• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

This research is according to the a future-oriented strategy, low-carbon green growth, and it is a basic research for dissemination of rural housing standard plan. Through the survey of plans use, we look at ways to rural housing standard plan use and then needed to establish measures for this. Looking at the type of used plans, we can find several points. One of them, 19 kinds of rural housing standard plans were used among the 61 total cases. Almost all change the plan, the reasons is different for the condition of the land, such as site conditions, family members, personal preferences, house color or material. A few cases have been constructed as rural housing standard plans, but rural housing standard plans are important data for the rural resident to determine plans, and it has an important role in the rural housing design process. Common features of the many rural houses is concrete structure, two stories, and construction period is two to three months. Land area is $300m^2$ to $600m^2$, building area is $71m^2-110m^2$. Heating system is an oil boiler.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods imports and economic growth with a focus on the 13 Asia-Pacific economies during 2005-2016. In particular, this paper extends the study by breaking down the data of Asia-Pacific countries into High Income Countries (HICs) and Low Income Countries (LICs) according to the difference of income levels. Design/methodology - Our empirical model employs the standard growth model based on the Barro (1998)-type growth framework. Using static panel-data technique, we estimate the effect of ICT goods imports on economic growth in the 13 Asia-Pacific economies. In addition, we also estimate a difference of the ICT goods imports-economic growth link between HICs and LICs. Findings -The estimation results indicate that ICT goods import has a significant positive effect on economic growth, while ICT goods export has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on it. When we break down the panel data into HICs and LICs in order to gain further insight, ICT goods imports has been effective in spurring growth in only LICs but not in HICs. The other supplementary results show that both domestic investment (GCF) and life expectancy (LE) have a significantly positive impact on economic growth in both HICs and LICs. Originality/value - The main findings of the paper suggest that ICT goods imports has a positive effect on economic growth in only LICs but not in HICs. This result supports the so-called 'leapfrogging' hypothesis through ICT goods imports in the Asia-Pacific countries, in which LICs are gaining more from ICT goods imports than HICs.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

This paper is on the premise that we need objective and measurable researches on quality evaluation of serious game for users' correct selection of games fitting for their purposes, for development of competitive high-quality game, and for stable growth of game industry. At first, we looked into various characteristics of serious game, read the present situation of game market, and proposed the necessity of quality evaluating model for serious game. To guarantee the objectivity of the proposed models, we compared and analyzed various proposals of standard model on the basis of international standard quality-evaluating model, ISO/IEC 9126 S/W. And so we extracted quality-evaluating items for serious game that composed of 8 evaluating areas and 25 sub-attributes, and presented quality-evaluating indices of each area. The proposed quality-evaluating model was added 2 areas and 8 sub-attributes to the international standard model, and the validity of the extracted items' was verified by expert group's questionnaire. Accordingly, we expect that this paper will increase game users' satisfaction, promote the development of high-quality games, and contribute to continuous growth in serious game market.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.3C no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 2003

The influence of microstructure nonuniformity on the electrical characteristics of ZnO varistors was analyzed with the added amount of $Al_2$O$_3$ dopants. $Al_2$O$_3$ doping can effectively inhibit grain growth. When $Al_2$O$_3$ content is in the range between 0-0.1 %, the average grain size and the standard deviation decrease quickly and the grain growth is strongly inhibited. Therefore, it is possible to increase the microstructure uniformity by accurate addition of $Al_2$O$_3$ to the ZnO varistor. The breakdown voltage increases with the decrease of standard deviation. The greater the uniformity of the Zno varistor means the higher the global breakdown voltage. The $Al_2$O$_3$ dopants having about 0-0.023 wt% content can effectively improve the voltage ratio, and the voltage ratio reaches a minimum value of 2.32 at an $Al_2$O$_3$ content of 0.005 wt%.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.220-227
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• 1998

Recent data from Environmental department show that some out of 2,000 places surveyed are contaminated by nitrate, ammonia, fluoride, chloride and so forth in excess of the environmental standard-including purification plants, water taps, small water supply systems. In this study, some items which exceed drinking water standard were chosen and their concentrations were made varying from around standard level to around detected maximum concentration. After they permeated through the membrane module sold in the domestic market and made for household water-purifier, the most suitable membranes were selected according to individual water quality of various regions. In addition, the bacterial growth after storage for various days and under various temperatures was examined for the purpose of the effect of the time and temperature on bacterial growth.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.49-61
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to set the standard items of the garment size for infants. The studied subject consisted of 560 infants from at brith to 12 months of Pusan and Gyeongnam area. The Results from this analysis are as follows; 1. The most significant growths in body dimensions of infants as an month age advanced. Expecially, stature, weight and the items of height and length showed a quite rapid growth, but the items of girth, breadth and depth showed a slow growth. 2. The coefficient of correlation between stature and weight shows high value. The result of interpretation of the extracted components are as follows. It will be more appropriate to use the method of parallerizing with height and weight items rather than with month age in classficating and indicating of size for infant garment and in taking the head girth as basic item of infant for head-gears. Consequently, as the standard items for the classification of clothing constuction of infants, it is advisable to select weight alone or both stature and weight. 3. According to the method of classifying the somatotype by the index of body soundness, the Rohrer.Kaup index on the basis of standard items, weight and stature was divided into somatotype.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 1979

The templates for male and female were constructed respectively by use of 36 male and 52 female cephalometric roentgenograms in Hellman Dental Age IV A with normal occlusion. The grids were drawn to show 1 standard deviation and 2 standard deviation on every reference point. 1. When the template is used for cephalometric analysis, w e can obtain comparatively accurate diagnosis even one or two refernces are distorted, because several references are used for analysis. 2. The method of using the template is simple enough to perform cephalometric analysis easily. 3. If the templates are constructed for every age and sex, we can predict the growth patterns of the patients in the period of growth.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-82
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• 1996

In order to clarify effect of transplanting angle of seedling on shape and growth of ginseng root, ginseng of seedlings were transplanted with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ respectively, and the root characters of 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng were investigated. The length of main root with 45$^{\circ}$was above 7 cm (standard) but that of $60^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$ was below 7 cm (standard). Number of good lateral root was above 2.3 ea for $45^{\circ}$, 0~$30^{\circ}$, but below 2.3 ea per plant for 60~$90^{\circ}$ respectively. Root fresh weight with $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ was heavier than that with $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$. Root disease infection rate was highest with $0^{\circ}$. There were, no significant difference in stem length, stem diameter, leaf area, comber of palmate leaves and leaflets per plant, ratio of missing plant, root diameter in 2-, 4- and 6-year-old ginseng.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.908-913
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• 2010

This study analyzed the impact of climatic and topographic factors on tree radial growth of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. in central regions of Korea. To find the relationship between annual tree radial growth and climatic factors, we took the core samples from individual trees and measured the tree radial width. On the assumption that the tree radial growth is related to the tree age, we estimated the radial growth by the tree age as an independent variable. Also, we estimated the standard growth, defined as the radial growth of trees aged 30. As results, we found the spatial auto-correlation in the radial growth of the red pine. Moreover, we also found the relationships between climatic and topographic and the standard growth using the GAM (Generalized Additive Model). Increase of temperature has negative impacts on the radial growth of Pinus densiflora, while it has positive impacts on the radial growth of Quercus spp.. On the other hands, increase of precipitation has negative impacts on the radial growth of both species. Lastly, we predicted the spatial distribution changes of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. using the temperature increase scenario and the Geographic Information System (GIS) based forest type map. We could predict that Pinus densiflora is more vulnerable than Quercus spp. to climate change so that the habitats of Pinus densiflora will be gradually changed to the habitats of Quercus spp. in eastern coastal and southern regions of Korea after 60 years.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.135-149
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• 2018

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index (BMI) values in boys, and smaller 3rd percentile values in height-for-age charts. Thus, new growth charts have been developed to improve the previous version. The 2006 World Health Organization Child Growth Standards, regarded as the standard for breastfed infants and children, were introduced for children aged 0-35 months. For children and adolescents aged 3-18 years, these new growth charts include height-for-age, weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, weight-for-height, and head circumference-for-age charts, and were developed using data obtained in 1997 and 2005. Data sets and exclusion criteria were applied differently for the development of the different growth charts. BMI-for-age charts were adjusted to decrease the 95th percentile values of BMI. Criteria for obesity were simplified and defined as a BMI of ${\geq}95th$ percentile for age and sex. The 3rd percentile values for height-for-age charts were also increased. Additional percentile lines (1st and 99th) and growth charts with standard deviation lines were introduced. 2017 Korean National Growth Charts are recommended for the evaluation of body size and growth of Korean children and adolescents for use in clinics and the public health sector in Korea.