• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1998

Histological damage and growth inhibition of Pinus densiflora were analysed in different areas around the Metropolitan area of Seoul urban (heavily polluted), suburban (lightly polluted), and rural(unpolluted) areas. Soil properties of each area were also investigated. Contact angles of water droplet on needle leaves growing in polluted areas were lower than that in unpolluted area. Transpiration rates of needle leaves growing in polluted areas were more rapid than that in unpolluted area. These results represented that needle leaves growing in polluted areas were more susceptible to water deficit than that growing in unpolluted area was. Growths of annual ring of Pinus densiflora growing in polluted areas were lower than that in unpolluted area. On the other hand, soil pH in polluted areas was lower than that in unpolluted area. That is, the former was more acidified than that the latter was. Ca and Mg contents in polluted areas were lower than that in unpolluted area, while Al contents in polluted areas were higher than that in unpolluted area. These soil properties revealed that the effects of acid precipitates in urban and suburban areas were severer than that in rural area.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.196-199
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• 2005

수질이 고추냉이 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 현무암지인 철원과 석회암지인 평창에서 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수질은 지역별 차이가 현저하여 현무암지인 철원에 비하여 석회암지인 평창은 $NO_3$, Cl, $SO_4$, Ca, Mg함량이 높았고 석회암지에서의 용존 성분 변화는 갈수기와 홍수기간에 큰 차이가 있었다. 용수의 pH, EC도 현무암지에 비하여 석회암지에서 매우 높았다. 2. 수온의 연변화는 현무암지에서는 연중 일정하였으나 석회암지에서는 $9\~13^{\circ}C$로 연중 변이가 있었다. 3. 토양경도는 재배월수가 경과하면서 높았으며 특히 석회암지에서는 뚜렷하게 경도가 높아졌다. 4. 생육 및 수량은 현무암지에서 높았다. 5. 고추냉이 근경의 품질은 현무암지에서 높은 등급이 많이 분포하였고 근경의 경도도 높았다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1995

본 연구는 강원도에 분포하는 소나무를 대상으로 지리적(地理的) 요인(要因)에 의한 소나무 생장권역(生長圈域)을 구분하는데 목적이 있다. 기초자료로는 생장추로 채취한 공시목편의 직경 연년생장량(連年生長量)의 실측치를 이용하였다. 실측된 연년생장량내의 개체간 변이를 표준화(標準化) 과정을 통해 제거하였고 표준화된 값으로 지역별 평균연대기(平均年代期)를 산출하였다. 지역별 평균연대기들을 집락분석(集落分析)하여 직경의 연년생장 패턴에 따라 생장지역을 구분하였다. 분석결과 영동과 영서지방 소나무의 연년생장 패턴이 지리적 분포와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 또한 영서내륙지방은 지리적 요인에 따른 생장패턴의 변이가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2007

This study was conducted to elucidate the mid-growth of Norway spruce at the age of 27 and select the superior provenances in Korea. Growth performance of twenty-four provenances from Germany and Rumania were investigated in four plantations. Significant differences were found in growth (height, DBH, volume) with plantations. Maximum growth were detected on plantation Chuncheon which located in most northern area, and minimum growth were detected on plantation Wanju located in most southern area. The rank of height in provenances has fluctuated, but superior/inferior groups have been almost fixed. 840-23, 840-10, 840-19 in Germany, G1-64-57, G1-64-54 in Rumania proved excellent provenances. Height in early stage positively correlated with that in late stage. The growth was positively correlated with latitude and altitude of plantations, but negatively correlated with temperature.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature control by a shade tree and the lawn area. In this investigation, we find out that artificial-lawn, concerte, and exposed soil are more higher temperature than covered with plant materials. The results of the measurement may to summerized as follows; 1) Low-temperature effects of zoysia japonica is more controlled by condition of growth than leaf length of grass. Surface temperature make 0.7$^{\circ}C$ difference between long grass (15cm), and short grass (5cm), but make 5$^{\circ}C$ difference between good growth grass (230/10$\textrm{cm}^2$) and bad growth grass (80/10$\textrm{cm}^2$). 2) The surface temperature of the lawn area is 40.5$^{\circ}C$ lower on a maxinum than that of the artificial lawn (July 28, 1985). During the day of summer, shade area under the shade tree is 0.9$^{\circ}C$ lower then lawn area surface temperature, 6.9$^{\circ}C$ lower than bad growth lawn, 10.3$^{\circ}C$ lower than exposed soil, and 18$^{\circ}C$ lower than concrete surface temperature. 3) Natural irrigation effect on the surface temperature fluctuation. But this effect is changed by compositions of ground materials and time-lapse. 4) Sunny day is more effective than cloud day. 5) In summer season, surface temperature make a difference compare to temperature of 0.5-1.5m height from ground : Surface temperature is 3.4$^{\circ}C$ lower at the lawn area (11 a.m.), 4.2$^{\circ}C$ lower at the shade area the shade tree, 12.7$^{\circ}C$ higher at the concrete area (3p.m.), 38.8$^{\circ}C$ higher at the artificial lawn (2p.m.) 6) According to compositions of ground materials and season have specific vertical temperature distribution curve. 7) In summer season, temperature distribution of 0.5-1.5m hight at the shade tree is 4.8-5.7$^{\circ}C$ lower than concrete area (noon-3p.m.)

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.190-195
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• 2014

방향성 응고법으로 잉곳을 성장시킬 때 발생하는 온도 구배에 의해 잉곳 내에 결함이 생성되고 잔류 응력이 남게 된다. 이 결함과 잔류 응력은 잉곳의 성장 조건에 따라 달라지며, 웨이퍼의 특성에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 성장 속도의 변화에 상관 없이 대부분의 잉곳에서는 하부 영역에 비해 상부 영역에서 결정립과 쌍정경계의 크기가 작았으며, 결정립계뿐만 아니라 결정립 내에도 전위 밀도가 높았다. 이것은 상부 영역에서 성장 중에 받는 열 응력이 하부 영역보다 크다는 것을 암시한다. 두 잉곳 간의 차이를 보았을 때에는 성장 속도가 느린 잉곳에서 전위 밀도가 감소하였으며, 웨이퍼의 평탄도, 뒤틀림, 휨, 절단자국이 낮게 측정되었다. 따라서 다결정 성장 공정에서는 냉각 속도가 결함이나 잔류 응력의 발생에 미치는 영향이 크며, 그로 인하여 웨이퍼의 특성이 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.96-108
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• 2011

우리나라는 1960년대 이후 산업화 및 도시화 과정에서 발생한 낙후지역을 해소하기 위해 다양한 지원사업을 추진해 왔으나, 일부 성과에도 불구하고 적잖은 한계를 노정하였다. 이에 따라 최근 그간의 낙후지역 지원사업을 4개 지역(도시지역, 농산어촌, 성장촉진지역, 특수상황지역)으로 통폐합하고, 그 중에서도 낙후도가 심한 지역을 '성장촉진지역'으로 지정하여 육성하는 정책을 시행하게 되었다. 이 연구는 성장촉진지역 육성정책이 성공하기 위해서는 성장촉진지역을 유형화하고 그 특성을 분석 한 뒤, 지역 특성에 알맞은 차별화된 정책 및 사업의 추진이 중요하다는 인식에서 기 선정된 70개 성장촉진지역을 유형화하고 이에 따른 지역 맞춤형 낙후지역 정책을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 우리나라 성장촉진지역은 공간적 특성과 사회경제적 구조의 차이에 따라 4개 유형으로 구분할 수 있으며, 효과적인 육성을 위해서는 각 유형별로 차별적인 정책을 추진할 필요가 있음을 파악할 수 있었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1367-1376
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• 2024

Objective: Parathyroid hormone like hormone (PTHLH), as an essential factor for bone growth, is involved in a variety of physiological processes. The aim of this study was to explore the role of PTHLH gene in the growth of antlers. Methods: The coding sequence (CDS) of PTHLH gene cDNA was obtained by cloning in sika deer (Cervus nippon), and the bioinformatics was analyzed. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the differences expression of PTHLH mRNA in different tissues of the antler tip at different growth periods (early period, EP; middle period, MP; late period, LP). Results: The CDS of PTHLH gene was 534 bp in length and encoded 177 amino acids. Predictive analysis results revealed that the PTHLH protein was a hydrophilic protein without transmembrane structure, with its secondary structure consisting mainly of random coil. The PTHLH protein of sika deer had the identity of 98.31%, 96.82%, 96.05%, and 94.92% with Cervus canadensis, Bos mutus, Oryx dammah and Budorcas taxicolor, which were highly conserved among the artiodactyls. The qRT-PCR results showed that PTHLH mRNA had a unique spatio-temporal expression pattern in antlers. In the dermis, precartilage, and cartilage tissues, the expression of PTHLH mRNA was extremely significantly higher in MP than in EP, LP (p<0.01). In the mesenchyme tissue, the expression of PTHLH mRNA in MP was significantly higher than that of EP (p<0.05), but extremely significantly lower than that of LP (p<0.01). The expression of PTHLH mRNA in antler tip tissues at all growth periods had approximately the same trend, that is, from distal to basal, it was first downregulated from the dermis to the mesenchyme and then continuously up-regulated to the cartilage tissue. Conclusion: PTHLH gene may promote the rapid growth of antler mainly through its extensive regulatory effect on the antler tip tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.903-912
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• 2016

Morphological and anatomical evaluation of grafted P. merkusii have been undertaken to obtain the information about compatible and incompatible symptoms of 18 years old grafts based on morphological observation and microscopic analysis. Samples of compatible and incompatible grafts were obtained from previous research conducted by the Silviculture Departement Team in 1994. Result showed that compatible grafts have normal stem form and secondary growth (diameter growth), but some abnormality symptoms like undulated pattern of annual growth rings, phloem thickening and abnormality resin ducts in inner and middle parts of the union area occurred. Incompatible ones showed abnormality of the stem form, cortex-bark necrosis and swelling in the union area. Microscopic observation showed abnormality of all parts of the union, undulated pattern of annual growth rings, phloem thickening, abnormal resin ducts, low numbers and discontinuity of vascular elements in the union area.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.5-27
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• 2002

This paper evaluate and compare effectiveness of urban growth management measures in Korea using system dynamics model. Simple urban dynamics model was used to compare urban growth management measures. Since the late 1960s, Korean government has been implementing various urban growth management measures without much success. In the 1960s, factories, universities, and public agencies were strongly encouraged to move out to local areas. During the 1970s, regulations on greenbelt area was adopted to prevent urban sprawl. Besides, regulations to prevent location of population inducing facilities, and promoting dislocation of those facilities were implemented simultaneously. During the 1990, regulations on total number of factories in the metropolitan area, development fees were adopted. These various method of urban management were compared. Simulation results shows that promoting decentralization of population, preventing population immigration, expanding greenbelt area are effectiveness ones compared to controlling total number of population inducing facilities, and preventing construction of new industries. Some implications of the findings were discussed.