• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2008

Both hand-made and machine-made Chinese noodles are popular in Korea. In this study, each type was evaluated in terms of its physical properties to rigorously determine for consumers which one has better qualities. The noodles were instrumentally measured for color, size, moisture content, density, viscoelasticity, and cutting force. The behaviors of the noodles were visually observed during cooking, and sensory evaluations were performed with the cooked noodles. The hand-made raw noodles were less dense, had higher moisture content, and generated more bubbles during cooking than the machine-made noodles. This indicated that the hand-made noodles contained more entrapped air, thereby resulting in the above physical characteristics. The change in noodle size after cooking was greater in the hand-made noodles, indicating that more entrapped air in expansion escaped during cooking and was replaced by water. The cutting force and viscoelasticity of the hand-made noodles were lower, and were controlled by viscous properties, respectively. These results agreed with the fact that the hand-made noodles had higher moisture content and lower density. In the sensory evaluation, the hand-made noodles presented lower hardness, but higher elasticity. It was inferred that the hand-made noodle dough underwent repeated processes of folding and extending, resulting in better developed of the gluten structure. Consequently, the hand-made noodles were determined to be different than the machine-made noodles in terms of instrumental measurements and sensory observations, suggesting that the hand-made noodles had superior textural properties.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-74
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• 1996

In the today, regarded as a science on photography, the role of the lens and sensitized is important. In this research, we manufactured a hand-made lens which is based on the general purpose lens, and made a diapgragm. We measured the quantity of light and resolving power, and take pictures with it. The purpose of this research is to figure out the characteristics of our hand-made lens and maximize its usefulness. The result showed that (1) quantity of light and resolving power through hand-made lens are distributed constant. (2)Our lens had the characteristics of a soft lens and (3)it had much chromatic abberation. Therefore, we found that the hand-made lens is th acquire visual image such as the effects of a specialized lens.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.367-372
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• 1992

To investigate the effect of neck collars for the protection of self-mutilation, attainable sites of the body in dogs with collars and durability of collars were examined for 7 days. The collars used in the present experiment were hand made plastic basket collar, IASIS$\^$R/ ( heat moldable plastics), commerical plastic and cardboard collars The hand made plastic basket collar was made of basket which could buy at any supermarkets. The dogs with hand made plastic basket collar and IASIS$\^$R/ which was cast from the neck to the scapular region could lick only on digits of the forelimb. However, the dogs with commercial plastic and cardboard collars could lick not only the digits of forelimb but femur and digits of the hindlimb. It was suggested that hand made plastic basket collar was superior to the other collars in easiness of putting, durability, protection of self mutilation and economy.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.828-837
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and the hand of bast/man made fiber mixed fabrics compared to linen. The mixed fabrics were made by rayon, polyester and modal fiber as warp yarn, and ramie, flax, rayon/flax and cotton/flax as weft yarn. The crease resistance, drape, tensile strength/extension, water absorbancy and warmth retention were measured for test fabrics. The mechanical properties were measured by Kawabata system, and the hand value was calculated by previously developed equation. The results obtained from this study were as follows: The crease resistance and drape properties of bast/man made fiber mixed fabrics were improved compared to those of linen. The tensile strength of polyester/bast fiber mixed fabrics increased compared to those of linen, but rayon/bast and modal/bast fiber mired fabrics decreased. The extension of all mixed fabrics was increased compared to that of linen. The rayon/ramie and modal/ramie mixed fabrics showed lower warmth retention than linen. The mixed fabrics used rayon and modal as warp yarn showed higher water absorbancy than linen. The Koshi and Hari hand value of all mixed fabrics showed lower than those of linen. Fukurami hand value showed little difference between mixed fabrics and linen. Shari, Kishimi, and Shinayakasa hand value of rayon/bast and modal/bast fiber mixed fabrics showed higher than those of linen.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1366-1375
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• 2008

This studies were carried out in order to develope environmentally-friendly fiber materials and substitute resources of Paper mulberry. Various plant fibers such as New Zealand flax, Indian mallow, Kuzu vine and Yucca were used as raw materials of hand-made papers. We rotted these 4 kinds of plant fibers and removed non-cellulose. After rotting, the pulping rate(%) and the length of fibers in pulps were measured. The physical characteristics of papers made of various plants fiber were investigated and the probabilities of practical use were considered. The results were as follow: The non-cellulose contents of plant fibers were $30{\sim}40%$ and those contents must be lower down to 8% to be able to manufacture the hand made papers. The lignin in pulps were removed almost and the hemicellulose were partially removed to reach up to appropriate level of the pulp rates and fiber lengths. The more hemicellulose removed, the finer fiber thickness were and rapidly the lower Hanji tensile strength were. But the tear strength of these plants of hand-made papers do not decreased so much as tensile strength. So the property of 4 types of plant fibers might be of great advantages to make hand-made papers. Both tensile and tear strengths of Hanji of New Zealand flax, Indian mallow, Kuzu vine and Yucca were higher than Paper mulberry hand-made paper. When 30% of mulberry paper were mixed, the mixing effect showed maximum. Because of the functions of all plant fiber hand-made papers showed better than those of Paper mulberry hand-made paper, 4 types of plant fibers could be substitute Paper mulberry.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2013

To evaluate the anisotropic characteristics of Korean traditional paper-Hanji, the physical and mechanical characteristics of hand-made hanji, and machine-made hanji were investigated in this research. The densities of copying paper and newsprint paper appeared to be two times higher than the densities of hand-made hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming and hanji made of paper mulberry fiber. The breaking length, and tear index of both Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming, and hand-made Hanji using Ssangbal sheet forming appeared to be different according to the directions in paper. The breaking lengths of Hanji using Owangbal sheet forming showed little differences according to the directions. Breaking length of Hanji using Ssangbal sheet were slightly higher than those of Hanji using Owangbla sheet forming. The breaking lengths of machine-made hanji, copying paper, and newsprint paper were two to four times higher than those of hand-made Hanji. The breaking length showed higher differences according to the direction than the tear index. The tensile strength according to the directions in paper showed significant differences (${\alpha}$=0.05) in all papers used in this research.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2430-2432
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• 2002

We made a master hand which can be used as tool for getting grasping data. By using the data from the master hand, we analyzed grasping patterns of human hands. Based on this analyzed results, we developed an grasping algorithm for some particular hand actions. To develop the above algorithm, we programmed a 3D simulation S/W using Visual C++. And we made a slave hand to prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.664-676
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• 2016

최근 여러 사회적인 변화에 따라 한옥에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 한옥은 수가공으로 인한 가격 상승의 큰 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 한옥 접합부의 모듈화를 위해 기계가공과 수가공과의 성능비교를 하였다. 더글라스퍼를 이용하여 두 가공법으로 실대재 주먹장을 제작하였다. 두 가공법에 대해 휨 성능을 평가하였다. 평균 최대하중은 같은 치수의 그룹을 비교했을 때 기계가공이 수가공에 비해 약 1.5배 더 높았다. 유의성 검증결과 두 가공법 모두 각 요소의 크기변화는 강도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다중회귀분석을 통해 목길이와 목두께는 최대하중과 비례 관계였으나 목너비는 반비례관계인 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 한옥 접합부를 모듈화 함에 있어 기초자료로 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2016

Recent advancements in optics technology enable us to realize fast scans of hands using two-dimensional (2D) image scanners. In this paper, we propose an automatic hand measurement system using 2D image scanners for customized glove production. To develop the automatic hand measurement system, firstly hand scanning devices has been constructed. The devices are designed to block external lights and have user interface to guide hand posture during scanning. After hands are scanned, hand contour is extracted using binary image processing, noise elimination and outline tracing. And then, 19 hand landmarks are automatically detected using an automatic hand landmark detection algorithm based on geometric feature analysis. Then, automatic hand measurement program is executed based on the automatically extracted landmarks and measurement algorithms. The automatic hand measurement algorithms have been developed for 18 hand measurements required for custom-made glove pattern making. The program has been coded using the C++ programming language. We have implemented experiments to demonstrate the validity of the system using 11 subjects (8 males, 3 females) by comparing automatic 2D scan measurements with manual measurements. The result shows that the automatic 2D scan measurements are acceptable in the customized glove making industry. Our evaluation results confirm its effectiveness and robustness.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2021

Purpose: This study explored factors affecting the purchase of fair trade hand-made products. We focused on the difference between the mediating effect of purchase intention and purchase purpose, and verified the additional effectiveness of premium prices. Research design, data and methodology: The data was collected through an online survey. The reliability and validity of each variable used in the questionnaire were verified. Then, each hypothesis was analyzed through multiple regression analysis. Results: First, individual social responsibility and purchasing experience of general fair trade products have a definitive effect on the intention of purchasing fair trade hand-made products. Second, the willingness to pay premium prices varies depending on whether it is an individual's consumption or consumption for others. Third, the higher the individual's social responsibility and experience in purchasing fair trade products, the more willing he is to pay premium prices. Fourth, the purchase intention of fair trade hand-made products is to have the effect of partial mediation. Fifth, when choosing a gift for an adult, it was determined that the consumer was willing to pay premium prices the highest amount. Conclusions: In terms of factors affecting the purchase of fair trade hand-made products at premium prices, it was confirmed that individuals' social responsibilities and purchases of fair trade general products had an impact.