• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.230-239
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify the kinds and exposure levels of health hazards in the metalworking process in relation to acute poisoning accidents caused by methanol in 2016. Methods: The number of industries, workplaces, exposed workers, regional distribution, and exposure level of health hazards in metalworking process were investigated based on employee exposure assessment database provided by KOSHA (the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency), which was collected from workplace hazard evaluation programs in Korea. Exposure metrics for methanol were assessed by RCR (risk characterization ratio). Results: The numbers of processes, workplaces, and exposed workers of metalworking, which include CNC (computer numerical control) were 25, 14,405, and 169,102 respectively. The numbers of samples of chemical hazards including methanol were 91,325, and it was found that workers in metalworking were exposed to 249 kinds of chemical hazards. There were 16 kinds of special controlled substances including beryllium. It is estimated that the number of workplaces involving CNC process was 2,537, and the number of exposed workers was 27,976. In CNC process, the total number of workplaces handling methanol was 36, and 298 workers were estimated to be exposed. There was no exceeded that surpassed the OEL and 49% of samples were below the limit of detection. Methanol exposure concentrations in Gyeonggido Province were statistically significantly higher than in other areas (p <0.0001). Conclusions: In the metalworking process including CNC, there is exposure to a wide variety of health hazards. There was no sample exceeding the OEL for methanol. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the limits of the employee exposure assessment system and urgently improve measures to prevent the occurrence of events like methanol poisoning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.141-158
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• 2019

Objectives: An adverse outcome pathway is a biological pathway that disturbs homeostasis and causes toxicity. It is a conceptual framework for organizing existing biological knowledge and consists of the molecular initiating event, key event, and adverse output. The AOP concept provides intuitive risk identification that can be helpful in evaluating the carcinogenicity of chemicals and in the prevention of cancer through the assessment of chemical carcinogenicity predictions. Methods: We reviewed various papers and books related to the application of AOPs for the prevention of occupational cancer. We mainly used the internet to search for the necessary research data and information, such as via Google scholar(http://scholar.google.com), ScienceDirect(www.sciencedirect.com), Scopus(www.scopus. com), NDSL(http: //www.ndsl.kr/index.do) and PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). The key terms searched were "adverse outcome pathway," "toxicology," "risk assessment," "human exposure," "worker," "nanoparticle," "applications," and "occupational safety and health," among others. Results: Since it focused on the current state of AOP for the prediction of toxicity from chemical exposure at work and prospects for industrial health in the context of the AOP concept, respiratory and nanomaterial hazard assessments. AOP provides an intuitive understanding of the toxicity of chemicals as a conceptual means, and it works toward accurately predicting chemical toxicity. The AOP technique has emerged as a future-oriented alternative to the existing paradigm of chemical hazard and risk assessment. AOP can be applied to the assessment of chemical carcinogenicity along with efforts to understand the effects of chronic toxic chemicals in workplaces. Based on these predictive tools, it could be possible to bring about a breakthrough in the prevention of occupational and environmental cancer. Conclusions: The AOP tool has emerged as a future-oriented alternative to the existing paradigm of chemical hazard and risk assessment and has been widely used in the field of chemical risk assessment and the evaluation of carcinogenicity at work. It will be a useful tool for prediction, and it is possible that it can help bring about a breakthrough in the prevention of occupational and environmental cancer.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.481-484
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• 2008

The research was carried out to suggest the bridge health monitoring systems that have been composed damage detection algorithm and a system for evaluation load carrying capacity of bridge by traffic loads for the purpose of safety management of bridge structure in efficient and economic.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.22-31
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• 1993

Presently, in the countries, such as America and Japan which are better in socio-economical conditions than Korea, in Taiwan which is similar in them to us, and even in Thailand and Philippine which are thought lower in them, health education is taught as one of curricular subjects in elementary and secondary school levels. In Korea, however, the importance of teaching health education as a curricular subject has been recognized among many professionals of health since a long time ago. Along with current rapid development of polytechnique and industry, various kinds of serious health hazard have appeared even in our daily life, so it has been urgently needed that people have comprehensive knowledge and skills to resolve one's own health problems. Among various conditions needed to resolve the health problems in our society, it is one of the most effective precedures that health education is taught as a curricular subject at least in elementary and secondary school levels. For this, the followings are inevitable ; reformation of school health organization and laws involving health, development of teaching materials in health and training of health educators.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 1997

This study focuses on the health risk assessment of airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a petrochemical complex, with several emphases on a risk assessment method. The first emphasis is on the importance of hazard identification to determine the likely carcinogenic potential of a VOC. Without considering this type of information, a direct comparison of the carcinogenic risks of two pollutants is meaningless. Therefore, wer suggest that this type of information be prepared and be listed with the estimate of cancer risk in parallel. The second emphasis is on the selection of a better dose-response model to estimate unit risk or cancer potency factor of a carcinogenic VOC. Finally, probilistic risk assessment method is discussed and recommended to use within a comparison of conventional point-estimate method. A health risk assessment has also been carried out. For non-carcinogenic risk, even the highest hazard index for carbon tetrachloride is estimated to be less than 1 with the other VOCs less than 0.03. However, the lifetime cancer risk from the inhalation of airborne VOCs is estimated to be about $2.6 \times 10^{-4}$ which is higher than the risk standard of $10^{-6}$ or even $10^{-5}$. Therefore, the investigation into domestic petrochemical complexes should be strengthened to obtain more fine long-term airborne VOC data.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

The average injury rate in sawmilling industry for the last 5 years is 4.99%, which means that more than 200 injuries have occurred in that industry every year. Because the first step in risk assessment is the hazard identification, it is very important to know how to define the hazard and nature of harm. We analyzed 643 accident records of three years(2010-2012) and carried out site survey for the same cases. As a result, the most common types of work at the time of injury in sawmilling industry were removing jammed wood 81(12.8%), wood carrying task 52(8.1%), wood cutting 49(7.6%), travelling table log band saw 41(6.4%), maintenance 37(5.8%) etc. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in some analysis factors such as injured body parts, employment size, and handling material among different working places. Therefore, it is concluded that differentiated prevention efforts are necessary in each workplace.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2012

In this study, appropriate preventive measures are suggested as follows by analyzing industrial accident cases occurred for five years of company J and workers' survey. First, personnel management including meticulous shift work and rotation task for older workers should be made strictly in terms of safety and health management. Second, Industrial disasters occurred more in spring than in other seasons, so safety management will have to be enhanced in spring. That is, to reduce industrial disaster various occupational safety and health activities to prevent spring fatigue are needed. Third, to improve safety consciousness of workers, penalties for those who have not received safety training and for people without protective equipment are required. Also, hazard prediction training such as Tool Box Meeting shall be proceeded. Fourth, building of proactive safety culture that the workers themselves handle risk factors is urgent. Fifth, the company-wide safety and health programs including safety awards and cases presentation are needed to be planned.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to provide direction in the improvement of sodium labeling in an effort to reduce consumption. We surveyed confirmation and importance of food labeling and nutrition information and we also analyzed the willingness to pay on new nutrients labeling. Consumers checked the sell-by-date, product name, method of intake, but not nutritional information. They also checked for calories and carbohydrates but they were not interested in sodium, sugar, and trans fat which are health hazard nutrients. It is necessary to improve nutrition labeling, because consumers are experiencing difficulties in obtaining sodium information under the nutrition labeling system. Consumers will pay about 0.66% more if new sodium labeling is introduced. In conclusion, food labeling system can be improved by smooth and efficient access of information. for health-hazard nutritional components, such as sodium, it is important to introduce policies that reduce their intake. This can be done by providing consumers with clear and concise information. The social costs of high sodium intake could be reduced, hence improving the national health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.6 no.3 s.22
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• pp.17-28
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• 2006

Structural health monitoring is important to maintain the safety and serviceability of the structures. The displacement in the structure should be precisely and frequently monitored because it is a direct assessment index indicating its stiffness. However, no practical method has been developed to monitor such displacement precisely, particularly for high-rise buildings and long span bridges because they cannot be easily accessible. To overcome such difficult accessibility, we propose to use a LIDAR system that remotely samples the surface of an object using laser pulses and generates the coordinates of numerous points on the surface. In this study, using terrestrial LiDAR, we develop a novel displacement measuring model for structural health monitoring and perform an indoor experiment to prove its performance.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of breastfeeding on the occurrence of early childhood caries in Korean infants and toddlers. Methods: Data on oral examinations of infants and toddlers of the National Health Insurance Service were analyzed. The study subjects were children who participated in both the first, second, and third oral examinations and the first general health examination in 2008-2017 (n=142,185). Based on the responses to the questionnaire, the subjects were classified into breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mixed feeding groups. The participants were monitored for the development of early childhood caries in three sequential oral examinations. Results: Based on the oral examination results conducted at 54-65 months old, the decayed-filled teeth index of the breastfeeding group was the highest (2.03±3.08), followed by the mixed (1.96±3.03) and the formula feeding groups (1.82±2.91). The Cox proportional hazard regression model including all the variables showed that the risk of developing dental caries was significantly lower in the formula (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85) and mixed feeding groups (HR, 0.91) than in the breastfeeding group. Conclusions: Breastfeeding children have a higher risk of early childhood caries; therefore, oral hygiene education and regular dental check-ups are necessary.