• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.168-174
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• 2021

Korea is ranked as the world's No. 1 country in its aging rate. While the interest and demand for health is rapidly increasing, the health status of the elderly is in the lowest among OECD members. Increased chronic diseases, the burden of medical costs and digital/untact changes of societies after COVID-19 have caused the direction of healthcare to be changed from treatment oriented to health care and prevention oriented, along with increased income levels and a desire for a healthy life. Amid this paradigm of change, the gap in health standards and health inequality for the elderly according to local structure and social conditions affects not only socio-economic but also the quality of life for individual senior citizen. Utilizing prior data of Aging Research Panel Survey, this study aims to compare and analyze health conditions and regional gaps which are significant influences on the satisfaction of the life of the elderly, and to suggest direction of studies for health care to provide solutions for health inequalities. The findings are intended to be a basic data for researching models of the New Normal Smart Healthcare System that bridge the health gap between the elderly and enhance life satisfaction with health care models suitable for regional characteristics in aging society.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal gap of metal coping fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) group and subtractive manufacturing (SM) group by dental computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) systems. Twenty same cases of stone models of abutment teeth 16 by the universal numbering system were manufactured and scanned. Ten metal copings of control group were fabricated using SM and ten metal coping of experimental group were fabricated using AM. Marginal and internal gap of copings were measured using the silicone replica technique and digital microscope (${\times}140$). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0 Statistical Software for independent samples t-test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Mean${\pm}$ standard deviation (SD) of marginal and internal gap total size of SM group was $101.00{\pm}40.33{\mu}m$ of AM group was $83.61{\pm}40.37{\mu}m$. Mean${\pm}$SD of marginal and internal gap total size of SM group was significantly greater than that of AM group (p<0.05). This study showed that AM metal copings had a better marginal and internal gap than SM metal copings.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal and internal gap of wax copings fabricated from extraoral scanning with intraoral scanning. Methods: Fifteen study models(abutment of teeth 16) were made by PMMA. STL files of thirty abutment were prepared by intraoral scanning with extraoral scanning. Wax copings of thirty fabricated using CAD/CAM system. Marginal and internal gap of wax copings of thirty were measured by silicone replica technique and digital microscope(${\times}140$). Date were analyzed by using independent samples t-test. Results: Mean (SD) of two group were measured $55.61(27.42){\mu}m$ for totally gap of ES group and $60.67(33.14){\mu}m$ for totally gap of IS group. But marginal and internal gap of two group were not differences statistically significant(p>0.05). Conclusion: Evaluation of marginal and internal gap of two group showed that no differences statistically significant and clinically acceptable results.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.463-469
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• 2017

PURPOSE. To evaluate the fit of a three-unit metal framework of fixed dental prostheses made by subtractive and additive manufacturing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One master model of metal was fabricated. Twenty silicone impressions were made on the master die, working die of 10 poured with Type 4 stone, and working die of 10 made of scannable stone. Ten three-unit wax frameworks were fabricated by wax-up from Type IV working die. Stereolithography files of 10 three-unit frameworks were obtained using a model scanner and three-dimensional design software on a scannable working die. The three-unit wax framework was fabricated using subtractive manufacturing (SM) by applying the prepared stereolithography file, and the resin framework was fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM); both used metal alloy castings for metal frameworks. Marginal and internal gap were measured using silicone replica technique and digital microscope. Measurement data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U-test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The lowest and highest gaps between premolar and molar margins were in the SM group and the AM group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the marginal gap among the 3 groups (P<.001). In the marginal area where pontic was present, the largest gap was $149.39{\pm}42.30{\mu}m$ in the AM group, and the lowest gap was $24.40{\pm}11.92{\mu}m$ in the SM group. CONCLUSION. Three-unit metal frameworks made by subtractive manufacturing are clinically applicable. However, additive manufacturing requires more research to be applied clinically.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To assess the marginal and internal gaps of the copings fabricated by computer-aided milling and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) systems in comparison to casting method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ten metal copings were fabricated by casting, computer-aided milling, and DMLS. Seven mesiodistal and labiolingual positions were then measured, and each of these were divided into the categories; marginal gap (MG), cervical gap (CG), axial wall at internal gap (AG), and incisal edge at internal gap (IG). Evaluation was performed by a silicone replica technique. A digital microscope was used for measurement of silicone layer. Statistical analyses included one-way and repeated measure ANOVA to test the difference between the fabrication methods and categories of measured points (${\alpha}$=.05), respectively. RESULTS. The mean gap differed significantly with fabrication methods (P<.001). Casting produced the narrowest gap in each of the four measured positions, whereas CG, AG, and IG proved narrower in computer-aided milling than in DMLS. Thus, with the exception of MG, all positions exhibited a significant difference between computer-aided milling and DMLS (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Although the gap was found to vary with fabrication methods, the marginal and internal gaps of the copings fabricated by computer-aided milling and DMLS fell within the range of clinical acceptance (< $120{\mu}m$). However, the statistically significant difference to conventional casting indicates that the gaps in computer-aided milling and DMLS fabricated restorations still need to be further reduced.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the marginal gap of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by CEREC$^{(R)}$ in-office CAD/CAM system. Methods: The mandibular first molar was selected as the abutment for the experiments. Thirty working models were prepared. VITA Mark II(VM) and VITA Enamic(VE), LAVA Ultimate(LU) blocks were milled using CEREC MCXL with CEREC 3D system to construct 10 crowns for each groups. To measure marginal gap, milled restorations were examined under digital microscope with scale under 160x magnifications. The results were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test(${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: There was no significant difference in the marginal gap regarding to ceramic materials(p>0.05). Conclusion: Single crowns fabricated using CEREC in-office CAD/CAM system provided clinically acceptable marginal gap. This confirmed that the type of ceramic material used does not determine the precision of fit of a prosthesis.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to validated the effectiveness of the information gap in work and daliy life satisfaction. Additionally, this study attempted to verify the mediating effect of self-esteem. Methods : The study examined 327 students who participated in a study on the PSWCI 1st Wave by KCOMWEL. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using the reliability test in SPSS 22.0 Ver. Moreover, hypothesis testing was analyzed with covariance based on structure equation modeling (CB-SEM) using Amos 21.0 Ver. Results : The low information gap has a positive effect on satisfaction with work and daily life. Additionally, self-esteem also has a positive effect on each satisfaction measure. However, self-esteem does not have a mediating effect between information gap and each satisfaction measure. Conclusions : The results of the study found the factor of effect on effect factor on beneficiary's satisfaction of industrial accident compensation insurance. Therefore, new ways need to be found that reduce the information gap and increase self-esteem.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 1980

X-ray grid is the most important means to reduce the scattered ray from patients, but alternative way is air gap technique that is another name of Groedel technique. This technique is mainly used in chest radiography. Authors performed an experimental study on the air gap technique for chest radiography and obtained the results as follows; 1. In using the high voltage air technique, scattered ray could be reduced effectively, while the percentage of scattered ray was slightly increased than conventional grid technique. 2. In film contrast, 30cm air gap technique was inferior to 12:1 grid technique and contrast improvement was increased when the object was thicker and higher voltage was used. 3. The patient exposure dose was reduced about $25{\sim}45%$ compared with conventional grid technique by air gap technique used.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2023

Objectives: The budget gap in the health sector of local governments affects the supply of health services, which can cause the health gap. This study classified local governments according to their financial characteristics, such as local financial independence and health budget level. It analyzed the health behaviors and disease prevalence of local residents to examine the effect of local government financial investment on the health of local residents. Methods: To classify types according to the financial characteristics of local governments, financial independence and the health budget data for 17 local governments were collected from the local fiscal yearbook of the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The prevalence of chronic diseases and healthy behavior was compared using the 16,333 data of adults between the ages of 30 and 65 years among the original data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2020). Results: Cluster analysis was used to classify local governments into five clusters according to the health financial capacity type. A comparison of the prevalence of local residents by cluster revealed a similar prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, the obesity rate (P < 0.01), high-risk drinking rate (P < 0.01), aerobic physical activity rate (P < 0.001), and healthy eating practice rate (P < 0.001) were significantly different. In addition, an analysis of the odds ratio based on the Seoul area revealed a higher risk of health behavior of non-Seoul residents. Conclusions: It is necessary to review the universal health promotion project budget considering the degree of regional financial vulnerability from the viewpoint of health equity to narrow the health gap among regions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.123-123
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• 2003

Primary cultures of rat fetus brain exhibit phenotypes of neuron, oligodendrocyte, and astrocyte from "neurospheres". To understand the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the differentiation of neurosphere-derived astrocyte, we investigated the effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the cultured astrocyte morphology.(omitted)