• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1980

In 1979 during the period of about 10 months 320 cases of open heart surgery were done in Seoul National University Hospital. There were 220 Congenital anomaly cases consisting of 113 acyanotic and 107 cyanotic varieties, and 1 O0 acquired cardiac lesions. Out of 100 acquired lesions 96 were valvular cues. Among 97 valve replacement cases 3 were Ebstein anomaly treated with plication and tricuspid valve replacement. Operative mortality rate for congenital anomaly was 10.6%, with 2.7% for acyanotic and 22.4% for cyanotic group. For acquired lesions over all operative mortality was 7%. Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular septal defect, and atrial septal defect were the 3 main congenital anomalies, with 88 cues, 69 cases, and 27 cues respectively. In 61 simple ventricular septal defect without other anomalies operative mortality rate was 1.6%, in 27 atrial septal defect no death and, in tetralogy of Fallot 12.2%. Among 69 ventricular septal defect cases 19[27.5%] type I VSDs, after Kirklin-Becu classification, were found, rather high relative incidence of type I compared with Caucasian patients. Among 97 valve replacement cases 20 double valves were replaced-11 mitral with aortic and 9 mitral with tricuspid valves. Over all operative mortality rate for valve replacement was 8.2% with 3.3% in 61 mitral valve replace-merit. The over all operative mortality rate for 320 open heart surgery cases was 10.6%. Bubble type oxygenator and xenograft bioprosthetic valves were utilized In almost all cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.580-587
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• 2018

The baking properties of rice bread with polydextrose (3, 6, and 9%), enzymes (0.006, 0.009, and 0.018%) and egg (1.32 and 2.64%) were investigated. The specific gravity and color (L, a, b) of the dough, as well as the appearance, color (L, a, b) and texture of the rice bread were analyzed. The springiness, chewiness, gumminess (p<0.01) and hardness (p<0.001) of the rice bread tended to increase as the amount of added polydextrose increased. Replacement of rice flour with hemicellulase, glucose oxidase and fungal amylase are effective for producing rice bread. Replacement of rice flour with 0.009% glucose oxidase and 0.006% fungal amylase had a significant effect on increasing the volume and decreasing the hardness of the rice bread (p<0.001). Replacement of rice flour with 1.32% egg white also had a significant effect on increasing the volume and decreasing the hardness of the rice bread (p<0.001). These results suggest that replacement of rice flour with 0.009% glucose oxidase and 0.006% fungal amylase, and 1.32% egg white are effective for producing rice bread with good volume and hardness.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.667-673
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• 2007

Background: Patients with severe aortic valve disease frequently display mitral valve regurgitation (MR). In such patients, the clinical course of MR after isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) may be important for determining the treatment strategies. After isolated AVR, the change of the concomitant moderate degree or less of MR according to the type of aortic valve disease is not known well. The aim of this study was to analyze the post-operative changes of MR after performing AVR in those patients with severe AS (Group S) and those with severe AR (Group R). Material and Method: We retrospectively evaluated 43 patients with severe aortic disease and a moderate degree or less of mitral valve regurgitation, and these patients underwent isolated aortic valve replacement from January 1996 to June 2005. The patients were divided into two groups: the aortic valve stenosis group (n = 29) and the aortic valve regurgitation group (n = 14). The patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography preoperatively and at 7 days, $6{\sim}10$ months and more than 18 months (mean follow-up duration: 38 months) postoperatively. Result: The mean age was 60.9 years (Group S: 62 years, Group R: 52.5 years) and 60% (Group S=55%, Group R=71%) of the patients were male. The preoperative MR was mild in 29 (67.5%), mild to moderate in 11 (25.5%), and moderate in 3 (6.9%) patients. In the Group S patients, MR improved in 16 (55%) patients at the immediate postoperative days and in 17 (59%) patients at more than 18 months postoperatively. On the other hand, all the Group R patients exhibited earlier improvement. The decrease of LA size had a similar pattern to the MR change, but there were no significant differences in the change of the ejection fraction of the two groups. Conclusion: In the patients with severe aortic valve disease and concomitant low grade MR, the MR after AVR improved earlier and more effectively in the patients with AR than in those patients with AS.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.763-779
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• 2015

This study estimate the adequate replacement rate of retirement income by income brackets and suggests roles of pension and non-pension income sources to achieve it for each income bracket. Priori research focused on elderly poverty; however, there has been little discussion about an adequate income level for retirement. We calculate an adequate income replacement rate separately for the poor, middle, and high income group as well as the average level of replacement rate for all groups. We also investigate the gap between the adequate income replacement rates and realized rates, and propose roles for each income source to curtail the gap. It is essential to recognize that the adequate income for retirement is unable to be met only by an annuity. To emove the gap, it is vital to utilize non-pension income although annuity is a primary source for retirement. Especially, the public and private pension plays a role to overcome poverty and live affluent in retirement, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to conduct an Otago exercise program with total knee replacement patient (TKR) in a clinical setting and ascertain its effects on balance, walking ability and falls efficacy. Methods: The participating subjects were 30 people who had been diagnosed with TKR. They were assigned to two groups (Exp; Otago exercise and general physical therapy, n=15; Con; balance exercise and general physical therapy, n=15), and the exercises were conducted for three sessions per week for four weeks. The main balance outcomes were evaluated using the timed up and go test (TUG), while walking ability was evaluated using the 10m walk test (10MWT), direction change ability was measured using the figure 8 of walk test (F8WT), and the decrease of fear was evaluated using the modified falls efficacy scale (MFES). Results: In the analysis results, the Exp group showed significant increases in TUG, 10MWT, and F8WT within the both groups. There were significant differences in all variables between the Exp group and the Con group at the post-intervention evaluation, but there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the TUG. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that Otago exercise would be useful to improve balance and walking for TKR patients who want to improve their abilities and activities of daily living.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1070-1076
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• 2009

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which prolongs the replicative life span of cells, is highly upregulated in 85-90% of human cancers, whereas most normal somatic tissues in humans express limited levels of the telomerase activity. Therefore, TERT has been a potential target for anticancer therapy. Recently, we described a new approach to human cancer gene therapy, which is based on the group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophila. This ribozyme can specifically mediate RNA replacement of human TERT (hTERT) transcript with a new transcript harboring anticancer activity through a trans-splicing reaction, resulting in selective regression of hTERT-positive cancer cells. However, to validate the therapeutic potential of the ribozyme in animal models, ribozymes targeting inherent transcripts of the animal should be developed. In this study, we developed a Tetrahymena-based trans-splicing ribozyme that can specifically target and replace the mouse TERT (mTERT) RNA. This ribozyme can trigger transgene activity not only also in mTERT-expressing cells but hTERT-positive cancer cells. Importantly, the ribozyme could selectively induce activity of the suicide gene, a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene, in cancer cells expressing the TERT RNA and thereby specifically hamper the survival of these cells when treated with ganciclovir. The mTERT-targeting ribozyme will be useful for evaluation of the RNA replacement approach as a cancer gene therapeutic tool in the mouse model with syngeneic tumors.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2009

Purpose: The treatment effects and operation status of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for acute renal failure patients have been investigated. Method: Two expert nurses reviewed the records of 731 patients undergoing CRRT in an intensive care unit of a general hospital from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2006 with the CRRT assessment sheet and situation sheet developed for this study. Results: The number of patients received CRRT increased from 90 in 2002 to 194 in 2006. The most common indication for CRRT was azotemia (40.0%). Before CRRT treatment, patients were 78.6 ($\pm55.5$) of BUN value and 5.0 ($\pm3.2$) of Cr. value. The standard values of BUN and Cr. were lowered. Compared the survival group with the death group, there were significant differences among the medical departments and the main diagnosis group. Their BUN and creatinine value, APACHE II score, mean blood pressure, and oliguria were significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: This survey demonstrates a trend that patients receiving CRRT has been increased. We suggest further studies are needed in some hospitals in order to generalize the results and to find how CRRT treatment affects patient’s survival and death rate.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

Purpose: The prognosis of total hip replacement (THR) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus THR following non-operative treatment of acetabular fractures is unclear. Few studies have been conducted in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to perform an assessment and compare the functional outcomes for study subjects in the ORIF and non-ORIF groups during the follow-up period compared to baseline. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal comparative study, which included 40 patients who underwent THR for either posttraumatic arthritis after fixation of an acetabular fracture or arthritis following conservative management of a fracture, was conducted for 60 months. Twenty-four patients had undergone ORIF, and 16 patients had undergone nonoperative/conservative management for acetabular fractures. Following THR, the patients were followed up for monitoring of functional outcomes for the Harris hip score (HHS) and comparison between the ORIF and non-ORIF groups was performed. Results: The HHS showed significant improvement in both ORIF and non-ORIF groups. At the end of the mean follow-up period, no significant variation in scores was observed between the groups, i.e., ORIF group (91.61±6.64) compared to non-ORIF group (85.74±11.56). A significantly higher number of re-interventions were required for medial wall fractures and combined fractures compared to posterior fractures (P <0.05). Conclusion: THR resulted in improved functional outcome during follow-up in both the groups; however, the ORIF group was observed to have better functional outcome. Re-intervention was not required for any of the posterior fractures at the end of the mean follow-up period.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2021

Background: Life-long anticoagulant therapy is mandatory for patients who undergo heart valve replacement with implantation of a mechanical prosthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a nurse-led patient educational program concerning oral anticoagulant therapy intake after heart valve replacement surgery on patients' knowledge of important parameters of anticoagulant administration. Methods: In this single-center study, 200 patients who underwent surgical implantation of a mechanical prosthesis were divided into 2 groups. The control group received the basic education concerning oral anticoagulants, while the intervention group received a personalized educational program. Results: Personalized education was correlated with a better regulation of therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) levels and adequate knowledge among patients. Therapeutic levels of INR were achieved in 45% of the patients during the first month, 71% in the third month, and 89% in the sixth month after discharge in the intervention group, compared to 25%, 47%, and 76% in the control group, respectively. Patients' satisfaction with the information was higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The percentage of satisfaction reached 80% for the intervention group versus 37% for the patients of the control group. Conclusion: The implementation of the nurse-led educational programs was associated with improved clinical results and increased adherence to oral anticoagulant treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 1999

Background: Mitral valve replacement(MVR) with chordal preservation in patients with mitral vlavular disease has been proven to be beneficial for left ventricular function and for reduction of postoperative complication. Material and Method: From January 1995 to July 1996, the early postoperative results of mitral valve replacement were compared between 20 patients who underwent chordae resection(classic MVR group) and 10 patients who underwent chordae preservation(preservation MVR group) in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chunbuk National University Hospital. Result: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex, NYHA functional class, cardiothoracic ratio, echocardiographic finding, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross clamping time. The difference between preoperative and postoperative cardiothoracic ratio after 3 months was not statistically significant. At echocardiographic left ventricular evaluation, ejection fraction and fractional shortening decreased slightly in the preservation group then preoperative value (p=0.47, p=0.12), however, decreased significantly in the classic MVR group(p=0.03, p=0.04), and were statistically significant between the two groups(p=0.03, p=0.02). Conclusion: We conclude that MVR with chorda preservation seems to have a beneficial effect on postoperative left ventricular performance in mitral valve disease than the classic MVR.