• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

Purpose : This study aims to investigate into the change in muscle power, pain and muscle tension upon application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound (US) at trigger point (TrP) of the Scapular inter angle. Methods : In total of 24 human subjects that experience pain upon stimulation at the scapular inter angle were recruited. They were divided into three groups: control, ESWT and US group. Each group was subjected to appropriate stimulation three times per week for four weeks except the control group which had no restrictions in lifestyle. The ESWT group was subjected to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy with a 2 $cm^2$ head, 20 times at speed of application of 60 pulses/min and depth of intrusion of 25 mm Whereas the US group was subject to Ultra sound therapy with 1$cm^2$ head, 1 MHz in frequency, 1.5 W/$cm^2$ of strength with five minutes of continuous application. Measurements were performed immediately prior to and at the end of the experiment. Results : There was no statistical significance in the change in muscle tension and muscle power as well as the difference between both groups before and after the experiment. VAS and VRS, all of which indicates changes in pain level, had statistically significant differences between them in pretest posttest comparisons. However, ESWT was superior to US in terms of decreasing muscle tension and pain while increasing muscle power. Conclusion : This study has made it evident that ESWT is far more reasonable to apply to TrP.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2017

Objective: This paper presents a study to evaluate the WBGT index for assessing the effects of a wide range of outdoor weather conditions on human responses. Background: The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index was firstly developed for the assessment of hot outdoor conditions. It is a recognised index that is used world-wide. It may be useful over a range of outdoor conditions and not just for hot climates. Method: Four group experiments, involving people performing a light stepping activity, were conducted to determine human responses to outside conditions in the U.K. They were conducted in September 2007 (autumn), December 2007 (winter), March 2008 (spring) and June 2008 (summer). Environmental measurements included WBGT, air temperature, radiant temperature (including solar load), humidity and wind speed all measured at 1.2m above the ground, as well as weather data measured by a standard weather station at 3m to 4m above the ground. Participants' physiological and subjective responses were measured. When the overall results of the four seasons are considered, WBGT provided a strong prediction of physiological responses as well as subjective responses if aural temperature, heart rate and sweat production were measured. Results: WBGT is appropriate to predict thermal strain on a large group of ordinary people in moderate conditions. Consideration should be given to include the WBGT index in warning systems for a wide range of weather conditions. However, the WBGT overestimated physiological responses of subjects. In addition, tenfold Borg's RPE was significantly different with heart rate measured for the four conditions except autumn (p<0.05). Physiological and subjective responses over 60 minutes consistently showed a similar tendency in the relationships with the $WBGT_{head}$ and $WBGT_{abdomen}$. Conclusion: It was found that either $WBGT_{head}$ or $WBGT_{abdomen}$ could be measured if a measurement should be conducted at only one height. The relationship between the WBGT values and weather station data was also investigated. There was a significant relationship between WBGT values at the position of a person and weather station data. For UK daytime weather conditions ranging from an average air temperature of $6^{\circ}C$ to $21^{\circ}C$ with mean radiant temperatures of up to $57^{\circ}C$, the WBGT index could be used as a simple thermal index to indicate the effects of weather on people. Application: The result of evaluation of WBGT might help to develop the smart clothing for workers in industrial sites and improve the work environment in terms of considering workers' wellness.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

목 적 : 두경부 환자 토모 치료 시 위치 보정한 좌표값을 이용한 환자의 Setup 변화율을 후향적 평가를 하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 2010년 01월에서 2012년12월까지 토모테라피 치료를 받은 두경부 환자 중 무작위(95)로 샘플링하여 3그룹으로 정리하였다. 그룹 1(32)Brain, 그룹2(28)Maxillar, Nasal cavity, 그룹3(35) Nosopharynx(NPX), Tongue, Tonsil, Oropharynx(OPX)로 분류하였다. 3그룹 간에 있어 X 축, Y 축, Z 축 오차, Roll, 체중변화, Vector를 변수로 하여, 30회 치료기간 중 반복측정에 의한 통계적 검정을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 통계적 검정 결과 fraction에 따른 차이는 x축(p=0.458), y축(0.989)은 차이가 없었으며 z축(p=0.001), roll(p=0.037), 체중변화(p<0.001), Vector(p<0.001)은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 fraction에 따라 3그룹간의 패턴은 x축(p=0.430), roll(p=0.299)은 차이가 없었으며 y축(0.023), y축(0.023), 체중변화(p=0.001), Vector(p=0.028)은 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 후향적 평가를 시행한 결과 그룹3즉, Y, Z, 체중변화, Vector 변화에 대하여 알 수 있었고 Low neck을 포함한 치료 시 Random error가 커짐을 통계적 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.468-482
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• 1998

Since the concept of osseointegration was introduced by Branemark of Sweden, dental implants have been used for various dental prosthetic treatments. The survival rate of dental implant is likely to be closely related to the total biomechanical role of each component of implant system. The use of interchangeable component is very attractive for dental practitioners because such an approach would save treatment cost, flexibility of prosthetic treatment options as well as conveniences. Therefore, the use of interchangeable implant system has been increasing without scientific assessment of safety and efficacy of various interchangeable implant system. The purpose of this study, therefore, were to compare the geometric characteristic of four interchangeable dental implant screws and the loosening torque of these screws. Four types of dental implant screws tested in this study were Nobelpharma, 3i, Impla-med, Restore. Four screws each of the test specimens were subjected for scanning electron microscopic examinations under the same condition and a 35x magnified standard SEM picture was objected from each test specimen using JSM-5200 scanning microscope. From each of the SEM pictures, eight parameters. i.e., diameter of screw head. screw length, thread pitch, major diameter. neck diameter, neck length, crest width and root width were determined using a caliper. The measurement for each parameters were then corrected for their magnification factor. The loosening torque were also determined by using a torque gauge. All of the measurements were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and multiple range test. Statistical significance was set in advance at the probability level of less than 0.05. All analyses were done with SPSS software for the personal computer. The conclusion obtained from this studies were summarized as the following; 1. No statistically significances were noted in the thread pitch. and crest width in the four screws, and in the case of major diameter, the Impla-med screw was significantly smaller than the other three screws (p<0.05). Therefore, four implant bolts could be physically inserted in a abutment nuts. 2. The diameter of screw head was decreased in the order of Restore, 3i, Nobelpharma, Impla-med screws and the length of screws were decreased in the order of 3i, Restore, Nobelpharma and Impla-med. The diameter of neck was decreased in the order of Impla-med, Restore. Nobelpharma, 3i screws. The differences of each of these parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). The width of root of screws were decreased in the order of Nobelpharma, Impla-med, Restore and 3i. The differences among Nobelpharma and Impla-med. Restore and 3i were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. When the screws were loosening 1, 3, 4 and 5 times, the loosening torque for Impla-med and 3i screws were significantly higher than that of Nobelpharma or Restore screws (p<0.05). However, when statistically smaller than that of 3i, Restore or Nobelpharma screws(p<0.05).

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2017

목적: 본 연구 목적은 이상적인 임플란트 근원심적 식립 위치 결정에 필요한 정보를 제공하기 위해서 콘빔형 전산화단층영상(cone-beam CT)을 사용하여 건강한 자연치열에서 백악-법랑 경계부와 치조골 흡수를 가정한 그 하방 2 mm에서 전치, 소구치, 대구치의 치간거리를 평가하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 원광대학교 치과대학병원에서 cone-beam CT를 촬영한 건강한 치열의 200명 환자를 선정하였다. Cone-beam CT 이미지를 DICOM (digital imaging and communication in medicine) 파일로 전환하여, 3차원 영상으로 재구성하였고, cone-beam CT 이미지를 표준화하기 위하여 head reorientation을 시행한 후, 전용 소프트웨어를 이용해 재구성된 파노라마 이미지를 얻었다. 모든 계측은 3명의 치과의사에 의해 최적화된 파노라마 이미지 상에서 시행되었다. 결과: 백악-법랑 경계부에서 상악 평균 치간거리는 전치 1.84 mm, 소구치 2.07 mm, 대구치 2.08 mm 그리고 하악은 전치 1.55 mm, 소구치 2.20 mm, 대구치 2.36 mm였다. 백악-법랑 경계부 하방 2 mm에서 상악 평균 치간거리는 전치 2.19 mm, 소구치 2.51 mm, 대구치 2.60 mm 그리고 하악은 전치 1.86 mm, 소구치 2.53 mm, 대구치 3.01 mm였다. 결론: 자연치열에서 치간거리는 전치부보다는 구치부에서 더 컸으며, 백악-법랑 경계부보다 그 하방 2 mm에서 더 크게 나타났다. 전 치열에서 가장 좁은 곳은 하악 전치, 가장 넓은 곳은 하악 대구치였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2007

본 연구는 MDCT (multi-detector computed tomography) 파라미터 변화에 따른 환자선량을 측정하고 평가 하고자 하였다. MDCT 파라미터의 다양한 변화에 의한 환자선량은 MDCT (GE light speed plus 4 slice, USA)와 model 2026C electrometer (RADICAL 2026C, USA), 그리고 head와 body의 CT선량 표준팬텀(standard polymethylmethacrylate)을 사용하여 측정 하였다. 그 결과 환자선량 $CTDI_w$ 값은 관전압과 관전류가 증가할수록 선형적으로 증가하였고 beam collimation이 증가 할수록 감소하였다. 따라서 관전압, 관전류는 환자의 피폭선량에 직접적인 영향을 주고 슬라이스 두께는 영향이 적은 것을 알 수 있었다. 임상의 전형적인 MDCT 복부 scan에서 120 kVp, 180 mAs, 20 mm collimation과 0.75 pitch의 조건하에 $CTDI_w$와 $CTDI_{vol}$의 측정값은 각각 20.2 mGy, 26.9 mGy이었고 스캔 길이가 271.3 mm인 환자의 DLP와 유효선량은 각각 $729.1\;mGy{\cdot}cm$, 10.9 mSv였다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2013

자유면대수층의 수리전도도와 전기비저항 사이의 상관관계를 도출하기 위하여 입자크기가 비교적 균일한 주문진표 준사와 여러 가지 입자크기의 유리구슬을 대상으로 정수위 투수 시험과 전기비저항 측정을 실시하였다. 첫 번째 실험에서는 주문진표준사의 입자배열의 변화에 따라서 그리고 두 번째 실험에서는 유리구슬의 입도 변화에 따라서 공극률, 수리전도도, 전기비저항간의 변화를 파악하였다. 그 결과, 첫 번째 실험에서는 주문진표준사의 다짐정도가 커질수록 공극의 크기와 공극률은 감소하기 때문에, 수리전도도는 작아지고 전기비저항은 커지는 경향을 보였다. 두 번째 실험에서는 유리구슬의 입자크기가 커질수록 공극의 크기는 커지지만 공극률은 작아졌으며, 수리전도도와 전기비저항은 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 입자배열이 입방체 배열에서 능면체 배열로 변화할 때 수리전도도와 전기비저항은 반비례관계를 나타내는 반면, 입자 크기가 커지면 수리전도도와 전기비저항은 비례관계를 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 폴리머
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2010

본 실험에서는 일련의 poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide)(또는 -poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide))이중블록 공중합체들을 D,L-lactide(또는 glycolide)의 고리열림 중합에 의해 합성하고, 당뇨병 치료제 일종인 rosiglitazone의 가용화를 위한 고분자 미셀 제형으로서의 특성을 평가하였다. 고체분산법을 이용하여 높은 봉입률의 약물함유 미셀 제형을 효과적으로 제조하였고, 미셀 제형의 수용액 내 안정성을 hydrotropic agent의 일종인 2-hydroxy-N-picolylnitinamide(HPNA)의 사용으로 더욱 향상시킬 수 있었다. 생체 외 세포생존평가에서 생체적합성과 낮은 독성을 보였고, 쥐를 이용한 동물실험에서도 약물을 함유한 고분자 미셀이 약물 대조군보다 혈당을 보다 효과적으로 감소시켰다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1980

A dietary survey of 100 children, aged 5 to 6, of Y.C. Kindergarten located in Yowido apartment compound of Seoul, was conducted July 18 to August 21, 1979. The results are summarized as follows: General family environment: Ninety four percent of the subjects were from families having two to three children, without grandparents in the home. One hundred percent of fathers were educated at or above the college level, while 83.9% of mothers had completed college. Mothers' ages ranged from 30 to 40 years, with 58% in the $31{\sim}35$ age bracket. Nearly 60% of the fathers were office and government employees, 10% were professors and teachers, 30% were engaged in businesses and other work, while 91.3% of mothers were unemployed. Anthropometric measurements: Mean values of standing height, body weight, girth of head and girth of chest, ranged from the 75th to the 90th percentile of Korean standards. None of the subjects had anthropometric indicators below the 5th percentile, representing the malnutrition borderline, of the Korean standards; while 12%, 24%, 17% and 14% of subjects supposed the 97th percentile in standing height, body weight, girth of head, and girth of chest, respectively. Furthermore, 58% of subjects exceeded Jelliffe's standard in arm circumferences; 60%, in triceps skinfold thickness; and 14.5% of subjects exceeded 120% of the latter standard. From this data, a certain number of these children were judged to he rather overweight. Dietary intake: Mean intake per day of energy and of nutrients, excluding iron, reached or exceeded Korean recommended dietary allowances. The energy input ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 61.4 : 13.2 : 25.4, showing lower dependance on carbohydrates and higher dependance on fat for energy needs, compared with the average for Korean children of the same age group. Mean FAO-protein score of each subject's diet was shown to be as high as 90.6. Energy intake was divided among breakfast, lunch, and evening meal, on the average, in a ratio of 19.6 : 24.1 : 23.0. Approximately 33.3% of the daily caloric intake came from the snacks. Nutrition Knowledge of mothers: Nutrition knowledge of mothers was highly scored. Mothers' self-evaluations of their knowledge of nutrition was highly correlated with attitudes toward nutrition behavior.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2016

본 연구는 신생아 중환자실에 입원한 미숙아를 대상으로 캥거루식 접촉이 미숙아의 신체발달, 외부환경 적응, 어머니의 역할수행 자신감에 미치는 효과를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구대상은 B광역시에 소재한 1개 종합병원에서 제왕절개분만을 한 미숙아와 미숙아 어머니로서 캥거루식 접촉을 시행 한 실험군 19명과 캥거루식 접촉을 하지 않은 대조군 19명이다. 자료수집기간은 2013년 6월 1일부터 2015년 6월 30일까지이며, 실험군에게 캥거루식 접촉을 하루 3회(1회 60분), 총 10회를 실시하였다. 미숙아의 신체발달(체중, 신장, 머리둘레)과 외부환경 적응(체온, 심박동수, 산소포화도)을 캥거루식 접촉 전에 측정하였고, 중재를 제공한 후 다시 측정하였다. 어머니 역할수행 자신감은 자가보고식 설문지로 측정하였다. 연구결과 캥거루식 접촉을 시행한 실험군과 접촉을 시행하지 않은 대조군 간의 차이에서 미숙아의 신체발달은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며(체중 t=-0.83, p=.21 신장 t=-0.34, p=.37, 머리둘레 t=1.29, p=.10), 외부환경 적응에서 산소포화도가 유의한 차이가 있었다(t=2.27, p=.02). 미숙아 어머니의 역할수행 자신감은 유의한 차이가 없었다(t=-0.41, p=.34). 결론적으로 캥거루식 접촉은 미숙아의 외부환경 적응에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.