• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.333-344
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to examine risk-accepting personality traits and associated factors among farmers. Methods: Data were collected from farmers aged over 40 living in Goryeong, North Gyeongsang-do Province, Korea. Study participants were enrolled in the Korean Rural Cohort study from 2011 to 2014. Surveys for the risk perception of farming were made through face-to-face interviews. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were conducted adjusting for gender, age, marital status, and education. Results: Several factors such as gender, age, marital status, age first worked as a farmer, duration of farming, and history of pesticide poisoning were associated with risk-accepting personality traits among farmers. Farmers with risk-accepting personalities tend to be older, less educated, and have self-employed health insurance. Farmers who started farming after the age of 50 are likely to be risk averse compared to farmers who started farming before the age of 20 (OR=0.41, 95% CI; 0.21, 0.82). Frequent spraying of pesticides was marginally associated with higher risk acceptance among female farmers (OR=1.61, 95% CI: 0.99, 2.64). Male farmers who had experienced pesticide poisoning in their lifetime showed higher odds of risk-accepting personality traits (OR=2.20, 95% CI: 1.03, 4.72) Conclusion: Risk-acceptors were more likely to spray pesticides frequently and to experience more pesticide poisoning compared to risk-averse individuals. This result suggests that farming hazards are to some degree driven by risk-accepting personality traits. Further investigation of how risk-accepting behaviors influence farming practices and pesticide poisoning is needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.402-413
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate Apolipoprotein E phenotypes and the relationship among lipid levels, nutrient intakes, lifestyles and risk factors between subjects with and without hyperlipidemic risk. The data were collected from 675 industrial male workers who had completed annual medical examination. Compared to the normal group, the hyperlipidemic risk group in Apo E3 and E4 had significantly higher BMI (p < 0.05) and showed significantly higher body fat (%), waist circumference and WHR in all types of Apo E (p < 0.05). In addition, the hyperlipidemic risk group had significantly higher total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and AI than the normal group in all types of Apo E (p < 0.05). Intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and niacin in Apo E3 were significantly lower in the hyperlipidemic risk group than in the normal group (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for other factors, Apo E2 + E4, waist and WHR were the significant risk factors associated with hyperlipidemia, but protein intakes were associated with significantly lower risks of hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, genetic factor (Apo E2 or Apo E4), anthropometric index and nutrient intake seem to influence hyperlidemic risk. Further studies and efforts will be needed to evaluate the independent relationships among hyperlipidemic risk factors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to identify regional differences in the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users in Korea and to identify relevant regional factors for each quintile using quantile regression. Methods: Data from 227 counties surveyed by the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) were analyzed. The analysis dataset included secondary data extracted from the Korean Statistical Information Service and data from the KCHS. To identify regional factors related to the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users, quantile regression was conducted by dividing the data into 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% quantiles, and multiple linear regression was also performed. Results: The current smoking rate, perceived stress rate, crude divorce rate, and financial independence rate, as well as one's social network, were related to the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users. The quantile regression revealed that the perceived stress rate was related to all quantiles except for the 90% quantile, and the financial independence rate was related to the 50% to 90% quantiles. The crude divorce rate was related to the high-risk drinking rate among yearly alcohol users in all quantiles. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that local health programs for high-risk drinking are needed in areas with high local stress and high crude divorce rates.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2017

Purpose: In South Korea, suicide mortality has rapidly increased, so it has become a major public health concern. Multicultural adolescents are regarded as a high-risk group due to their situation. In this study, we compared the prevalence and risk factors of suicide ideation between Korean and multicultural adolescents. Methods: Data from the eleventh Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2015), collected by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were statistically analyzed using the descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The total participants were 63,376 in numbers. They were composed of 62,649 (98.9%) Korean and 727 (1.1%) multicultural adolescents. Results: I found that the prevalence of suicide ideation was significantly higher among the multicultural adolescents (15.8%) compared with those of Korean (11.3%). The risk factors of suicide ideation in the Korean group were co-residence without family, poor perceived health status, depressive mood, high stress level, poor perceived happiness level, and experience of violence. Conversely, the risk factors of the multicultural group were smoking, depressive mood, and experience of violence. Conclusion: These findings suggest that appropriate and practical prevention strategies should focus on psychological and environmental factors in order to prevent suicide ideation and reduce suicide behavior in Korean and multicultural adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of suicidal ideation among the elderly in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data of the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were 1,097 elderly Koreans who responded to the health survey. Sociodemographics, health related characteristics, and the prevalence of suicidal ideation were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Risk factors of the suicidal ideation were also examined. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Of the 1,097 respondents, 30.5% had suicidal ideation during the past year. Depression and stress were the important risk factors; others included mobility, pain/discomfort, chronic illness, smoking, sleep, and leisure time physical activity. Sociodemographic characteristics such as gender, education, and marital status affected suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The high frequency of suicidal ideation in the elderly suggests the necessity of community-based interventions directed at depression and stress.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.268-274
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and regional risk factors on depression using community-based data in Jeollabuk-do. Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data from the Community Health Survey 2018 in Jeollabuk-do. The dependent variable was depression measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The prevalence of depression was defined if total score of PHQ-9 was 10 or higher. A multilevel analysis was conducted to consider individual and regional level independent variables that could be risk factors for depression. Results: In the individual level, female gender and smokers had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) for depression of 1.58 and 1.72, respectively. Subjects with economic activity, higher income and higher education had significantly lower ORs of 0.53, 0.41 and 0.66. In the regional level, higher greening rates and lower levels of PM2.5 had statistically lower ORs at the significance level of 10%. Conclusion: By conducting this study, risk factors associated with depression were identified in individual- and regional-level. This study suggests that health projects are needed to control regional level risk factors including community networks for mental health management in addition to the traditional individual level risk factors.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation among middle class Korean. Methods: Cross sectional study was designed for secondary data analysis. From the 8th Korea Health Panel survey (2008~2013), a total of 6,037 data was drawn and analyzed by developmental stage using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, $x^2$ test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: Across all age groups, high physical-mental stress, frustration, anxiety about the future and low self-perceived health status or social class were found to be the risk factors of suicidal ideation. Peer-compared subjective health status and frustration significantly influenced the adolescents. The young adults'suicidal ideation was mainly influenced by physical and mental stress, frustration and absence of economic activity. For the middle-aged, physical and mental stress, frustration, future anxiety, low peer-compared subjective health status were found to be the major influencing factors. The predominant risk factors for the elderly were frustration and low peer-compared subjective health status. Conclusion: Making comparisons to others significantly influence suicidal ideation throughout all life cycles. Improvement of mental health and suicide prevention can be enhanced by avoiding negative comparison to others.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2067-2073
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify risk and protective factors/markers for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) in Israeli Jewish women in order to settle the discrepancy of low incidence rate of cervical cancer and relatively high incidence rate of CIN3. Materials and Methods: We conducted two case control studies, which examined the association between potential risk and protective factors/markers for cervical cancer or CIN3 using self administered detailed questionnaires. Results: For studying cervical cancer, 40 cases and 40 matched controls were interviewed. In the univariable and multivariable analyses older age, depression or anxiety and ever smoking seemed to act as independent risk factors/markers, while older age at first intercourse was protective. For studying CIN3, 99 cases and 79 controls were interviewed. Multivariable analysis has demonstrated that being born in Israel, depression or anxiety and ever smoking were independent risk factors/markers for CIN3. Conclusions: The risk factors/markers studied, that were associated with cervical cancer or CIN3 among Jewish women in Israel, are similar to those reported in other parts of the world, and do not explain the observed discrepancy of high in-situ cervical cancer rates and low invasive cervical cancer incidence in Israel.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify factors that predict suicidal ideation and depression according to gender among Korean adults. Method: From the data base of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey(KNHANESV-1, 2010), data on 4,894 adults aged 19~64 were used. Data were analyzed by application of the Rao-Scott Chi-Square test and logistic analysis with SAS 9.2. Results: Overall, 8.5% of men and 18.1% of women had suicidal ideation during the last year; 7.5% of men and 17.0% of women had depression during the last two weeks. Risk factors for suicidal ideation include perceived high stress(OR male 3.649, female 2.941), depression(OR male 10.109, female 6.033), poor cognition of health status(OR male 8.115, female 6.664), low economic status(OR male 1.898), and low educational status(OR female 1.631). Risk factors for depression include perceived high stress(OR male 2.678, female 3.686), suicidal ideation(OR male 9.925, female 6.022), non-employed(OR female 1.525), married(OR female 2.392), and physical discomfort(OR female 1.545). Conclusions: Based on the above mentioned results, risk factors of suicidal ideation and depression differed according to gender. Development of various policies and appropriate intervention programs according to gender, that lessen the risk of suicidal ideation and depression for adults is needed.