• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

Objectives This study was designed to analyze the clinical studies on Mental retardation(MR) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Methods For this study, we searched the clinical studies on MR, which had been published from 2003 to 2007, through web site CNKI(中國知識基礎設施工 http://www.cnki.net). There were 17 clinical studies and we focused on those studies. Results 1. In those Chinese studies, they used following words to describe Mental retardation; 小人弱智($xi\check{a}o\acute{e}rru\grave{o}zh\grave{i}$), 智能發育不全($zh\grave{i}n\acute{e}ngf\bar{a}y\grave{u}buqu\acute{a}n$), 智力低下($zh\grave{i}l\grave{i}d\bar{i}xi\grave{a}$), 精神發育遲滯($j\bar{i}ngsh\acute{e}f\bar{a}y\grave{u}ch\acute{i}zh\grave{i}$), 智能落后($zh\grave{i}n\acute{e}nglu\grave{o}h\grave{o}u$), 智能落后($zh\grave{i}n\acute{e}ngch\acute{i}hu\check{a}n$), 失天愚型患人($xi\bar{a}nti\bar{a}ny\acute{u}x\acute{i}nghu\grave{a}n'\acute{e}r$). 2. There were many kinds of TCM treatment methods for MR, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, electroacupunture, acupoint injection, Chuna therapy, and special education. And those TCM treatments methods showed higher efficacies in the treatment of MR compared with Western medicine. 3. Mental retardation was related with the deficiency of heart, kidney, liver, spleen(心虛, 腎虛, 肝虛, 脾虛) and the pathological mechanism of Phlegm(絹) and Blood stasis(慫沂)in the studies about the Bian Zheng-the types of differential diagnosis- of MR. 4. Most of studies used Intelligence Quotient(IQ) to assess the efficacy of TCM treatment of MR. And the duration of treatment, the degree of illness, the age of patient, and the cause of illness affected the prognosis of MR. Conclusions These results suggest that traditional medicine could be one of the useful treatments on MR. And these results could be used in the clinical practices and studies on MR in Korea.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

One case of patient with urinary retention was reported in this clinical study. After the study, the results were as follows: 1. Anulesis belongs to l$\acute{o}$ng-bi(癃閉) in oriental medicine and the patient of this case belongs to chronic anulesis. 2. The patient of this case was thought as broke out anuresis by vesical nerve palsy of diabetic bladder pathy and sequela of stroke, and ischuria of long lie down 3. The patient of this case changeable process is supposed to urinary frequency, 'bi(閉)', 'l$\acute{o}$ong(癃)', urinary incontinence and urinary frequency. 4. First time of drug treatment is GAMIPHALJENG-SAN(ji$\bar{a}$-w$\grave{e}$i-b$\bar{a}$-h$\bar{e}$ng-s$\check{a}$n) by oral administration that action of alleviate a fever, water utilization and metaphase, convalescence time of drug treatment is PHALMIWANGAMI (b$\bar{a}$-w$\grave{e}$i-w$\acute{a}$n-ji$\bar{a}$-w$\grave{e}$i), YIKLUENG-TANG(yi-ling-t$\bar{a}$ng), CHUKYOO-TANG(s$\grave{u}$-ni$\grave{a}$o-t$\bar{a}$ng) that action of recreation. 5. Accupuncture treatment is s$\bar{a}$n-x$\bar{i}$ng-xuw$\acute{e}$, zw$\acute{u}$-s$\bar{a}$n-li, qi-h$\check{a}$i, gu$\bar{a}$n-yu$\acute{a}$n, zh$\bar{o}$ng-ji by mild supplementing and reducing manipulation of needle and heat accupuncture is qi-h$\check{a}$i, gu$\bar{a}$n-yu$\acute{a}$n, zh$\bar{o}$ng-ji-xu$\acute{e}$. 6. The other treatment is a sitz bath that prevent of urinary tract infection, and relieve of initial acute auresis by using of urethral catheterization.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2011

Let {$X_n$, $n{\geq}1$} be a sequence of asymptotically almost negatively associated random variables and $S_n=\sum^n_{i=1}X_i$. In the paper, we get the precise results of H$\acute{a}$jek-R$\acute{e}$nyi type inequalities for the partial sums of asymptotically almost negatively associated sequence, which generalize and improve the results of Theorem 2.4-Theorem 2.6 in Ko et al. ([4]). In addition, the large deviation of $S_n$ for sequence of asymptotically almost negatively associated random variables is studied. At last, the Marcinkiewicz type strong law of large numbers is given.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.649-659
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• 2015

The space $BV^2_{\alpha}(I)$ of all the real functions defined on interval $I=[a,b]{\subset}\mathbb{R}$, which are of bounded second ${\alpha}$-variation (in the sense De la Vall$\acute{e}$ Poussin) on I forms a Banach space. In this space we define an operator of substitution H generated by a function $h:I{\times}\mathbb{R}{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$, and prove, in particular, that if H maps $BV^2_{\alpha}(I)$ into itself and is globally Lipschitz or uniformly continuous, then h is an affine function with respect to the second variable.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.257-262
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• 1978

In this paper, we obtain two new double infinite series for the H-function of two variables, by which we also obtain a single infinite series involving the H-function of two variable3. On account of the most general nature of the H-functin of two variables, a number of related double infinite series for simpler functions follow as special cases of our results. As an illustration, we obtain here from one of our main series, the corresponding series for $Kamp{\acute{e}}$ de $F{\acute{e}}riet$ function and Fox's H-function. A number of other series involving a very large, spectrum of special functions also follow as special cases of our main series but, we are not recording them here for want of space.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2020

Ischemic and traumatic brain injuries are the major acute central nervous system disorders that need to be adequately diagnosed and treated. To find biomarkers for these acute brain injuries, plasma levels of some specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs, i.e., lipoxin A4 [LXA4], resolvin [Rv] E1, RvE2, RvD1 and RvD2), CD59 and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured at 0, 6, 24, 72, and 168 h after global cerebral ischemic (GCI) and traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in rats. Plasma LXA4 levels tended to increase at 24 and 72 h after GCI. Plasma RvE1, RvE2, RvD1, and RvD2 levels showed a biphasic response to GCI; a significant decrease at 6 h with a return to the levels of the sham group at 24 h, and again a decrease at 72 h. Plasma CD59 levels increased at 6 and 24 h post-GCI, and returned to basal levels at 72 h post-GCI. For TBI, plasma LXA4 levels tended to decrease, while RvE1, RvE2, RvD1, and RvD2 showed barely significant changes. Plasma IL-6 levels were significantly increased after GCI and TBI, but with different time courses. These results show that plasma LXA4, RvE1, RvE2, RvD1, RvD2, and CD59 levels display differential responses to GCI and TBI, and need to be evaluated for their usefulness as biomarkers.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-43
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• 2007

The traditional Black-Scholes model for option pricing is based on the assumption that the log-return of the underlying asset follows a Brownian motion. But this assumption has been criticized for being unrealistic. Thus, for the last 20 years, many attempts have been made to adopt different stochastic processes to derive new option pricing models. The option pricing models based on L$\acute{e}$vy processes are being actively studied originating from the Gerber-Shiu model driven by H. U. Gerber and E. S. W. Shiu in 1994. In 2004, G. H. L. Cheang derived an option pricing model under multiple L$\acute{e}$vy processes, enabling us to adopt drift and jumps to the Gerber-Shiu model, while Gerber and Shiu derived their model under one L$\acute{e}$vy process. We derive the Gerber-Shiu model which includes drift and jumps under L$\acute{e}$vy processes. By adopting a Gamma distribution, we expand the Heston model which was driven in 1993 to include jumps. Then, using KOSPI200 index option data, we analyze the price-fitting performance of our model compared to that of the Black-Scholes model. It shows that our model shows a better price-fitting performance.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Energy production and the rebuilding and repair of muscle tissue by physical activity require folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ as a cofactor. Thus, this study investigated the effects of regular moderate exercise training and durations of acute aerobic exercise on plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations in moderate exercise trained rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: Fifty rats underwent non-exercise training (NT, n = 25) and regular exercise training (ET, n = 25) for 5 weeks. The ET group performed moderate exercise on a treadmill for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. At the end of week 5, each group was subdivided into 4 groups: non-exercise and 3 exercise groups. The non-exercise group (E0) was sacrificed without exercising and the 3 exercise groups were sacrificed immediately after exercising on a treadmill for 0.5 h (E0.5), 1 h (E1), and 2 h (E2). Blood samples were collected and plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ were analyzed. RESULTS: After exercise training, plasma folate level was significantly lower and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration was significantly higher in the ET group compared with the NT group (P < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations. In both the NT and ET groups, plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ were not significantly changed by increasing duration of aerobic exercise. Plasma folate concentration of E0.5 was significantly lower in the ET group compared with that in the NT group. Significantly higher vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were observed in the E0 and E0.5 groups of the ET group compared to those of the NT group. CONCLUSION: Regular moderate exercise training decreased plasma folate and increased plasma vitamin $B_{12}$ levels. However, no significant changes in plasma folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations were observed by increasing duration of acute aerobic exercise.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.103-105
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• 2013

Capparis sikkimensis Kurz subsp. masaikai (H. L$\acute{e}$v.) Jacobs, is being reported as addition to the flora of Vietnam. Line drawing of the taxon has been provided in support of taxonomic treatment and to facilitate easy identification of the species.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 1967

$^{131}I$-labeled-O-iodohippurate renograms in 15 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever(E.H. fever)during oliguric, diuretic and convalescent phase were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, namely by its configuration, Tmax T 1/2 and renal index of Hirakawa. The results were as following: 1) Changes on the renograms in E.H. fever showed simultaneous bilateral renal impairment. 2) The characteristic configurations of renogram in the oliguric phase were: (1) Moderately decreased absolute amplitude of initial spike. (2) Continous rising second slope. (3) No appearance of terminal descent. Those were mast likely to those of renograms in acute ureteral obstruction or acute dehydration state. 3) During the diuretic phase, the renogram showed the point of maximal amplitude, but the steepness of 2nd slope was markedly decreased. The appearance of terminal descents was observed with unusually high amplitude despite of the tremendously large amount of urinary output during this phase. 4) In convalescence, the renograms were essentially normal in configuration, but the renal index of Hirakawa was not recovered until this phase. 5) Renograms in E.H. fever showed the characteristic patterns in each phase of its clinical course. 6) $^{131}I$-OIH-Renogram might be an useful method for the evaluation of renal function in E.H. fever during its course.