• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1644-1652
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• 2022

In the case of safety training where practical training is impossible due to risk problems, training contents using realistic media such as virtual reality or augmented reality are becoming a new alternative. In this paper, we propose a smoke modeling method that can be applied to safety-training contents implemented with realistic media technology. When an accident occurs in a hazardous area such as a petrochemical plant, visibility is not secured due to gas leakage and fire. In order to create such a situation, it is important to realistically express smoke. The proposed method is a smoke model implementation technique that can be effectively applied to the background of complex passages and devices such as petrochemical plants. In the proposed method, the smoke is expressed using volumetric rendering in the post-processing stage for the resulting image of scene rendering. Implementation results in the background of the factory show that the proposed method produces models that can express the smoke realistically.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.526-534
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• 2008

To determine the trace level of synthetic and natural hormones in food, the improvement of official analytical method and new development of simultaneous determination of hormones were established. On the basis of developed analytical method, the background level of natural hormones and distribution of residual hormones were monitored in meat. Target hormones were six natural hormones such as estrogens ($17{\beta}$-estradiol, $17{\alpha}$-estradiol, estrone), androgens ($17{\beta}$-testosterone, $17{\alpha}$-testosterone), and gestagens (progesterone) and three synthetic hormones such as DES, zeranol, and taleranol. These hormones were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Newly developed multi-residue analysis method was applied for meat sample which were collected from market in the capital region and monitored the presence of residues of synthetic and natural steroid hormones. No residue of synthetic hormones were detected and endogenous level of progesterone was detected in cattle, pig and liver samples tested.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2023

Due to the characteristics of ship structure, the compartment structure is complicated and narrow, so safety accidents frequently occur during the work process. The main causes of accidents include structural collisions, falling objects, toxic substance leaks, fires, explosions, asphyxiation, and more. Understanding the on-site conditions of workers during accidents is crucial for mitigating damages. In order to ensure safety, the on-site situation is monitored using CCTV in the ship, but it is difficult to prevent accidents with the existing method. To address this issue, a smart safety helmet equipped with location identification and voice/video communication capabilities is being developed as a safety technology. Additionally, the smart safety helmet incorporates environmental sensors for temperature, humidity, vibration, noise, tilt (gyro sensor), and gas detection within the work area. These sensors can notify workers wearing the smart safety helmet of hazardous situations. By utilizing the smart safety helmet and environmental sensors, the safety of workers aboard ships can be enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

Anyone who wants to install local ventilation system must obtain a permission from the Ministry of Employment and Labor even if he has permission from the Ministry of Environment. This is because not only the Atmospheric Environmental Protection Act, but also the manufacturing industry's hazardous risk prevention plan under Article 48 Clause 2 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act is to be submitted by 15 days before the construction. Under the current Environmental Protection Act, the Ministry of Environment regulates only the emission of pollutants from local exhaust ventilation systems into the atmosphere and the contents of workers' safety and health within industrial sites are managed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Even with the approval of the Ministry of Environment, the number of unsuccessful cases by the Ministry of Employment and Labor has increased, causing a growing discontent among the sites due to production delays and additional costs of improvement. In addition, local exhaust systems that are at greater risk of fire explosion have increased the risk of severe industrial accidents due to fire explosion. This is due to insufficient design of air volume, control speed, return speed, duct size, and risk of fire explosion. This is because the criteria and procedures for approval of local exhaust ventilation systems are similar, but the Industrial Safety and Health Act adds additional screening items for safety and safety of workers and fire and explosion. In this study, the Environment Ministry and the Employment and Labor Ministry seek to find a reasonable way to operate the system by comparing local exhaust ventilation system installation approval standards.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.95-103
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• 2017

A lot of hazardous materials have been used for product processing and utility plant. Many accidents including toxic release, fire and explosions occur in the ammonia related facility and plant. Various safety and environment management program including PSM, SMS, ORA etc. are being implemented for risk management and accident prevention in the production industry. Also much study and research have been carried about risk assessment of accident scenario in the academic and research area. In this paper, firstly risk level was assessed by using a typically used KORA program and LOPA PFD method for the selected ammonia unloading and storage facility. And then risk reduction measures for the risk assessed facility were studied in 3 aspects and some measures were proposed. Those Risk Reduction measures are including a leak detection and emergency isolation, water spray, dilution tank, dike and trench, scattering protection in hardware impovement aspect, and a applicable risk criteria, conditional modifier for existing LOPA PFD, alternative supporting modeling program in risk estimation methodology aspect, and last RBPS(Risk Based Process Safety) program, re-doing of process hazard analysis, management system compliance audit in managerial activity aspect.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1994

Introduction : Recently, water and environmental pollution becomes serious social problem and high technology makes this pollution accelerate. Hydrogen sulfide, the main subject of our research, is one of the most dangerous air pollutant like SO$_x$ and NO$_x$. The major contaminant in coal gasification is H$_2$S, which is very toxic, hazardous and extremely corrosive. Therefore, control of hydrogen sulfide to a safe level is essential. Although commercial desulfurization process called liquid scrubbing is effective for removal of H$_2$S, it has drawbacks, the loss of sensible heat of the gas and costly wastewater treatment. Many investigations are carried out about high-temperature removal ol H$_2$S in hot coal-derived gas using metal oxide or mixed metal qxide sorbents. It was reported that ZnO was very effective sorbent for H2S removal, but it has big flaw to vaporize elemental zinc above 600\ulcorner \ulcorner As alternative, metal oxides such as CaO, $Fe_2O_3$, TiO$_2$ and CuO were added to ZnO. Especially, different results are reported for $Fe_2O_3$ additive. Tamhankar et al. reported SiO$_2$ with 45 wt% $Fe_2O_3$ sorbent is favorable for removal of H$_2$S and regeneration.

• Clean Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

There have been great attentions on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) due to their advantageous characteristics such as zero emission of hazardous pollutant and high energy density. In this work, we evaluated degradation phenomena and stability of single cell performance via one dimensional single cell modeling. Here, CO poisoning on anode on anode was considered for cell performance degradation. Modeling results showed that the performance and stability were highly degraded with CO concentration in fuel gas. In addition, cell performance was reduced by slow oxygen reduction on cathode in long term operation. In order to overcome, it is required to increase ratio o#hydrogen in the fuel gas of anode and high Pt loading contained in the cathodic catalyst layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2000

Performance characteristics of a wet air cleaning system were investigated experimentally, and discussed in relation with physicochemical properties of the target pollutants. The system is composed of an air cleaner, a separator, and a medium filter. Removal efficiency of the system was measured for ambient particles and gaseous air pollutants: $SO_2$, NO, $NO_2$, HCHO, and $NH_3$. For particle removal test, particles were introduced into the system through a fan, and the particle size distribution was measured at three locations by using two laser particle counters. Particle removal efficiency for each system component was obtained from the particle size distribution. It was found that the separator primarily removed coarse particles greater than $5{\mu}m$ in diameter, and that the medium filter mainly removed fine particles less than $5{\mu}m$ in diameter. For gas removal test, air with gaseous air pollutant was injected into the outlet of the fan, and the concentration was measured both at the upstream of the air cleaner and at the downstream of the separator. It was found that the gaseous species with high Henry's law coefficients, such as $SO_2$, HCHO, and $NH_3$, showed high removal efficiency, but the gaseous species with low Henry's law coefficients, such as NO and $NO_2$, showed low removal efficiencies. It was also found that negative ions were generated from the air cleaner.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.42-50
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• 2013

With the rapid change of industry and the development of science and technology, more than 100,000 industrial chemicals are being used and 2,000 new materials are developed every year. Chemical products have had favorable influence on our daily life and contributed very much to the prosper of human culture. But some materials are inherently poisonous and dangerous. Korea ranks as the number 7 in world's chemical products market and the chemical sector is contributing to the economic revival through importing and exporting of the products. With the increasing domestic as well as international interests about REACH and GHS, the need for the effective and efficient chemical material management system is getting bigger and bigger. In this research, we compare the criteria in UN GHS and Safety Control of Dangerous Substances Act of Korea for the development of global standard test methods and the classification and labelling for the chemicals, and suggest an advancement plan for the introduction of the GHS in a building block approach. In addition, providing the harmonized information about chemical hazards is suggested for the elimination of international trade barriers for chemical industries.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2020

Performance of a portable GC that can be utilized for the real time determination of volatile organic compounds in air was evaluated. It employs purified/compressed ambient air as the carrier gas eliminating the need for high pressure gas tanks. The compact system with dimensions of 35 × 26 × 15 ㎤ and weight of 5 kg is powered by either a 24 V DC external adapter or battery pack. Chromatograms of the mixture sample including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and oxylene at concentrations of 1 ppmv and 20 ppmv represent a good reproducibility: 3.79% and 0.48% relative standard deviations (RSDs) for peak area variations; 0.40% and 0.08% RSDs for retention times. The method detection limit was 0.09 ppmv. A 30 m long, 0.28 mm I.D. column operated at an optimal condition yielded a peak capacity of 61 with good resolution for a 10 min isothermal analysis. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the peak area variations and retention times during consecutive measurements over 27 h were less than 2.4%RSD and 0.5%RSD, respectively. Thus, this instrument makes it suitable for continuous and field analysis of low-concentration VOC mixtures in the indoor/outdoor environment as well as the spillage accident of hazardous chemicals.