• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2016

Background Innovation has molded the current landscape of plastic surgery. However, documentation of this process only exists scattered throughout the literature as individual articles. The few attempts made to profile innovation in plastic surgery have been narrative, and therefore qualitative and inherently biased. Through the implementation of a novel innovation metric, this work aims to identify and characterise the most prevalent innovations in plastic surgery over the last 50 years. Methods Patents and publications related to plastic surgery (1960 to 2010) were retrieved from patent and MEDLINE databases, respectively. The most active patent codes were identified and grouped into technology areas, which were subsequently plotted graphically against publication data. Expert-derived technologies outside of the top performing patents areas were additionally explored. Results Between 1960 and 2010, 4,651 patents and 43,118 publications related to plastic surgery were identified. The most active patent codes were grouped under reconstructive prostheses, implants, instruments, non-invasive techniques, and tissue engineering. Of these areas and other expert-derived technologies, those currently undergoing growth include surgical instruments, implants, non-invasive practices, transplantation and breast surgery. Innovations related to microvascular surgery, liposuction, tissue engineering, lasers and prostheses have all plateaued. Conclusions The application of a novel metric for evaluating innovation quantitatively outlines the natural history of technologies fundamental to the evolution of plastic surgery. Analysis of current innovation trends provides some insight into which technology domains are the most active.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to develope brand positioning map for ladies' ready-to-wear, to find out evaluative criteria in perception and preference to brands, and to persent the relationship between consumer's characteristics and brand preference. Subjects were selected for the housewives of middle and high socioeconomic classes living in Seoul area. A questionnaire including items of life style, self image, similarity between brands, preference degree to brands, and demographic variables was developed for the empirical study. The questionnaire was administrated to 137 housewives during fall in 1989. Data were analyzed by cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling method. The study had two research problems. The first research problem was to construct a brand perceptual map for ladies' ready-to-wear brands, selected for the study The perceptual map was constructed on the basis of brand similarity scores by multidimensional scaling method. As a result, brands were grouped into 4 clusters, and evaluative criteria for perceptual map were found to be fashionability (classic- fashionable) and familiarity (familiar-unfamiliar). The second problem was to construct a brand preference map for ladies' ready-to-wear brands, selected for the study. The preference map was constructed on the basis of brand preference scores by multidimensional scaling method. As a result, the brands were grouped into 4 clusters and evaluative critiera for preference map were found to be fashionability (unfashionable-fashionable) and image to age (mature-young directed). Also was shown the relationship among self image, age, socioeconomic class, and brand preference. The multidimensional scaling method was found to be useful as well as valid instrument for brand positioning research and the result can be utilized for establishing strategies for ladies' ready-to-wear brands.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5280-5287
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• 2014

This paper proposes a method in which classes are grouped as a hierarchical tree structure for the effective classification of the Raman spectra. As experimental data, the Raman spectra of 28 chemical compounds were obtained, and pre-treated with noise removal and normalization. The spectra that induced a classification error were grouped into the same class and the hierarchical structure class was composed. Each high and low class was classified using a PCA-MAP method. According to the experimental results, the classification of 100% was achieved with 2.7 features on average when the proposed method was applied. Considering that the same classification rates were achieved with 6 features using the conventional method, the proposed method was found to be much better than the conventional one in terms of the total computational complexity and practical application.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 1994

This study measured variables influencing the breast feeding patterns of lactating mothers over a 40 day period In 1993 in the Jeonla area. The Methodology used was a questionnaire covering 92 items based on statistical discriminant analysis. The results were as follows : The successful group was measured against the unsuccessful group over a 4month lactation period ; The successful group was measured over a 4month lactation period ; the unsuccessful less than 4month lactation period. Principal factor analysis was used to generate comparative data factors which were ; 1) nonunderstanding of mother's breast feeding, 2) physical and psychological stress, 3) insufficient milk supply, 4) mother's negative acceptance of baby, 5) lack of spousal support, 6) sore nipple and breast pain, 7) baby's negative acceptance, 8) lack of familial support, 9) baby's diarrhea and watery milk. Discriminant statistical analysis of sever factors included ; 1) insufficient milk supply 2) sore nipple and breast pain, 3) pre-natal planning of breast feeding method, 4) mother's occupation 5) breast feeding method of previous infant, 6) nipple type, and 7) infant birth order. This analysis predicted a 78.9% successful breast feeding. Criterion correlation analysis revealed ; D=-1.780+.165$\times$(Fac3)+.135$\times$(Fac6)+.927$\times$(prenatal planning of breast feeding method)+.900$\times$(mother's occupation)+.675$\times$ (breast feeding method of previous infant)+1.0l4$\times$(nipple type)+.378$\times$(infant birth order). We classified the unsuccessful group as more than .63937 and the successful group less than -.82742 of the D value obtained from the above criterion correlation in order to check the success or the non-success of breast feeding mothers. The rate of correct classification of the grouped cases employing a statistical discriminant analysis was significantly improved to 78.9% when these cases were compared with the actual grouped classification.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-43
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine cultural differences and related difficulties which KoreanChinese women in Korean society experience at work and the different styles of their cultural adaptation. For this, semi-structured interviews consisting of questions related to these issues were conducted on 17 Korean-Chinese women living in the metropolitan area (average age: 34, SD = 9.25, average stay in Korea = 4 years, SD = 2.24). After analysis of qualitative data based on Giorgi's(1985) method of phenomenological analysis, a total of 225 significant statements were found and those were grouped into 23 subcategories, which were then grouped again into 9 categories. Cultural differences and related difficulties appeared in identity, verbal communication, political and economic aspects, and relational and sexual affairs. It was also revealed that Korean-Chinese women adapted in the three ways of Active, Passive, and Avoident. Lastly, various social actions that can aid the adaptation of Korean-Chinese women to Korea based on these results were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 2011

Clustering is an useful method to classify objects into subsets that have some meaning in the context of a particular problem and has been applied in variety of fields, customer relationship management, data mining, pattern recognition, and biotechnology etc. This paper addresses the unknown K clustering problems and presents a new approach based on a coevolutionary algorithm to solve it. Coevolutionary algorithms are known as very efficient tools to solve the integrated optimization problems with high degree of complexity compared to classical ones. The problem considered in this paper can be divided into two sub-problems; finding the number of clusters and classifying the data into these clusters. To apply to coevolutionary algorithm, the framework of algorithm and genetic elements suitable for the sub-problems are proposed. Also, a neighborhood-based evolutionary strategy is employed to maintain the population diversity. To analyze the proposed algorithm, the experiments are performed with various test-bed problems which are grouped into several classes. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1291-1298
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• 2017

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the most common medical imaging device with the ability to image the retina in eyes at micrometer resolution and to visualize the pathological indicators of many retinal diseases such as Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Accordingly, there have been research activities to analyze and process OCT images to identify those indicators and make medical decisions based on the findings. In this paper, we use a deep convolutional neural network for analysis of OCT volume data to distinguish AMD from normal patients. We propose a novel approach where images in each OCT volume are grouped together into sub-volumes and the network is trained by those sub-volumes instead of individual images. We conducted an experiment using public data set to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The experiment confirmed performance improvement of our approach over the traditional image-by-image training approach.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.156-161
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• 2017

Transcriptome analysis has been widely used to make biomarker panels to diagnose cancers. In breast cancer, the age of the patient has been known to be associated with clinical features. As clinical transcriptome data have accumulated significantly, we classified all human genes based on age-specific differential expression between normal and breast cancer cells using public data. We retrieved the values for gene expression levels in breast cancer and matched normal cells from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We divided genes into two classes by paired t test without considering age in the first classification. We carried out a secondary classification of genes for each class into eight groups, based on the patterns of the p-values, which were calculated for each of the three age groups we defined. Through this two-step classification, gene expression was eventually grouped into 16 classes. We showed that this classification method could be applied to establish a more accurate prediction model to diagnose breast cancer by comparing the performance of prediction models with different combinations of genes. We expect that our scheme of classification could be used for other types of cancer data.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.85-107
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• 2004

This study classified figure types of adult males into several kinds of shape to provide fundamental data for their clothing sizing system. The subjects were 1496 men aged between 20 and 60 years old. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The results were as follows 1. For the result of the interview, the data were grouped into three age brackets: 20-35,31-45 and 41-60 years. 2. Factor analysis using values, which were measurements divided by either weight or height, was carried out to extract factors which characterize the various figures. fve factors to determine the figure types were extracted. 3. Cluster analysis using factor scores was carried out to categorize the figure types within the age groups. Figure types, describing shoulder angie and body shape, were categorized into 3 per age group. 4. Stepwise discriminant analysis w3s used to ensure that these clusters could be utilized with appropriate hit ratio. The hit ratio for each age group was around 80%.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.759-769
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• 2001

To find the experience about clients with hypertension and to help them to care for themselves in the community. Method: All data was collected from August 1999 to October 1999, through in-depth interviews, observation, and telephone interview with 7 participants who have been diagnosed with hypertension for 1 to 10 years. According to Strauss and Corbin's Methodology, the data was continuously coded into concepts and categories, and then new data was analyzed simultaneously by a constant comparative method. Results: There are 171 concepts, and then they were grouped into 34 the lower categories and 15 to the upper categories. The course of the coping of fear in hypertensive client consisted of 6 processes. The awareness of seriousness was context, and the fear was core phenomenon about the coping experience. We also found that hypertensive clients have 3 patterns, depending on the awareness degree of seriousness and the fear about hypertension. Conclusion: Our nurses should recognize the importance of effective management and seriousness about hypertension, offer clients the importance of family support and the information of etiology, symptoms and signs of hypertension, and provide the correct information on hypertensive medication. We should be able to guide their fear about hypertension to positive self-management, so that they may manage their disease thoroughly and effectively.