• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the amount of calcium intake during late pregnancy and breastfeeding and compare the differences in the amount of calcium by subjects' characteristics. Methods: With a descriptive survey design, 121 Korean breastfeeding women were recruited in a community setting. The list of foods and drinks with calcium extracted from the study of Song and So (2007) was used to measure the amount of calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation. The subjects' characteristics were collected to identify differences in the amount of calcium intake. Results: Mean age of the women was 31 years old. Amount of calcium intake was 568mg per day during late pregnancy and 431mg per day during breastfeeding. These amounts were quite lower than a recommended dose that adult women should consume a daily minimum of 1,000mg of calcium. Women who had higher household income and attending experience for nutritional education took more calcium during breastfeeding and late pregnancy, respectively. Conclusion: More than a half of the breast-feeding women do not consume the recommended dose of calcium. Education for proper calcium consumption during pregnancy and lactation should be an additional subject in the prenatal and breastfeeding education program for women's bone health.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

LOSA is a flight safety program that analyses human errors in normal operations. Trained pilot observers monitor the normal flights at the observer seat. LOSA is a proactive non jeopardy data collection tool using threat and error management(TEM) as a framework. With the analysis of crew behaviors through LOSA with The LOSA collaborative(TLC), the airlines can identify the behaviors of the crew during normal operations. The major objective of LOSA is to measure how the crew manage threats, errors and undesired aircraft deviations in the cockpit on day to day operations. The airlines are able to set up effective TEM training with practical six generation Crew recourse management(CRM) with data of error from LOSA instead of theoretical CRM courses. The Airlines can use TEM as an integral part of a Safety Management System(SMS) and uses monitoring and cross-checking skills in the flight operations to manage threats and errors effectively when we know the errors we make in the cockpit on daily operation. The result of LOSA indicates that the error detection rate should be enhanced since around the half of the errors went undetected. The areas which should be focused for enhancing the error detection are monitor, cross-check, the management of workload, automation and taxiway/ runway to manage errors effectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1999

This study investigated the food life of 271 Korean American hoursewives residing in the New York and New Jersey metropolitan area. The objectives of this survey were to describe the food life of Koreans and to identify any demographic factors related to the food life. Most of the respondents(80.4%) considered dinner as the most important meal of the day and 97.4% preferred Korean foods for their dinner. More than half percents (54%) preferred to go out to eat at Korean restaurants. While 14.4% of the respondents reported always buying Kimchee, 47.2% of the subjects reported making their own Kimchee regularly. Although several studies showed that the food life are likely to occur spontaneously and to change constantly, most of the Korean Americans in this study appeared conservative in their food life. This study is expected to provide a baseline for a culturally specific nutrition program that would recommend immigrants to practice positive food life and nutrition behaviors. A more study about the effects of immigration on dietary patterns and diseases as well as other nutritional status would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of the constructive play of 3, 4 and 5 year-old children. The researchers used unit blocks as the instrument because they are the most representative examples of constructive play materials. The subjects were 73 children enrolled in a half-day early childhood education program. The children's block play was videotaped 8 times, for a total of 330 minutes. The videotapes were transcribed and assessments were made on the children's 233 constructions in terms of the developmental stage of block play, the variety of materials used, play duration, and play intensity. The data were analyzed through two-way ANOVA to check age and sex differences. The results showed that children's developmental stages of block play were low on the average and that girls did not show an active interest in block play. The results also implied that block play developed by play experience rather than by age. Therefore, this study was interpreted to highlight the importance of teachers' understanding, planning, and mediation of block play in order to induce high-quality constructive play.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.659-662
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• 2004

A growth trial of 60 days with 16 male buffalo calves (10 to 11 months age; 100${\pm}$7 kg live weight mean) was conducted to investigate comparative efficacy of cottonseed meal (CSM) and sunflower meal (SFM). Cottonseed meal was substituted isonitrogenously with SFM at 0, 12, 24 and 36% levels in four rations viz. A, B, C and D. Daily feed consumption was 5.07, 4.30, 4.17 and 3.20 kg, while daily weight gain was recorded to be 0.98, 0.74, 0.57 and 0.33 kg under rations A, B, C and D, respectively. In the digestibility and nitrogen balance trial using eight calves, digestibility of organic matter was 63.2, 62.9, 62.1 and 61.7, respectively. Nitrogen retained as percent of intake did not differ significantly. Sunflower meal was purchased at half the price of CSM but economics of weight gain did not favor SFM inclusion in rations. Results suggested that SFM should not be fed to buffalo calves gaining more than 0.7 kg/day.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.865-873
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• 2012

Clean plate education program was applied to change students' perception on food waste in the dormitory cafeteria of T campus G university that is located in Tongyeong, in which 408 students joined the program. From survey and food waste monitoring, it was found that clean plate education program was effective to change students' perception as well as action. Half students (50.5%) answered that their eating habit changed, and among them 30.1 % students left a little food on the plate and 13.1% students left no food behind. Many students become aware of the seriousness of food waste issue (84.5%), and 44.2% students were trying to reduce leftover. Food waste generation in cafeteria was 341.9, 576.1, 344.3g/capita/day in 2005, 2007 and 2008, respectively. And this shows that food waste generations were much less than national average data except 2007. Therefore we could conclude that clean plate education program was satisfactory to change students' perception on food and to change their action, and it could be an excellent new approach to resolve a social issue caused by food waste. In order to reduce food waste generation at dormitory cafeteria, food taste and diet should be improved and students' eating habits also should be changed. For this, a practical program like clean plate education should be organized.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.593-601
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate heat tolerance using heat tolerance indices, physiological, physical, thermographic, and hematological parameters in Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep breeds in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods: Twenty-six adult hair sheep, one and a half years old, from two genetic groups (Santa Ines: 12 males and 4 females; Morada Nova: 7 males and 3 females) were used and data (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, skin temperatures; hematological parameters) were collected during three consecutive days, twice a day (morning and afternoon), with a total of six repetitions. Also physical parameters (biometric measurements, skin and hair traits) and heat tolerance indices (temperature-humidity index, Iberia and Benezra) were evaluated. The analyses included analyses of variance, correlation, and principal components with a significance level of 5%. Results: The environmental indices, in general, indicate a situation of thermal discomfort for the animals during the afternoon. Breed significantly influenced (p<0.001) physiological and physical characteristics of skin, hair, biometric measurements and Iberia and Benezra heat tolerance indices. Santa Ines animals were bigger and had longer, greater number and darker hair, thicker skin, greater respiratory rate and Benezra index and lower Iberia index compared with Morada Nova breed. Conclusion: Although both breeds can be considered adapted to the environmental conditions of the region, Morada Nova breed is most suitable for farming in the Midwest region. The positive correlation found between the thermographic temperatures and physiological parameters indicates that this technique can be used to evaluate thermal comfort. Also, it has the advantage that animals do not have to be handled, which favors animal welfare.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.361-372
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the operation and management systems of the school food services in Korea and to provide useful data for improving the quality of the school food services. This study was conducted in school food service operations nationwide using a written questionnaire. The questionnaires were mailed to the dieticians of three types of school food service systems-conventional, commissary, and joint-management. Of the 660 schools that participated in this study, the responses from 212 conventional system, 212 commissary system and 200 joint-management system services were selected for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing the SAS/Win 6.12 program so as the provide a descriptive statistics. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: The average number of meals served per day was 1014, 738 and 695 in the conventional food service, the commissary food service and the joint-management flood service systems, respectively. Over half (58.9%) of food service facilities were utilizing computer programs for their operations. Most of the commissary flood service systems (52.4%) had a satellite school and served a maximum of 2000 meals per day. In most of the joint-management food service systems (87.1%), the number of food service schools managed was two and a maximum of 3330 meals were sewed. Only one dietician was posted irrespective of the school food service system. The mean hours of work by the dietician per day was 8.9, 8.6 and 8.6 in the conventional food service, the commissary flood service and the joint-management food service systems, respectively. The principal work functions of cook personnel were cooking and cleaning.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze physical activity as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an actigraph in breast cancer survivors, as well as to identify their intention to participate in a physical activity program. Methods: Breast cancer patients who had been diagnosed for more than six months (N=135) at a university hospital participated from June 2012 to May 2013. Physical activity was measured using the Korean version of the IPAQ-Short Form and Actigraph GT3X plus an accelerator for seven consecutive days. Data analyses were conducted using the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. Results: Mean total physical activity was 2298.21 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min/week as assessed by IPAQ and 150,140.57 counts/day as measured by an actigraph. There were statistically significant correlations between moderate physical activity from IPAQ and light intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.735, p<.001), vigorous physical activity from IPAQ and vigorous intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.871, p<.001), total physical activity from IPAQ and light intensity of physical activity from the actigraph (r=.825, p<.001), respectively. Most (80.7%) cancer survivors reported a positive attitude toward physical activity and 57.8% expressed a willingness to participate in a physical activity program. More than half (60%) of the subjects preferred walking, 80.6% preferred more than 30 minutes of exercise, and 57.1% wanted to engage in physical activity three times a week and preferred home-based activities. Perceived barriers included fatigue, lack of strength and pain. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider intensity, personal preferences, and patient-perceived barriers when developing physical activity programs for breast cancer survivors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the level of understanding of Korean children and adolescents of caries risk assessment items in order to develop caries risk assessment tools. Methods : A total of 52 parents and 108 middle and high school students were analyzed for their understanding of nine items of the CAMBRA CRA for Korean children and adolescents. The nine questions were analyzed through a Likert five-point scale. Centralized distribution analysis was conducted to compare significant differences in the three groups' understanding of the questions. Results : The evaluation of the middle school and high school students' understanding showed that four items scored less than 3.0 points. The items were "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," "Brushing below once a day," "F varnish last six months," and ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." The understanding of elementary school parents of ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly" was less than 3.0 points. In addition, as a result of comparing the averages of the three groups, a statistically significant difference (p<.05) was found for a total of five items: "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," 'Not used oral products such as floss and interdental toothbrushes," "F toothpaste 2× daily or more," "F varnish last six months," ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." Conclusion : This study was conducted to provide basic data for the development of a caries prevention program by identifying whether the caries risk assessment reconstituted in Korean style can be used for children and adolescents. More than half of the questions scored 3.0 points or higher and were generally completed. Nonetheless, a systematic program can only be completed if a plan is secured to improve repondents' understanding of the questions before a caries prevention program is developed.