characteristics in children with atopic dermatitis. Methods 30 patients suffering from atopic dermatitis were treated with water extract of Kami-chungsimyeunjatang and the clinical evaluation were made by SCORAD index system before and after treatment. We also investigated some characteristics of improvements by using questionnaire. Results 1. Among 30 patients diagnosed as atopic dermatitis, 18 of the people were male(60%) and 12 of the people were female(40%). 2. Among 30 patients diagnosed as atopic dermatitis, 24 of them have family history of allergic disease(80%) and 18 of them have past history of allergic disease(60%). 3. The distribution of nursing method, 13 of them (44%) had powdered milk, 10(33%) of them had both breast milk and powdered milk, 7 of them (23%) had only breast milk. 4. 20 patients(67%) who have atopic dermatitis were less than 1 year old and 6 of them (20%) were between 1 or 2 years old. The initial lesion of 22(74%) of the patients were face and neck. 5. 9 patients(30%) of them answered that the symptoms are getting worse especially during the winter while 8 patients(25%)of them said summer. 6. The mean period of treatment value was $4.6{\pm}2.20$ months. 7. After treatment, there was statistically significant decrease(p<0.05) of extent, intensity, subjective symptoms and total SCORAD index score(p=0.001). 8. After treatment, 28(93%) of the patients were improved. Conclusions Considering the above results, we speculate that Kami-chungsimyeunjatang is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and further studies are needed with more clinical cases of hematological evaluation.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain scientific information regarding classification and health hazards that may result from a 13 weeks inhalation exposure of isoprene in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The testing method was conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals No. 413. The Rats were divided into 4 groups (10 male and 10 female rats in each group) and exposed to 0, 360, 1,620, 7,300 ppm isoprene in each exposure chamber for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. As a result, there were no mortality or abnormality during the period of study and did not show any significant changes of body weight. There were no dose response changes in urinalysis, hematological and serum biochemical value examination. Relative organ weight was increased significantly the right kidney in 7,300 ppm group of male rats. In female rats, relative organ weight of the left kidney and the both lungs in 1,620 ppm group and the left lung and the both kidneys in 7,300 ppm group were increased significantly. But the histopathological findings did not reveal any exposure-related changes. According to the above results, the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of isoprene was 7,300 ppm (20.3 mg/L) in both male and female rats. In conclusion, Isoprene was not classified specific target organ toxicity of the 'Standard for Classification and Labeling of Chemical Substance and Material Safety Data Sheet' (Ministry of Employment and Labor, 2009).