• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

This study examines the physiochemical and quality properties of the bread added with soy fiber powder to promote the intake of soy fiber. For this study, the powder for making bread was mixed with soy fiber, wheat flour and SF-1450 and SF-1260 at the ratio of 0~12% each. The ratios of the edible fiber contained in the soy fiber power samples were 72.0% in the SF-1450 sample and 67.8% in the SF-1260 sample. The mixograph characteristics tended to be conspicuons in proportion to the amount of the soy fiber added at midline peak height, width at peak and, width at 8.00. The specific volume of the bread tended to decrease significantly as the amount of the soy fiber increased from 2 to 12%. In terms of crust chromaticity change, L-value increased more significantly in the samples added with 4 to 12% than the control. For a-value, SF-1450 in the samples with 6 to 12% and SF-1260 in the samples with 8 to 12% more significantly decreased than the control. For such characteristics of texture as hardness, SF-1450 in the samples with 10 to 12% and SF-1260 in the samples with 6 to 12% increased more than the control. As discussed above, the sensual characteristics of the white pan bread with soy fiber added tended to be worse as the amount of the additive increased, compared with the control samples. Summing up the results of the physico-chemical analysis and the overall acceptability, those samples with 2~4% of SF-1450 and 2% of SF-1260 were found excellent.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.10 s.253
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2006

This paper describes the novel fabrication method of the high-aspect-ratio nano structure which is impossible by conventional method using a shadow mask and a Deep X-ray Lithography (DXRL). The shadow mask with $1{\mu}m-sized$ apertures is fabricated on the silicon membrane using a conventional UV-lithography. The size of aperture is reduced to 200nm by accumulated low stress silicon nitride using a LPCVD (low pressure chemical vapor deposition) process. The X-ray mask is fabricated by depositing absorber layer (Au, $3{\mu}m$) on the back side of nano shadow mask. The thickness of an absorber layer must deposit dozens micrometers to obtain contrast more than 100 for a conventional DXRL process. The thickness of $3{\mu}m-absorber$ layer can get sufficient contrast using a central beam stop method, blocking high energy X-rays. The nano circle and nano line, 200nm in diameter in width, respectively, were demonstrated 700nm in height with a negative photoresist of SU-8.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2022

In this study, distribution of submarine sand ridges in the coastal waters of Korea was surveyed using multibeam echo sounder data, and the topographic characteristics of each region were identified. For this purpose, the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data was generated using depth data obtained from the Yellow Sea and the South Sea by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, and then applied the TPI (Topographic Position Index) technique to precisely extract the boundary of the sand ridges. As a result, a total of 200 sand ridges distributed in the coastal waters were identified, and the characteristics of each region of the sedimentary sediments were analyzed by performing statistical analysis on the scale (width, length, perimeter, area, height) and shape (width/length ratio, height/width ratio, linear·branch type, exposure·non-exposure type). The results of this study are expected to be used not only for coastal navigational safety, but also for marine naming support, marine aggregate resource identification, and fisheries resource management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.1378-1385
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• 2002

The importance of direct genetic, maternal, heterosis and epistatic effects were examined on post-weaning weight, height, length, girth, fat depth and muscle (ratio of stifle to hip width) with dry and wet season gains in these traits. The breeds used were two pure breeds (Jersey and Limousin), the Limousin${\times}$Jersey $F_1$, and two backcrosses ($F_1{\times}$Jersey dams and $F_1{\times}$Limousin dams). Direct genetic effects were large (p<0.001) for all traits except for length. Jersey maternal effects were large for weight, girth, fat depth and muscle in the post-weaning wet season gains which is an evidence of the impact of Jersey dam on progeny beyond weaning. There were large heterosis effects on fat depth and muscle relative to other traits. Epistatic effects were observed for post-weaning performance in weight, girth, fat depth and muscle. There are indications that there were different genetic effects for post-weaning compared to preweaning growth traits. Thus, it could be hypothesized from this study that different quantitative trait loci (QTL) affect early and late growth in Jersey and Limousin cross cattle breeds. The follow up work will examine the different chromosomal gene effects on pre- and post-weaning growth.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.459-472
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• 1996

An experimental investigation on the wind flow over smooth bell-shaped two-dimensional hills with hill slopes (the ratio of height to half width) of 0.3 and 0.5 is performed in an atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel. Two categories of the models are used in the present investigation; six two-dimensional single-hills, and four continuous double-hills. The measurements of the flow field and surface static-pressure distribution are carried out over the Reynolds number (based on the hill height) of 1.9 $\times 10^4, 3.3 \times 10^4, and 5.6 \times 10^4$. The velocity profiles and turbulence characteristics are measured by the pitot-tube and X-type hot-wire anemometer, respectively. The undisturbed boundary-layer profile on the bottom surface of the wind tunnel is reasonably consistent with the power-law profile with $\alpha = 7.0 (1/\alpha$ is the power-law exponent) and shows good spanwise uniformities. The profiles of turbulent intensity are found to be consistent along the centerline of the wind tunnel. The measured non-dimensional speed-up profiles at the hill crest show good agreements with the predictions of Jackson and Hunt's linear theory. The flow separation occurs in the hill slope of 0.5, and the oil-ink dot method is used to find the reattachment points in the leeside of the hill. The measured reattachment points are compared with the numerical predictions. Comparisons of the mean velocity profiles and surface pressure distributions between the numerical predictions and the experimental results show good agreements.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2012

Tianjin Goldin Finance 117 tower has an architectural height of 597 m, total of 117 stories, and the coronation of having the highest structural roof of all the buildings under construction in China. Structural height-width ratio is approximately 9.5, exceeding the existing regulation code significantly. In order to satisfy earthquake and wind-resisting requirements, a structure consisting of a perimeter frame composed of mega composite columns, mega braces and transfer trusses and reinforced concrete core containing composite steel plate wall is adopted. Complemented by some of the new requirements from the latest Chinese building seismic design codes, design of the super high-rise building in high-intensity seismic area exhibits a number of new features and solutions to professional requirements in response spectrum selection, overall stiffness control, material and component type selection, seismic performance based design, mega-column design, anti-collapse and stability analysis as well as elastic-plastic time-history analysis. Furthermore, under the prerequisite of economic viability and a series of technical requirements prescribed by the expert review panel for high-rise buildings exceeding code limits, the design manages to overcome various structural challenges and realizes the intentions of the architect and the client.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2018

This paper proposes a transfer matrix method for the bending vibration of two types of tapered beams subjected to axial force, and it is applied to analyze tapered beams with an edge or multiple edge open cracks. One beam type is assumed to be reduced linearly in the cross-section height along the beam length. The other type is a tapered beam in which the cross-section height and width with the same taper ratio is linearly reduced simultaneously. Each crack is modeled as two sub-elements connected by a rotational spring, and the method can evaluate the effect of cracking on the desired number of eigenfrequencies using a minimum number of subdivisions. Among the power series available for the solutions, the roots of the differential equation are computed using the Frobenius method. The computed results confirm the accuracy of the method and are compared with previously reported results. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated by examining specific examples, and the effects of cracking and axial loading are carefully examined by a comparison of the single and double tapered beam results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.434-441
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• 2013

Bending motion has been used in the surgical instruments with bending structures and tendon mechanisms. A simplified bending angle amplification ratio between the proximal and distal bending joint was derived in this article. The bending structure of disk and rib in the proximal joint was analyzed based on finite element method with an emphasis on the circumferential uniformity of bending stiffness. Regarding the distal joint, optimal design and sensitivity analysis was done with four design variables of outer and inner diameter, rib height and rib width while maximizing the deformation under the stress distribution below the yield stress. Outer diameter and rib width are most critical to maximum deformation as the outer diameter and inner diameters are so to maximum equivalent stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.153-166
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• 2010

The study analyzes the lower-trunk sizes of 7-12 year old elementary school boys and compares sizes with boys, juniors, and men for analyzing and image fit. For the study, the data of SizeKorea (2004) was analyzed. Waist, hip, and the ratio of hip-thickness to hip-width were significantly different between age groups as well as between boys, juniors, and men. In the same height group, over 145cm boys had bigger waist than juniors and smaller waists than men. Therefore, the difference of waist size and the length of leg could cause the dissatisfaction of the pant fit when tall and plump boys chose a corresponding pants size to individual height or waist. The hip-thickness of body and pants patterns were compared in the analysis of the ease of hip-thickness. Tall and plump boys will feel discomfort in the crotch area because of the insufficiency of the hip-thickness of pants. Therefore, the amount of crotch extension of individual pants should be calculated by hip size instead of using the fixed amount. The reference sizes for discriminative pants for tall and plump boys were analyzed for a better fit.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2015

This article presents a theoretical parametric analysis on the ultimate torsional behaviour of axially restrained reinforced concrete (RC) beams. This analysis is performed by using a computing procedure based on a modification of the Variable Angle Truss Model. This computing procedure was previously developed to account for the influence of the longitudinal compressive stress state due to the axial restraint conditions provided by the connections of the beams to other structural members. The presented parametric study aims to check the influence of some important variable studies, namely: torsional reinforcement ratio, compressive concrete strength and axial restraint level. From the results of this parametric study, nonlinear regression analyses are performed and some design charts are proposed. Such charts allow to correct the resistance torque of RC beams (rectangular sections with small height to width ratios) to account for the favorable influence of the axial restraint.