• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2020

This study was conducted on cultivation farms in the Gimcheon area, which is the main production area of walnuts, in order to compare and analyze the yield and fruit quality of walnut trees (Juglans sinensis Dode) derived from seedlings. The official trees were classified into nine classes from 10 to 60 years old, and a total of 135 trees were selected, with 15 trees selected for each grade. The growth and fruit characteristics for each age group were then examined. The average tree height was 10.3 m, and the average crown area was 63.7 ㎡. The average number of fruit settings per tree was 573.1, with the largest number of walnuts per tree at 35 years (974.0 walnuts), and the lowest walnuts per tree at 10 years (124.7 walnuts). In addition, the number of fruit settings per bearing mother branch in 35 year old trees was the highest at 3.1. The average weight for each fruit type was found to be 58.7 ± 4.0 g of walnuts in green peel, 10.5 ± 0.5 g of dried shell walnuts, and 4.9 ± 0.2 g of walnuts, respectively. The average yield by fruit type was 32.5 ± 13.8 kg of walnuts in green peel, 5.9 ± 2.5 kg of dried shell walnut, and 2.8 ± 1.2 kg of walnuts. The yield was positively correlated with the crown area, the number of fruits setting per bearing mother branch, and the number of fruits setting per 1 ㎥. The formula used to estimate the yield per tree by age was calculated as y = 8993.9 ln (tree age-9) 8230.3, R² = 0.8531 (walnut in green peel) and y = 1647.1 ln (tree age-9) 1442.1, R² = 0.8527 (dried shell walnut).

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2010

With the immergence of the iPhone, the interest in Smartphones is getting higher as services can be provided directly between service providers and consumers without the network operators. As the number of international tourists increase, individual tourists are also increasing. According to the WTO's (World Tourism Organization) prediction, the number of international tourists will be 1.56 billion in 2020,and the average growth rate will be 4.1% a year. Chinese tourists, in particular, are increasing rapidly and about 100 million will travel the world in 2020. In 2009, about 7.8 million foreign tourists visited Korea and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism is trying to attract 12 million foreign tourists in 2014. A research institute carried out a survey targeting foreign tourists and the survey results showed that they felt uncomfortable with communication (about 55.8%) and directional signs (about 21.4%) when they traveled in Korea. To solve this inconvenience for foreign tourists, multilingual servicesfor traffic signs, tour information, shopping information and so forth should be enhanced. The appearance of the Smartphone comes just in time to provide a new service to address these inconveniences. Smartphones are especially useful because every Smartphone has GPS (Global Positioning System) that can provide users' location to the system, making it possible to provide location-based services. For improvement of tourists' convenience, Seoul Metropolitan Government hasinitiated the u-tour service using Kiosks and Smartphones, and several Province Governments have started the u-tourpia project using RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) and an exclusive device. Even though the u-tour or u-tourpia service used the Smartphone and RFID, the tourist should know the location of the Kiosks and have previous information. So, this service did not give the solution yet. In this paper, I developed a new convenient service which can provide location based information for the individual tourists using GPS, WiFi, and 3G. The service was tested at Insa-dong in Seoul, and the service can provide tour information around the tourist using a push service without user selection. This self-tour service is designed for providing a travel guide service for foreign travelers from the airport to their destination and information about tourist attractions. The system reduced information traffic by constraining receipt of information to tourist themes and locations within a 20m or 40m radius of the device. In this case, service providers can provide targeted, just-in-time services to special customers by sending desired information. For evaluating the implemented system, the contents of 40 gift shops and traditional restaurants in Insa-dong are stored in the CMS (Content Management System). The service program shows a map displaying the current location of the tourist and displays a circle which shows the range to get the tourist information. If there is information for the tourist within range, the information viewer is activated. If there is only a single resultto display, the information viewer pops up directly, and if there are several results, the viewer shows a list of the contents and the user can choose content manually. As aresult, the proposed system can provide location-based tourist information to tourists without previous knowledge of the area. Currently, the GPS has a margin of error (about 10~20m) and this leads the location and information errors. However, because our Government is planning to provide DGPS (Differential GPS) information by DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) this error will be reduced to within 1m.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.213-225
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• 2010

Data mining has empowered the managers who are charge of the tasks in their company to present personalized and differentiated marketing programs to their customers with the rapid growth of information technology. Most studies on customer' response have focused on predicting whether they would respond or not for their marketing promotion as marketing managers have been eager to identify who would respond to their marketing promotion. So many studies utilizing data mining have tried to resolve the binary decision problems such as bankruptcy prediction, network intrusion detection, and fraud detection in credit card usages. The prediction of customer's response has been studied with similar methods mentioned above because the prediction of customer's response is a kind of dichotomous decision problem. In addition, a number of competitive data mining techniques such as neural networks, SVM(support vector machine), decision trees, logit, and genetic algorithms have been applied to the prediction of customer's response for marketing promotion. The marketing managers also have tried to classify their customers with quantitative measures such as recency, frequency, and monetary acquired from their transaction database. The measures mean that their customers came to purchase in recent or old days, how frequent in a period, and how much they spent once. Using segmented customers we proposed an approach that could enable to differentiate customers in the same rating among the segmented customers. Our approach employed support vector regression to forecast the purchase amount of customers for each customer rating. Our study used the sample that included 41,924 customers extracted from DMEF04 Data Set, who purchased at least once in the last two years. We classified customers from first rating to fifth rating based on the purchase amount after giving a marketing promotion. Here, we divided customers into first rating who has a large amount of purchase and fifth rating who are non-respondents for the promotion. Our proposed model forecasted the purchase amount of the customers in the same rating and the marketing managers could make a differentiated and personalized marketing program for each customer even though they were belong to the same rating. In addition, we proposed more efficient learning method by separating the learning samples. We employed two learning methods to compare the performance of proposed learning method with general learning method for SVRs. LMW (Learning Method using Whole data for purchasing customers) is a general learning method for forecasting the purchase amount of customers. And we proposed a method, LMS (Learning Method using Separated data for classification purchasing customers), that makes four different SVR models for each class of customers. To evaluate the performance of models, we calculated MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) for each model to predict the purchase amount of customers. In LMW, the overall performance was 0.670 MAPE and the best performance showed 0.327 MAPE. Generally, the performances of the proposed LMS model were analyzed as more superior compared to the performance of the LMW model. In LMS, we found that the best performance was 0.275 MAPE. The performance of LMS was higher than LMW in each class of customers. After comparing the performance of our proposed method LMS to LMW, our proposed model had more significant performance for forecasting the purchase amount of customers in each class. In addition, our approach will be useful for marketing managers when they need to customers for their promotion. Even if customers were belonging to same class, marketing managers could offer customers a differentiated and personalized marketing promotion.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.485-516
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• 2011

Republic of Korea is small nation that is comprised of 0.7% of the world population and occupying just 0.07% of the world territory. Despite this, Republic of Korea once again proved herself to be as the world's major economic powerhouse by becoming the world's 7th largest exporter in 2010. However, the reality is that Republic of Korea is still significantly concerned about the volatile economic nature and anxiety that is spread across the globe since the global depression that began at the end of 2008 and the financial crisis that has been threatening the Euro-Zone recently. This has resulted in the nation reaching the limitation in significant economic growth and limited creation of jobs within the nation and due to such circumstances, the nation is becoming more aware of the fact that she needs to pay more attention on the service sector and service exports if she was to see a more positive economic outlook in the upcoming future. This research is aimed to analyse the cost that is associated with the service export sector, by examining a number of enterprises in relation to the MICE(Meeting Incentives Convention Exhibition) industry which certainly has both direct and indirect influences on the service exports of the nation Further, the prime goal of the research is to encourage the SMEs of Korea, who have substandard experience associated to foreign exports, to intensify and increase service exports and also the goal extends to the degree to suggest appropriate assistance measures to aid these enterprises to achieve such goals. This research is fundamentally designed and based on the literature research associated with the MICE industry and also, this research is premeditated through the analysis of the case of exports to Vietnam. As the result of research, it has been found out that SMEs in the MICE industry and those of in service export sector are reluctant or even feel insecure to attempt any kind of export of their services mainly due to; the lack of foreign market information and also the lack of experience associated with service exports. Furthermore, it has also been revealed that the difficulty to estimate the validity and profitability of service the export is a significant factor withholding those enterprises from attempting any service export to the foreign markets. Henceforth, in order to aid and stimulate service export to the foreign markets by these SMEs (including those in association with the MICE industry), it is imperative to prepare an one-stop service export assistance program which would provide the information associated with marketing, law and legislation, taxation system and financial area in regard to the global markets.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.309-325
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• 2004

The Cannington Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, northwest Queensland, Australia developed around the host rocks composing banded and migmatitic gneisses, sillimanite-garnet schist and amphibolite. Three crystal habits of sillimanite, gahnite (Zn-spinel) and garnet porphyroblasts occurred on the host rocks of the Cannington deposit could be used to delineate metamorphism that closely associated with Zn-mineralization in the deposit. Linkages the metamorphism to Zinc-mineralization is determined in four chemical systems, KFMASH (K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-Al$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$), KFMASHTO (K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-Al$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$-TiO$_2$-Fe$_2$O$_3$), NCKFMASH (Na$_2$O-CaO-K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-AlO$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$) and MnNCK-FMASH (MnO-Na$_2$O-CaO-K$_2$O-FeO-MgO-AlO$_3$-SiO$_2$-$H_2O$), using THERMOCALC program (version 3.1; Powell and Holland 1988). Partial melting in MnNCKFMASH and NCKFMASH systems occurs at lower temperature than in the KFMASH and KFMASHTO systems. The partial melting temperature decreases with increasing of Na/(Na+Ca+K) of the bulk rock compositions in the MnNCKFMASH system. The host rocks have melted ca 15 vol.% in the MnNCKFMASH system at peak metamorphic conditions (634$\pm$62$^{\circ}C$ and 4.8$\pm$1.3 kbar), but partial melting have not occurred in KFMASHTO system. Based on calculations of sillimanite isograd in different systems and sillimanite modal pro-portion, prismatic and rhombic sillimanite and gahnite porphyroblasts including prismatic sillimanite inclusion probably have resulted from pressure and temperature increasing through partial melting (from 550～$600^{\circ}C$, 2.0～3.0 kbar to 700～75$0^{\circ}C$, 5.0～7.0 kbar), furthermore have experienced N-S then W-E crustal shortening during D$_1$ and D$_2$ deformation. Consequently, Zinc mineralization related to gahnite growth occurred during D$_2$ and was redistributed and upgraded by partial melting and retrograde metamorphism into structural and rheological sites during shearing in D$_3$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1589-1594
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• 2016

Piperine [(E,E)-5-(3,4-methtylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienolypiperidide] is a principal of Piperaceae, including Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum Linn., which has been used as a spice and traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated whether or not piperine has anti-cancer effects on AGS human gastric cancer cells. The results demonstrated that piperine not only inhibited proliferation using MTT assay but also induced apoptotic bodies using DAPI assay in a dose-dependent manner in response to piperine. Expression levels of p53, Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP increased, whereas expression levels of Bcl-2, XIAP (anti-apoptotic), and Akt decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control by western blotting analysis. To identify the connection between phospo-Akt and Bcl-2 family in response to piperine, LY249002 (Akt inhibitor) was treated with piperine ($150{\mu}M$). The results were shown that expression of phospo-Akt was reduced whereas expression of Bax and cleaved-PARP increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that piperine induced apoptosis in AGS cells and may serve as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

RHS is a core organization with huge influences on the expansion of the base for the garden culture and industry. This study aimed to examine the meaning and value of the professional charity's role through the appearance background and developmental process of RHS. The passion for plant collection in the Victorian Age of the $19^{th}$ century became the background of establishing the society. Such background of the times and the root of the society are deeply related to the British civil garden culture. The consideration of the forming process of RHS and the study can be summarized as below. First, the professional introduction of exotic plants by plant hunters was developed into an organization supporting professional plant research through collection, sampling, and records, which led to the development of horticulture techniques, growth of plant nursery businesses and established the foundation of the civil garden culture in the UK. Second, after John Loudon was involved in RHS, inspired by the press editing more practical information contents, middle-class and women became new patrons to gardening. Therefore, the care of gardens became a source of agreeable domestic recreation, especially to the female sex. Third, $19^{th}$ century plant collection and exhibition was seen in the Chelsea Flower Show which a key role beyond the UK garden culture. Fourth, those acts of RHS and modernity in $19^{th}$ developed British middle-class domestic gardens which have the character of the ordinary and national garden style in the UK. Such history and activities of RHS are connected to the national status as a country of gardens, which suggests clues to practical measures and values we should aim for in order to settle citizen-centered garden culture.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This study explores urban gardening and garden culture in residential area as an everydayness that has been overlooked during the modern period urbanization and investigates the meaning and value of urban gardening from the perspective of urban formations and growth in spontaneous urban residential area, Haebangchon. The result identified that urban gardening as a meaning of contemporary culture is a new clue to improving the urban physical environment and changing the lives and community network of residents. Haebangchon is one of the few remaining spontaneous habitations in Seoul, and was created as a temporary unlicensed shantytown in 1940s. It became the representative habitation for common people in downtown Seoul through the revitalization of the 60s and the local reform through self-sustaining redevelopment projects during the 70s through the 90s. This area still contains the image of times during the 50s to the 60s, the 70s to the 80s and present, with the percentage of long-term stay residents high. Within this context, the site is divided into third quarters, and the research undertaken by observation and investigation to determine characteristics of urban gardening as an everydayness. It can be said that urban gardening and garden culture in Haebangchon is a unique location culture that has accumulated in the crevices of the physical condition and culture of life. These places are an expression of resident's desires that seeking out nature and gardening as revealed in densely-populated areas and the grounds of practical acting and participating in care and cultivation. It forms a unique, indigenous local landscape as an accumulation of everyday life of residents. Urban gardens in detached home has retained the original function of the dwelling and the garden, or 'madang', and takes on the characteristic of public space through the sharing of a public nature as well as semi-private spatial characteristic. Also, urban gardens including small kitchen garden and flowerpots that appear in the narrow streets provide pleasure as a part of nature that blossoms in narrow alley and functions as a public garden for exchanging with neighbors by sharing produce. This paper provides the concept of redefining the relationship between the private-public area that occurs between outside spaces that are cut off in a modern city.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2013

In the medical field, the necessity of education growth for the professional Radiation Technologists has been emphasized to become experts on radiation and the radiation field is important of the society. Also, in hospitals and companies, important on thesis is getting higher in order to active and cope with rapidly changing internal and external environment and a more in-depth expert training, the necessity of new teaching and learning model that can cope with changes in a more proactive has become. Thesis writing classes brought limits to the in-depth learning as to start a semester and rely on only specific programs besides, inevitable on passive participation. In addition, it does not have a variety opportunity to present, an actual opportunity that can be written and discussed does not provide much caused by instructor-led classes. As well as, it has had a direct impact on the quality of the thesis, furthermore, having the opportunity to participate in various conferences showed the limitations. In order to solve these problems, in this study, writing thesis has organized training operations as a consistent gradual deepening of learning, at the same time, the operational idea was proposed based on the connectivity integrated operating and effective training program & instructional tool for improving the ability to perform the written actual thesis. The development of teaching and learning model consisted of 4 system modeling, scaffolding, articulation, exploration. Depending on the nature of the course, consisting team following the personal interest and the topic allow for connection subject, based on this, promote research capacity through a step-by-step evaluation and feedback and, fundamentally strengthen problem-solving skills through the journal studies, help not only solving the real-time problem by taking wiki-space but also efficient use of time, increase the quality of the thesis by activating cooperation through mentoring, as a result, it was to promote a positive partnership with the academic. Support system in three stages planning subject, progress & writing, writing thesis & presentation and based on cognitive apprenticeship. The ongoing Coaching and Reflection of professor and expert was applied in order to maintain these activities smoothly. The results of this study will introduce actively, voluntarily and substantially join to learners, by doing so, culture the enhancement of creativity, originality and the ability to co-work and by enhance the expertise of based-knowledge, it is considered to be help to improve the comprehensive ability.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.15-32
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• 2017

This study investigated the effectiveness of home economics class on self-esteem and stress of middle school students. Data were collected from self-reported inventory of the middle school students in Y city of Gyeonggi province and 165 data copies were used for analyses. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, corelation and dependent t-test using SPSS/PC 18.0 program. The results were as follows. First, the average of positive self-esteem was 2.74 and that of negative self-esteem was 1.90 on a 4 Likert scale. The range of stress level was 1.88~2.48 on a 5 Likert scale. Life satisfaction was 3.90 and helpfulness of home economics class was 3.89 on a 5 point Likert scale, which means moderately high. Second, examining differences in variables according to gender, there were statistically significant differences in stress regarding family for both pre- and post-tests. Third, helpfulness of home economics class had positive correlation with positive self-esteem and life satisfaction and had negative correlation with negative self-esteem and stress, which means that home economics class enhance life satisfaction and positive self-esteem and lessen negative self-esteem and stress of middle students. Fourth, as a result of comparison of pre and post-tests, positive self-esteem, life satisfaction, and helpfulness of home economics class increased statistically after home economics classes, while stress regarding school life decreased statistically. Even though students' growth and changes resulting from learning other subjects were not controlled, it was meaningful that effectiveness of home economics class were examined and helpful information for enhancing perception of home economics education were provided.