• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to define and analyze the expectations of middle-aged woman to their spouse. Methods: A sample of 39 middle-aged women was recruited from the workplace, religious organization and acquaintances. The survey was conducted with participants using self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Q methodology. Results: There were four different types of expectations of middle-aged women. First type was "Collaborative and self-development type," meaning that women developed self and were collaborated with their family or spouses. The second type was "Maintain their own life" meaning that women recognized and maintained their expertise without interference from their spouses. The third one was "Respect for the inner value" meaning that women gave continued respect and understanding their inner value. The last one was "Realistic acceptance" meaning that women kept the current situation without implementing new self-development type. Conclusion: There is a subjective structure within the types of expectations of middle-aged women for a life of happiness to the spouse.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.105-123
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a child's demographic variables and maternal perceptions of the conditions of happiness on their happiness for mothers. The participants of this study comprised 916 mothers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. The results revealed that a child's age and the numbers of children influenced maternal happiness when mothers' demographic variables were controlled. In addition, mothers who exhibited high degree of need in terms of the conditions of happiness regarding existence, relatedness, and growth were more likely to be happy than mothers who exhibited low degree of needs. Finally, the expectations regarding growth, which refers to the pursuit of self-accomplishment and meaning, was the most important predictor of maternal happiness. These findings have implications for parent education programs for mothers of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2000

Everyone lives in a home. We pursue happiness and the meaning of life through home life or family life. Home life, therefore, has an important meaning in the whole life, But home life can be sustained only through housework and wage labor. All human activities can be divided into two kinds of activities. The one has intrinsic value, the other has extrinsic value. Housework belongs to the activity with intrinsic value, but wage labor belongs to the activity with extrinsic value. In view of home life, housework has primary meaning, and wage labor has subsidiary meaning. In other words, wage labor is only means of home life. We mush not forget that important fact. But we cannot help thinking that nowadays people consider wage labor itself as an aim of life. It is said that we are achieving self-actualization through wage labor, but it is not ture. To tell the truth, most of us are experiencing self-alienation in job. We must recover the legitimate relation between housework and wage labor. Wage labor is means of home life, therefore it is on the extension line of housework. If we achieve happiness through home life, we must recognize that wage labor is only means of home life, not an end in itself.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.399-413
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• 2015

This study was to validate the WSSECT (Workplace Spirituality Scale for Early Childhood Teacher) using discriminant analysis on early childhood teachers' happiness and job satisfaction. The data from 504 teachers working at kindergartens and daycare centers were analyzed statistically through t-test and discriminant analysis. The results indicated that 1) the higher group in workplace spirituality significantly gets more scores of happiness and job satisfaction than the lower group, 2) 4 factors of the WSSECT have discriminant power on early childhood teachers' happiness, and 3) 2 factors ('meaning for life' and 'calling for ECE teacher job') of the WSSECT are effective to discriminate early childhood teachers' job satisfaction. Further statistical works are supplementary needed to validate the WSSECT and to increase its'feasibility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.492-504
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning and essence of happiness by exploring and describing career nurses' lived experiences. Methods: Qualitative research was used in this study. Hospital nurses who had 3~5 years of experience in the clinical setting were interviewed and the data were analysed using Giorgi's phenomenological method. Results: Six main meanings and seventeen themes emerged. The six main meanings were as follows: self-confidence as a professional nurse, passion for self-realization, feeling of satisfaction in performance of nursing care, being grateful for working environment, emotional intimacy in interpersonal relationships, and taking delight and pleasure in leisure life. Conclusion: The results of this study provide deep understanding of happiness as positive experiences that increase job satisfaction and aid retention to the nursing profession. These results can be used in the development of effective strategies to improve and expand nurses' happiness.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2024

This study studied the life experiences of story grandmother activities on the meaning of a happy life and positive growth for the elderly through phenomenology. This study period was conducted with pre-interviews from March 2021, and research was conducted until July 2022. As for the research method, 9 elderly women were selected as a Colaizzi phenomenological research method suitable for the work of exploring and understanding life as it is, and the following conclusions were drawn. First, the happiness experience of the elderly provides a life that responds to positive changes, gives positive meaning, and actively discovers in a desire-ful life, a comparative life, and a adaptation and coping happy life. Second, the elderly experienced the meaning of life by experiencing the happiness of moments in the self-realized life of the upward · downward theory. Third, the growth of the elderly is a happy change in PERMAS of positive psychology, pursuing life with positive emotions, immersion, and positively related meaning and purpose of life, and growing while looking at life with achievement and strength. Since this study targets elderly women aged 65 or older who are engaged in story grandmother activities, there is a limit to generalizing the research results, so it is suggested to study the growth process of more diverse age groups and various types of volunteer activities in the future.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.241-250
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• 2009

This study examines that how can we pursuit the happiness through sport activities. For achieves this purpose, focusing specifically on what is happiness, physical happiness process and psychological happiness process. Therefore, this study was started that sport have an influence of individual's physical and psychological health. The conclusions of this study are like that: Individual's participation in sport is very important. Sport experience requires understanding of inherent meaning attached to sport and ongoing efforts to acquire wisdom to capitalize on sport in an appropriate manner. Sport experience should be deemed as a means of serious activities and pursuit of happiness. In sport participants, someone's age is not meaningful. As getting old, a sport participate rates and happiness are increasing. Especially, In aging society, This facts are very meaningful. Therefore Sport participation is closely related to the perceived quality of life and happiness. It can be further suggested that physically active sport-leisure participation rather than passive or sedentary leisure involvement increases perceived quality of life and happiness. Happiness is life itself.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.25-45
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore socio-demographic factors, personality factors, socio-psychological factors, and relationship factors related to happiness of young children's fathers. Method: Subjects of this study were fathers who had 3, 4 and 5 years old children attending childcare centers. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program. Results: First, father's subjective well-being was predicted by father's extraversion of personality, job satisfaction, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Marital intimacy was the strongest predictor of father's subjective well-being. Second, father's global life satisfaction was associated with occupational status, family monthly income, father's extraversion of personality, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Father's global life satisfaction was explained by satisfaction of economic status the most. Third, father's meaning of life was related to father's educational level, father's extraversion of personality, job satisfaction, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Father's meaning of life was explained by relationship with child the most. Fourth, father's positive emotion was predicted by father's extraversion of personality, job satisfaction, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Extraversion of personality was the strongest predictor for father's positive emotion. Fifth, neuroticism of personality and marital intimacy were related to father's negative emotion, and neuroticism of personality was the strongest predictor for father's negative emotion. Conclusions: The findings of this research provide the fundamental source for increasing father's happiness which can be used to establish the educational programs, counseling, and policy on general public's happiness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.171-182
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• 2017

Most people seek a happy life and happiness positively affects sentiment, satisfaction with life, creativity, human relationship, business productivity, and even health and life extension. However, according to a survey in 2013, subjective happiness of adolescents (including university students) was very low compared to other age groups in Korea. Therefore this paper examined the effects of job-seeking stress, appearance recognition, financial situation, trust in government, and locus of control on university students' happiness using SEM (structural equation modeling). 207 university students in Seoul, Korea have been surveyed. At first, an initial experimental SEM model among these variables has been set up and reliability analysis has been conducted. Then multiple regression analyses on job-seeking stress and happiness as well as SEM analysis have been conducted. As a result of these analyses, the SEM model has been revised two times. The final SEM model passed the goodness-of-fit test (using RMR, GFI, NFI, CFI, and IFI indices). The final SEM model showed the followings. First, Higher job-seeking stress (especially sentimental part, rather than environment or action related parts) negatively affects happiness. Second, Trust in government also affects happiness both directly and indirectly. Third, Locus of control is affected both by trust in government and financial situation. Fourth, appearance recognition heavily affects job-seeking stress. In addition, appearance importance is higher than appearance interest, meaning that students who are not very interested in appearance usually recognize the importance of appearance. Finally, happiness is affected neither financial situation nor appearance recognition. Therefore, even either they are in a poor financial situation or not happy with their appearance, they can be happy if they have firm locus of control.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1076-1088
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• 2016

This study was to validate the WSBS_PECT (Workplace Spirituality Belief Scale for Prospective Early Childhood Teacher) using discriminant analysis on prospective early childhood teachers' happiness and career maturity. The data from 523 prospective early childhood teachers were analyzed statistically through t-test and binary logistic regression model. The results indicated that 1) the higher group in workplace spirituality belief significantly gets more scores of happiness and career maturity than the lower group, 2) 1 factors of the WSBS_PECT has discriminant power on prospective early childhood teachers' happiness, and 3) 2 factors ('meaning for life' and 'belief on calling for ECE teacher job') of the WSBS_PECT are effective to discriminate prospective early childhood teachers' career maturity. Further statistical works are supplementary needed to validate the WSBS_PECT and to increase its' feasibility.