• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.747-751
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• 1993

During the period from April 1991 to July 1992 clinical, hematological, and pathohistological findings of Holstein-friesian calves 47 with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency(BLAD, immunologically ascertained), which were referzed to the clinic for diseases of cattle, veterinary school, Hannover, were described. Most cases show poor body condition, rough and dry in haircoat, salivation, gingivitis, reduction of gingiva and alveolar bone, exposing the incisors' necks, loss of teeth, phlegmonous subcutaneous swellings, ulcerated tongue, recurang fever, coughing, dyspnea, pharyngeal and laryngeal stertor, periodical diarrhea, impaired swallowing, placid and less painsensitive. Relevant laboratory findings are persistent leucocytosis(with more than 30,000 up to 150,000 cells per $mm^3$ of blood), marked neutrophilia(without "shift to the left"), hyperproteinemia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. At post-mortem the carcass of BLAD-affected calves is usually emaciated. All lymphnodes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract appear markedly activated(swollen). Lesions in the mouth(gingivitis, defective dentition, pulpitis/alveolar paraodontitis, ulcerated tongue), throat and larynx(inflammation/ulceration), and lungs(pneumonic foci) correspond to the clinical symptoms seen on the living animal. There may be ulcers on the prestomachal mucosa, hyperemia of the intestinal mucosa with hyperplasia of Peyer's patches, ulceration and/or intramural abscesses. The spleen shows follicular hyperplasia. Microscopically, both myeloand erythropoesis are markedly activated in the bone marrow ; capillaries in many organs show leucocytostasis.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2013

Objectives : To provide information on the safety of ACM, we carried out a single oral dose-increasing toxicity and 4-weeks repeated oral dose determining test of ACM in beagle dogs. Methods : In a single oral dose-increasing toxicity test, beagles were treated with ACM orally increasing dose level (1,000, 2,000, 5,000 mg/㎏) at interval of 3 days. After administration, signs of toxicity were observed for two weeks. In 4-weeks repeated oral dose determinating test, beagles were treated with ACM with oral dose 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, organ weights, necropsy findings, and histological findings were monitored during the study period. Results : In a single oral dose-increasing toxicity test, we found no mortality, abnormalities in clinical signs, body weight, and necropsy findings during the study period. In 4-weeks repeated oral dose determinating test, we found no mortality, abnormalities in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, hematological and biological parameters, gross findings, organ weights, necropsy findings, and histopathological findings in any of the beagles tested. Conclusions : The results obtained in these studies suggest that maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ACM in male and female beagle dogs was supposed to be over 5,000 mg/kg. For the future studies of toxicity, it is advisable that high dose and low dose are set at 2000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1990

A dog which Showed dry muzzle, coughing, dyspnea, weight loss and exercise intolerance was clinically examined. Dirofilaria immitis infection was determined by hematological findings, radiographic evaluation and detection of microfilaria with modified Kno

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1986

This paper described the distribution and transmissibility of BLV(bovine leukemia virus), the relationship between antibodies against BLV and lymphocyte count in 313 dairy cattle from 36 herds, the clinical signs and hematological findings of 2 lymphosarcomatous cattle in the northern area of Kyungpook. Eighty three (26.5%) of 313 cattle from 36 herds were positive for BLV antibodies and 19 (52.8%) of 36 herds were infected with BLV by the immunodiffusion test with BLV-gp antigen. The rate of BLV infection in cattle varied from 9.5 to 87.5% in 19 positive herds, it was higher in herds pastured during summer and included lymphosarcomatous onset than the other and also higher with the age. Eight (88.9%) out of 9 cattle which showed persistent lymphocytosis by the hematological test were positive for BLV antibodies. After 5 to 14 months, 13 (31.0%) of 42 cattle being negative for BLV antibodies in the positive herds converted into positive. Two lymphosarcomatous cattle were identified to be EBL (enzootic bovine leukemia) by the clinical sign, hematological examination and serological test.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1999

It was performed to evaulate the effects of occlusion of mandibular gland and sublingual gland on the mandibular gland in dogs. The occlusion of mandibular gland and sublingual gland was induced by ligature in clinically normal dogs, and ultrasonograpic appearance, hematological changes and histological changes of the mandibular gland were observed daily during 6 days. The results were as follows. 1. The length, width, circumference and area of the mandibular gland in clinically normal dogs were 25.1 mm, 8.4 mm, 56.4 mm and 163.0 $\textrm{mm}^2$ in the left, and 23.4 mm, 8.0 mm, 53.3 mm and 141.6 $\textrm{mm}^2$in the right. 2. The length, width, circumference and area of the mandibular gland were gradually increased after ligature of the salivary duct, and revealed maximum values, as 33.4 mm, 10.9 mm, 73.0 mm and 287.2 $\textrm{mm}^2$, respectively, at 24 hours after ligature, and returned to normal size at 3 days after ligature. 3. The size of the opposite mandibular gland without ligature was also gradually increased until 24 hours, and returned to normal size at 3 days, similar to the changes of the mandibular gland with ligature. 4. There were no significant changes after ligature of the salivary duct in hematological findings. 5. In histopathological findings, the major of glandular alveoli was enlarged at 24 hours after ligature of the salivary duct, and neutrophils and monocytes were infiltrated at 6 days after ligature.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.323-331
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• 2003

We performed this study to determine the late biological effect of gamma radiation and effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, on radiation-induced late biological effect (survival, hematological change, carcinogenesis) of mice irradiated with 3 Gy of gamma-radiation. There were little difference in body weights between normal and irradiated mice. Survival rate were decreased in irradiated mice and the survival rate and mean survival time of the groups treated with BZYQT were far better than the irradiation control group. A significant elevation of total leukocyte or lymphocyte counts was seen at week 4 and 12 of the group treated with BZYQT. Stimulated recovery by the extract from BZYQT was also observed in thrombocyte. Main gross findings of irradiated mice were appeared as enlargement of spleen, thymus and liver, tumorous nodules of lung and cyst or mass of ovary. Microscopically, there were various findings including hematopoietic and lymphoid tumor, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and cancer of other lesions. BZYQT reduced the incidence of tumor development. Further studies are needed to characterize better the protective nature of ingredients and active compounds.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1983

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for the preverition of chronic poisonig by organic phosphate pesticides. 6 sprayers who participated in the summer pest control programs of Jeonju city were chosen as the subjects in this study. Pesticides which were spread in the period of study are DDVP (1.09%), dursban (1.8%) and dibrom (1.9%). And from May 16, 1983 to Aug. 22, 1983, plasma cholinesterase activity, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured with several physical examinations for each sprayers and controls. Major findings are as following; 1. Before pesticides were sprayed, plasma cholinesterase were $7.32{\pm}1.76{\mu}M/20{\mu}l/hr$. in sprayers and $7.13{\pm}1.39{\mu}M/20{\mu}l/hr$. in the control group (p>0.05). 2. At 60th day of spraying, plasma cholinesterase activity of sprayers was $6.78{\pm}2.01{\mu}M/20{\mu}l/hr$. which is significantly decreased from the pre-exposed value (p<0.01), but plasma cholinesterease activity in the control group was not changed. 3. The specific findings which suggested to organophosphorous poisoning were not found through the period of study. 4. Hematological and bichemical parameters were not sigricantly changed in the both groups.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.223-243
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• 2014

Objectives: To provide information on the safety of GST (GamiSasangja-tang; CnidiiFructus, Sophora Root, Angelica Gigas Root, Clematidis Radix, Stemonae Radix, Spirodelae Herba), we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of GST in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Female and male rats were treated with GST at oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5000 mg/kg. The GST was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. The rats were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results: We found no mortality or abnormalities among clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights or histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions: The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.143-160
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• 2012

Objectives : To provide information on the safety of ACM, we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of ACM in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods : Female and male rats were treated with ACM with oral doses of 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg. The ACM was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. Moreover, the rats were monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results : We found no mortality and no abnormalities in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions : The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) was considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity with oral administration in ICR mice of Ohyaksungi-san fermented with Lactobacillus sp. Methods: In single oral administered toxic test, four groups were administrated different dosages(0, 1250, 2500, 5000 mg/kg) of fermented Ohyaksungi-san. After single oral administration, we observed number of death, clinical signs, body weight changes, hematological values and autopsy. Results: Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, necropsy findings and hematological values in all treated groups (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions: These results indicate that the $LD_{50}$ value of fermented Ohyaksungi-san extract might be over 5000 mg/kg and it have no side toxic effect to ICR mice