• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.402-416
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• 1999

The thermal distributions near the growth interface of 150nm CZ crystals were measured by three thermocouples installed at the center, middle (half radius) and edge (10nm from surface) of the crystals. The results show that larger growth rates produced smaller thermal gradients. This contradicts the widely used heat flux balance equation. Using this fact, it is confirmed in CZ crystals that the type of point defects created is determined by the value of the thermal gradient(G) near the interface during growth, as already reported for FZ crystals. Although depending on the growth systems the effective length of the thermal gradient for defect generation are varied, we defined the effective length as 10n,\m from th interface in this experiment. If the G is roughly smaller than 20C/cm, vacancy rich CZ crystals are produced. If G is larger than 25C/cm, the species of point defects changes dramatically from vacancies to interstitials. The experimental results after detaching FZ and CZ crystals from the melt show that growth interfaces are filled with vacancies. We propose that large G produces shrunk lattice spacing and in order to relax such lattice excess interstitials are necessary. Such interstitials recombine with vacancies which were generated at the growth interface, nest occupy interstitial sites and residuals aggregate themselves to make stacking faults and dislocation loops during cooling. The shape of the growth interface is also determined by te distributions of G across the interface. That is, the small G and the large G in the center induce concave and convex interfaces to the melts, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.251-256
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• 2019

In the process of ZnO ceramic sintering at a temperature of 1385℃, higher than the normal sintering temperature, some grains were growth up to mm scale. When sintered at 1400℃ for 8 hours, the size of the grains that are not involved in the abnormal growth is as large as 30~40 ㎛, but the size of the abnormal grown grain reaches 1,000 ㎛, which is more than 10,000 times bigger in volume than the normal one within 8 hr growth. As a cause of rapid and abnormal grain growth, primary particle size distribution, compaction density variation within sample and doping of impurities could be considered. The primary particle size distribution could be considered main reason for abnormal grain growth but no solid evidence was obtained. Through the observation of the microstructure, it is presumed that the giant grains grow absorbing the neighbor grains through a grain rotation process.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

This study analyzed the factors affecting economic growth using multiple regression model and Geographically Weighted Regression in consideration of population, industry and employment, housing and political characteristics on economic growth by region. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, the total employment growth rate, manufacturing employment growth rate, local election turnout and the level of party consensus between the central and local governments are having a positive impact on regional economic growth. Second, according to the GWR analysis, the population has a positive impact on economic growth in the southern region of Korea, and the increase in the total number of employees has a positive impact on the southern region of Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province, North Chungcheong Province and North Gyeongsang Province. Finally, the voter turnout of urbanites is positively affecting economic growth in South Chungcheong Province, Gangwon Province and the southern coast, while North Jeolla and South Jeolla provinces have a positive impact on economic growth as the parties of the central and local governments are equal. The results of this study may suggest the role of local government for regional economic development.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-12
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• 2019

With the Chinese government's attention to the artificial intelligence industry, the Chinese government has invested a lot in it recently. Of course, the importance of artificial intelligence industry for China's economic development is increasingly significant. The advent of artificial intelligence boom has also triggered a large number of scientists to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence on economic growth. Therefore, this paper use 31 China's cross-province panel data to study the effect of artificial intelligence on economic growth. Via empirical analyses under a series of econometric methods such as the province and year fixed effect model, the empirical result shows that artificial intelligence has a positive and significant effect on economic growth. Namely, the artificial intelligence is a new engine for economic growth. Meanwhile, the empirical results also indicate that the investment and consumption has a significant and positive effect on economic growth. Oppositely, the inflation and government purchase have a significant negative effect on economic growth. These findings in this paper also provide some important evidences for policy-makers to perform precise behaviors so as to promote the economic growth. Moreover, these finding enriches existing literature on artificial intelligence and economic growth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2004

The growth of solid particles in TiC-XC-2vo1.% and TiC-XC-30vo1.% Ni alloys, (where X=Zr, W or Mo) was fitted to the equation of the form $d^3$-${do}^3$=Kt during the liquid phase sintering at 1,673K. Also, the grain growth behavior decreased markedly with the addition of ${MO}_2$C or WC and increased with the addition of zrC. The contiguity was greater in the alloys with a smaller growth rate constant and especially, decreased by increasing the Ni content in the TiC-${MO}_2$C-Ni alloy. In addition, the effect of the addition of carbide on the grain growth of 2 vo1.% Ni alloys was found to be similar to that of 30vo1.% Ni alloys. Consequently, the grain growth mechanism cannot be explained by the usual solution / reprecipitation process, but can be explained in terms of a new growth velocity equation, which includes the effects of contiguous carbide grain boundaries in restricting the overall grain growth, as well as the area of the solid / liquid interface in the alloy.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.96-126
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• 2002

In the course of screening natural extracts for hair growth, we found that the extract of dried root of Sophora flavescens has the prominent hair growth promoting effect. After topical application of Sophora flavescens extract to the back of C57BL/6 mice, the earlier conversion of telogen-to-anagen phase was induced. In addition, the Sophora flavescens extract revealed to possess potent inhibitory effect on $5{\alpha}$-reductase Ⅰ and Ⅱ activity. The growth of dermal papilla cells and mouse vibrissae hair follicle cultured in vitro, however, was not affected by Sophora flavescens extract treatment. RT-PCR analysis showed that Sophora flavescens extract induced mRNA levels of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ and keratinocyte growth factor in dermal papilla cells, suggesting hair growth promoting effect of Sophora flavescens extract is mediated through inhibition of $5{\alpha}$-reductase type Ⅱ activity and the regulation of growth factors in dermal papilla cells. Furthermore, Sophora flavescens extract also showed anti-bacterial effect on Propionibacterium acnes. These results suggest that Sophora flavescens can be used as a potent treatment agent for helping hair growth stimulation and acne inhibition.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of planting position on the growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at different growth stages. Referring to shoot growth characteristics, stem length, stem diameter and leave area were higher at front than rear, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages. But a lower chlorophyll contents was caused at front compared to rear and decreased as the proceeding of growth stages contrarily. According to root characteristics, root length and main body length were higher at front, with a positive correlation to growth stages, which was also shown on fresh root weight and dry root weight with the maximum in August. Meanwhile, the effect of planting position on ginsenoside content could also be definite by the highest content at front showing high light intensity, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages as well.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.607-617
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• 2020

This study investigates the causal relationship between public and private external debt and economic growth in developing countries. Our model includes 18 selected Asian developing and transition economies from 1995 thru 2019. We employ the dynamic heterogeneous panel data methods, pooled mean group (PMG), robust cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL), and pairwise panel causality test. The results of PMG and CS-ARDL show the existence of causality between external debt and economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. The pairwise Granger causality test found the bidirectional causal relationship runs from total external debt, public external debt, and private external debt to economic growth and economic growth to external debt. The results showed first the existence of causality in the short-run and long-run between external debt and economic growth and the second, bi-directional causality that runs from external debt to economic growth and economic growth to external debt. Both the dynamic models and robust estimator found the same inferences about the impact of main variables on economic growth in Asian developing and transition economies. The findings of this study suggest to assure debt management, investment in productive sectors, increase domestic savings, decrease external dependency, and focus on international trade.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2012

Autotransgenic manipulation with a growth hormone (GH)-construct is a potential approach to improving the growth rates of farmed fish. Here, we present the generation of GH-autotransgenic common carp Cyprinus carpio carrying a transgene comprised of the carp homologous GH gene and a ${\beta}$-actin regulator. Autotransgenic carp showed similar viability to their non-transgenic siblings. Early growth characteristics of founder autotransgenic carp up to 50 days postfertilization were highly variable among individuals; i.e., some fish exhibited significant growth depression, while others showed dramatic acceleration of growth, achieving greater than sixfold increases in body weight relative to their non-transgenic counterparts. Stimulated growth performance became more notable with age and many transgenic individuals of the largest class reached 5 kg within 8 or 9 months, which is at least 10 times heavier than the average body weight of communally grown non-transgenics. Four of six founder transgenic males were successful in passing the transgene to their $F_1$ offspring with frequencies ranging from 19 to 36%. Growth stimulations were also persistent in all $F_1$ progeny groups examined.