• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by formation of multiple fluid-filled cysts that expand over time and destroy renal architecture. The proteins encoded by the $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ genes, mutations in which account for nearly all cases of ADPKD, may help guard against cystogenesis. Previously developed mouse models of $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ demonstrated an embryonic lethal phenotype and massive cyst formation in the kidney, indicating that $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ probably play important roles during normal renal tubular development. However, their precise role in development and the cellular mechanisms of cyst formation induced by $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ mutations are not fully understood. To address this question, we presently created $Pkd2$ knockout and $PKD2$ transgenic mouse embryo fibroblasts. We used a mouse oligonucleotide microarray to identify messenger RNAs whose expression was altered by the overexpression of the $PKD2$ or knockout of the $Pkd2$. The majority of identified mutations was involved in critical biological processes, such as metabolism, transcription, cell adhesion, cell cycle, and signal transduction. Herein, we confirmed differential expressions of several genes including aquaporin-1, according to different $PKD2$ expression levels in ADPKD mouse models, through microarray analysis. These data may be helpful in $PKD2$-related mechanisms of ADPKD pathogenesis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

We developed a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kit for detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against Zika virus (ZIKV) using monoclonal antibodies to the envelope (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of ZIKV. These proteins were produced using baculovirus expression vector with Sf9 cells. Monoclonal antibodies J2G7 to NS1 and J5E1 to E protein were selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the Zika IgG/IgM RDT kit (Zika RDT). Comparisons with ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and PCR were done to investigate the analytical sensitivity of Zika RDT, which resulted in 100% identical results. Sensitivity and specificity of Zika RDT in a field test was determined using positive and negative samples from Brazil and Korea. The diagnostic accuracy of Zika RDT was fairly high; sensitivity and specificity for IgG was 99.0 and 99.3%, respectively, while for IgM it was 96.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Cross reaction with dengue virus was evaluated using anti-Dengue Mixed Titer Performance Panel (PVD201), in which the Zika RDT showed cross-reactions with DENV in 16.7% and 5.6% in IgG and IgM, respectively. Cross reactions were not observed with West Nile, yellow fever, and hepatitis C virus infected sera. Zika RDT kit is very simple to use, rapid to assay, and very sensitive, and highly specific. Therefore, it would serve as a choice of method for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of ZIKV infection under clinical or field conditions worldwide in endemic areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2000

The disaccharide trehalose ($\alpha$-D-glucopyranosyl-$\alpha$-D-glucopyranoside) is found in variety of organ-isms that are able to withstand almost complete desiccation. In order to identify the function of trehalose in plants, we isolated Arabidopsis trehalase (AtTRE) gene that encodes the enzyme able to hydrolyze trehalose to glucose, and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase isolog, TPS3 gene by RT-PCR. The AtTRE had the substrate specificity to hydrolyze only trehalose, and a broad pH range of enzyme activity. The AtTRE promoter/GUS reporter gene was expressed in cotyledons, mature leaf tissues including guard cells, and developing siliques. The GUS expression driven by AtTPS3 promoter was significant in root tissues, and the level of GUS activity was much higher than that of the pBll 21 control seedlings. The knockout of AtTPS3 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in the retarded root development, whereas the overexpression of AtTPS3 increased the root elongation in the presence of sucrose in MS medium. Possible functions of AtTRE and AtTPS3 in plant will be discussed. In addition, ectopic expression of yeast TPS1 driven by the inducible promoters in tobacco and potato conferred the plants on the drought and freezing tolerances.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2010

In vitro shoot regeneration of gladiolus in three different culture systems, viz., semi-solid agar (AS), membrane raft (MR), and duroplast foam liquid (DF) cultures was evaluated following the kinetics of shoot multiplication and hyperhydricity at optimized growth regulator combinations. Compared to the AS system, matrixsupported liquid cultures enhanced shoot multiplication. The peak of shoot multiplication rate was attained at 18 days of incubation in the MR and DF systems, whereas the maximum rate in the AS system was attained at 21 days. An early decline in acceleration trend was observed in liquid cultures than the AS culture. The hyperhydric status of the regenerated shoots in the different culture systems was assessed in terms of stomatal attributes and antioxidative status. Stomatal behavior appeared to be normal in the AS and MR systems. However, structural anomaly of stomata such as large, round shaped guard cells with damage in bordering regions of stomatal pores was pronounced in the DF system along with a relatively higher $K^+$ ion concentration than in the AS and MR systems. Antioxidative status of regenerated shoots was comparable in the AS and MR systems, while a higher incidence of oxidative damages of lipid membrane as evidenced from malondialdehyde and ascorbate content was observed in the DF system. Higher oxidative stress in the DF system was also apparent by elevated activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase. Among the three culture systems, liquid culture with MR resulted in maximum shoot multiplication with little or no symptoms of hyperhydricity. Shoots in the DF system were more prone to hyperhydricity than those in the AS and MR systems. The use of matrix support such as membrane raft as an interface between liquid medium and propagating tissue could be an effective means for rapid and efficient mass propagation with little or no symptoms of hyperhydricity.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1986

The plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. NC2326 were germinated in 10 cm D$\times$20 cm H polyethylene pot, and sand-cultured with Hoagland solution near by the window of laboratory room(26$\pm$5$^{\circ}C$). The growing plants were sprayed with various concentrations of ABA around 9 : 00 a.m. once in every two days for 12 weeks in summer. As the results, frequency of stomatal number, stomatal opening, chlorophyll content, respiration rate, and protein content in the leaves were decreased with the increasing of concentrations of ABA, respectively. The plant growth was inhibited by exogenous ABA, but leaf abscission was not found during the experimental period. The ratio of three to one in chlorophyll a to b was not altered by exogenous ABA. All the stomata were closed within three minutes by 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA and within seven minutes by 1-10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA after the spraying of ABA, and then reopended after a few hours in 1-10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA and after 24 hours in 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA. The polar movement of chloroplast within the guard cells was found in the higher concentrations of 10 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA, but not found in the lower concentrations than 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA. During the night and weak light, it was fond that the inhibition of respiration rate by the higher concentration of ABA was owing to firstly the stomatal closure by the spraying of ABA and secondly the decrease of stomatal frequency by the inhibition of stomatal development with exogenous ABA for the long period of 12 weeks. In the band number of leaf protein by the electrophoresis, most of the protein bands were disappeared by the higher concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$ ml-1 ABA, but were not altered by the lower concentration of ABA in comparison with control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.156-157
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• 2022

Currently, due to the increase in GHG emissions, the global weather phenomenon is constantly occurring, and each international organization is trying to reduce 온실가스 through various regulations to reduce GHG. To comply with the regulations, eco-friendly ships are currently being studied to reduce GHG. This paper models the fuel propulsion system of NH3 sofc fuel cell propulsion ship through the case study of eco-friendly ships, especially NH3 fuel cells, and provides information on how NH3 sofc fuel cell propulsion ships can benefit energy efficiency and decarbonization compared to existing FO vessels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.347-357
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• 2003

This paper describes on the suppression of sea clutter on marine radar display using a cell-averaging CFAR(constant false alarm rate) technique, and on the analysis of radar echo signal data in relation to the estimation of ARPA functions and the detection of the shadow effect in clutter returns. The echo signal was measured using a X -band radar, that is located on the Pukyong National University, with a horizontal beamwidth of $$3.9^{\circ}$$, a vertical beamwidth of $20^{\circ}$, pulsewidth of $0.8 {\mu}s$ and a transmitted peak power of 4 ㎾ The suppression performance of sea clutter was investigated for the probability of false alarm between $l0-^0.25;and; 10^-1.0$. Also the performance of cell averaging CFAR was compared with that of ideal fixed threshold. The motion vectors and trajectory of ships was extracted and the shadow effect in clutter returns was analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows；1. The ARPA plotting results and motion vectors for acquired targets extracted by analyzing the echo signal data were displayed on the PC based radar system and the continuous trajectory of ships was tracked in real time. 2. To suppress the sea clutter under noisy environment, a cell averaging CFAR processor having total CFAR window of 47 samples(20+20 reference cells, 3+3 guard cells and the cell under test) was designed. On a particular data set acquired at Suyong Man, Busan, Korea, when the probability of false alarm applied to the designed cell averaging CFAR processor was 10$^{-0}$.75/ the suppression performance of radar clutter was significantly improved. The results obtained suggest that the designed cell averaging CFAR processor was very effective in uniform clutter environments. 3. It is concluded that the cell averaging CF AR may be able to give a considerable improvement in suppression performance of uniform sea clutter compared to the ideal fixed threshold. 4. The effective height of target, that was estimated by analyzing the shadow effect in clutter returns for a number of range bins behind the target as seen from the radar antenna, was approximately 1.2 m and the information for this height can be used to extract the shape parameter of tracked target..

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.118-127
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• 2013

A comparative study of leaf epidermal microstructure in tribes Forsythieae (Abeliophyllum: 1 species, Forsythia: 12 taxa - 10 species, 2 varieties), Fontanesieae (Fontanesia: 2 species) including one related genus Myxopyrum belonging to Myxopyreae (Myxopyrum: 5 taxa - 4 species, 1 subspecies) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate their significance in the taxonomy. The leaves of investigated taxa are either hypostomatic or amphistomatic, but former is more frequent. The size range of the guard cells is 17.14-47.58 ${\times}$ 11.59- 44.25 ${\mu}m$: the smallest one was found in Forsythia giraldiana (17.48-22.96 ${\times}$ 11.64-12.88 ${\mu}m$), while the largest one was measured to Myxopyrum pierrei (31.50-41.75 ${\times}$ 32.53-44.25 ${\mu}m$). Anomocytic stomatal complex are most frequent type (rarely paracytic), usually both anomocytic and anisocytic occur in one leaf. In surface view both adaxial and abaxial anticlinal walls of the subsidiary cells are variable (e.g., straight/curved, undulate, sinuate, undulate/sinuate). Three types (simple unicellular and multicellular non-glandular, subsessile glandular) of trichomes are found in leaves. Finally, the systematic significance of the leaf epidermal micromorphological characters in idenfitication and elucidation of these tribe, between or within the genera including among the species is also briefly discussed.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.368-372
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• 2000

The fruit structure of 'Fuji' apples from full bloom to maturing was observed from 1997 to 1998. Cell division period of the fruit was found to be 4 to 5 weeks after full bloom. Vascular bundles in the inner part of the fruit skin which were not described in the books illustrating apple fruit structure was observed, as they were tentatively named as outer vascular bundles (OVB), and another vascular bundles were also observed newly in periphery of locules, as they were tentatively named as inner vascular bundles (IVB). In the observation of the inner epidermis (IE) in the inner part of the locules on 2 days prior to full bloom, the guard cells were observed and these were disappeared in the observation made 2 days later, i.e. on full bloom. The formation of fruit skin was observed at the microscope 65 days after full bloom and the number of cell which organized the fruit skin did not change from this time to maturation period. Tannin which is mainly in the fruit skin changing from continuously during fruit growth, specially the tannin of epidermis disappeared completely 100 days after full bloom stage, and then constituted again. Starch was not almost found out in cell division period of fruit from full bloom stage after this time it constituted much at flesh part and decreased at maturation period. Epidermis was developed by uniform cells of a layer the cell of epidermis constituted irregularity after pigmentation stage, the organization of fruit was not close because the very big intercellular space constituted at hypodermis and flesh structure.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.239-254
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• 2007

A comparative micromorphological study was examined on the leaves of the genus Glechoma and related genera (Nepetinae, Lamiaceae) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to evaluate their significance in the taxonomy. The leaves of taxa Marmoritis, Nepeta sect. Glechomanthe, G. hederacea var. longituba (Korea) are revealed amphistomatic type, while the remnants of taxa had hypostomatic type. The size range of the guard cells is $12.50-28.75{\times}9.17-21.25{\mu}m$: the smallest one was found in M. pharicus ($12.50-15.83{\times}9.17-11.25{\mu}m$), while the largest one was measured to G. hederacea var. longituba (Korea: $28.75-28.88{\times}21.25-21.38{\mu}m$). The stomatal type of genera Agastache, Dracocephalum was mostly diacytic, however for the rest rarely together with anisocytic and anomocytic, except G. hederaca var. longituba (Korea), Meehania urticifolia by having combined with diacytic and anomocytic. The shapes of epidermal cells are differ from in abaxial and adaxial side, and dived with two types (e.g., platelet, stripe pattern). Five types (three glandular, two non-glandular hairs) of trichomes are distributed in leaves. Among trichomes, long and stalk capitates glandular trichome, subsessile glands are different from studied taxa so that leaf micromorphological characters are significance features in the taxonomy.