• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.582-594
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• 2012

A simple ecohydorlogic model that simulates hydrologic components and vegetation dynamics simultaneously based on equations of soil water dynamics and vegetation's growth and mortality is discussed. In order to simulate ungauged watersheds, the proposed model is calibrated with indirected estimated observation data set; 1) empirically estimated annual vaporization, 2) monthly surface runoff estimated by NRCS-CN method, and 3) vegetation fraction estimated by SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI. In order to check whether the model is performed well with indirectly estimated data or not, four upper dam watersheds (Andong, Habcheon, Namgang, Milyang) in Nakdong River watershed are selected, and the model is verified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.263-266
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of ponding depth treatment on water balance in paddy fields. The ponding depth treatments were very shallow, shallow and deep. Daily values of rainfall amount, ponding depth, irrigation water, drainage water, evapotranspiration, and infiltration were measured in the field. The medium ponded plots saved irrigation water about 16% to 53.4% without any statistical difference in rice growth and yields. Hence, the medium ponded depth treatment is better than the traditional deep ponded depth to save water in the transplanted rice culture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1993

Four isocaloric (68.71, 67.07, 66.68 and 66.25% TDN) and isonitrogenous (12.96, 13.36, 13.36 and 12.96% CP) diets without or with 20, 25 and 30% broiler litter were fed to 20 male kids for 90 days. Weight gain and feed efficiency were higher (p < 0.05) for kids offered control diets as compared to kids fed diets containing broiler litter. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the feed intake with increasing level of broiler litter in the diets. Digestibility for organic matter, crude protein and crude fibre were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of broiler litter in the diets, whereas inclusion of broiler litter depressed (p < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter and ash. Nitrogen balance was positive for all diets, however, nitrogen retention decreased (p < 0.01) with the increased level of broiler litter. Blood Na, K, Ca, P and urea-N were within normal range.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.549-554
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the solder properties by the change of P mass percentage. Tension test, wetting balance test, spread test, and analysis of intermetallic compound after isothermal aging of Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.005P, Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.01P, Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu-0.02P, Sn-0.7Cu-0.005P were performed. Adding P in the solder alloys resulted in improvement of tensile strength, reduction of intermetallic compound growth, reduction of oxidization in fusible solders under wave soldering. After comparing solder alloy containing P with tin-lead eutectic solder alloy, P contained solders alloys showed much better solder properties than eutectic solder alloy. Furthermore, this solder alloy presented remarkable properties than any other lead-free solder alloy.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 2002

Ventures through technological innovation are increasingly suggested as one of the main engines for economic growth that can help control inflation and black trade balance. The Purpose of this study is to extract the network performance factors for ventures according to ventures life cycle. For the Purpose, the existing studies were examined into start-up company, entrepreneurial firm, smell firms with competitive advantage against large firms, and ventures network activity. And 63 samples from ventures in Korea were taken and analyzed empirically. The analyses and results are (1) the actual conditions of network activity on ventures; (2) the investigation of relationship between network activity and performance of ventures by venture's life cycle through the observations of Korean ventures. From the results, It Is also found that factors such as external environment and a ventures life cycle have been considered as the main influences on the performance of ventures. In addition, limitations and suggestions for further studies are noted.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.298-302
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• 2000

Fermentation parameters were estimated by use of a vent gas analyzer coupled to a computer data acquisition system in cultivation of Phellinus linteus WI-001, pro-ducer of polysaccharides known to have potent anticancer activities. Oxygen uptake rate(OUR), a critical indicator of the cells activities, was calculated by applying oxygen mass balance. In addition, by dividing the oxygen uptake rate hy the total oxygen consumed, on-line estimation of the cells specific growth rate was successfully done. It was also possible to estimate cell concentration directly bt use of oxygen-cell yield($Y_{x/o}$ ) which was obtained based on a correlation between cell growth and total oxygen consumed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 1998

The dose response effects of different levels of wheat barn (WB) supplementation to a rice straw based diet has been studied in growing native (Bos indicus) bulls of Bangladesh. Twelve bulls of $266{\pm}29.6kg$ live weight and $32{\pm}9.5$ months old were given either of three diets of ad libitum untreated rice straw alone (T1) or straw supplemented with 2 (T2) or 3 (T3) kg WB. Besides, the experimental animals also received a mineral mixture. In 4 weeks, data were recorded on the intake, digestibility, microbial N (MN) yield, N balance (NB) and growth rate (GR). In the three diets, WB was 0 (T1), 29.6 (T2) and 42 (T3) percent of the total DM intake. With the increasing levels of WB supplementation, the total DM and OM intake increased, but the straw intake decreased linearly. WB supplementation increased the digestibilities of DM, OM and N but had no effect on ADF digestibility. The urinary purine derivative excretion and hence the MN yield increased with WB supplementation. The total MN yield were 7.26 and 35 g/d respectively for 0.2 and 3 kg WB supplementation. However, the efficiency of MN yield was highest (13 g/kg DOMR) at 2 kg WB level. Despite the increase DOM intake, the dietary ME content remain below 6 MJ/kg DM even at 3 kg WB supplementation. The NB were -84,467 and 1,620 mg/kg $W^{0.75}/d$ which were reflected on the GR of -186,346 and 554 g/d for 0, 2 and 3 kg WB supplementation respectively. Depending on the cost effectiveness, on an untreated rice straw diet, WB may be supplemented by up to 3 kg/d (42% of the diet) or more. However, if the maximum utilization of roughage is the main concern, the optimum WB level would probably be around 2 kg (30% of the diet) daily.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.245-262
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• 2013

The transaction size between South Korea and the European Union (EU) had increased by more than two times among 2003 to 2008. With rapid growth of transaction, the EU was becoming important transaction object of South Korea gradually. EU has used the Antidumping policy as a trade protection tool against Korean products due to reduce the deficit of trade balance of payment, boost the economic growth and protect its weak industries. This paper investigates whether there is a connection between the EU's macroeconomic activity and pressures for protection to Korean products under antidumping measures with using the current data that come from the WTO, World Bank for 2004 to 2012. The result suggests that pressures for protection under Antidumping measure against exporting of Korean products to EU have increased during periods of macroeconomic weakness of low GDP growth, larger deficit of trade balance, however, has not significantly affected during periods of high unemployment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2011

The gene bolA was discovered in the 80's, but unraveling its function in the cell has proven to be a complex task. The BolA protein has pleiotropic effects over cell physiology, altering growth and morphology, inducing biofilm formation, and regulating the balance of several membrane proteins. Recently, BolA was shown to be a transcription factor by repressing the expression of the mreB gene. The present report shows that BolA is a transcriptional regulator of the dacA and dacC genes, thus regulating both DD-carboxypeptidases PBP5 and PBP6 and thereby demonstrating the versatility of BolA as a cellular regulator. In this work, we also demonstrate that reduction of cell growth and survival can be connected to the overexpression of the bolA gene in different E. coli backgrounds, particularly in the exponential growth phase. The most interesting finding is that overproduction of BolA affects bacterial growth differently depending on whether the cells were inoculated directly from a plate culture or from an overnight batch culture. This strengthens the idea that BolA can be engaged in the coordination of genes that adapt the cell physiology in order to enhance cell adaptation and survival under stress conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.737-744
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• 2004

In this study, to evaluate the effect of forest vegetation on the long-term water balance in a watershed, semi-distributed and physically based parameter model, SWAT was applied to the Bocheong watershed, and the variation of hydrological components such as evapotranspiration, surface flow, lateral flow, base flow, and total runoff was investigated with coniferous and deciduous forests, respectively. First, SWAT model was modified to simulate the actual plant growth pattern of coniferous trees which have the uniform value of leaf area index all the seasons of the year. The modified model was applied to the watershed that is assumed to have only one land cover in the whole watershed, and the variation of the water balance components was investigated for each land cover. It was found that coniferous forest affected the increase in evapotranspiration and decrease in runoff more than deciduous forest. However, the age and the density of stand, the location, and soil characteristics and meteorological conditions including the tree species should be also considered to examine the effect more quantitatively and to reduce the uncertainties in simulated output from the hydrological model.