• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2000

There has been a steady increase in contaminated ground at municipal and industrial site. In this study, investigation and analysis on soil contamination at industrial site was carried out. Testing contaminated soils were sampled at this site. As a result of this study, the concentration of soil was investigated, and measured concentration was compared with related concentration criteria.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 2017

For survival of human beings clean water is an essential commodity whereas contamination in drinking water threatens to mankind. The main cause of water contamination is social and development activities of human being along with increasing population. The community in the study area has acute shortage of drinking water along with about 40 to 60% has no access to safe drinking water. This study indicates drinking water quality of two major sources of coastal belt of Karachi one is supplied by Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB) as tap water and the other through groundwater. The physicochemical analysis was carried out by following the standard methods for checking the quality of drinking water. The analyzed results showed that the quality of groundwater was unfit as potable water. The most critical situation was observed as high level of contamination followed by high turbidity and increased salinity levels. TDS in surface water were found 12% above and TDS in groundwater was 20% below the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) of Pakistan as well as the permissible WHO drinking water quality guidelines.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-128
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• 1992

According to the increase of population and industrialization, the quality of our drinking water are becoming worse by the contamination of resources, production of THM and other halogenated hydrocarbons during the purifying process, the problem of corroded water supplying pipeline, and the water reservoir tanks, Many people choose groundwater to drink instead of city tap water, but sometimes we get report about groundwater contamination by wastes, swage, septic tank, etc. It is reported that in U. S. over 20% of population are drinking groundwater, but U. S EPA reported the groundwater contamination by pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizer, and various chemical substances. Craun, et at announced the groundwater contamination by bacteria which are related with poor installation of septic tank. Johnson and Kross mentioned aboutmethemoglobinemia by NO3-N originated from human and animal feces, organic chemicals, and fertilizer, and as the results the infant mortality could be risen. Some scientist also reported the high concentration of metals in groundwaters and some cation and anions, and volatile organic compou nds. Authors investigated 80 groundwaters in urban, agricultural, and industrial area during last 3 month(June - August) to check any drinking water quality parameters are exceeding the standards. The results were as follow. 1, The average value of ammonia nitrate were within the standard, but 11.76% of urban area were exceeded the 10 rpm standard, in agricultural area 42.3175 were exceeded, and in industrial area 20.2% were exceeded the drinking water standard of 10 ppm. the highest concentration was 29.37 ppd in industrial area. 2. The mean value of metals is not exceeded the standard, but there were some groundwater whose Mn value was 0.424 ppm(standard is 0,3 ppm) in urban area, 0.737 rpm in agricultural area, and 5.188 ppm in industrial area. The highest Zn value was 1.221 ppm (standard is 1.0 ppm)was found in industrial area. 3. The percentage of contamination by general bacteria was 8.82% in urban area, 15.38% in agricultural area, and 15.00% in industrial area. Escherichia coil group was also contaminated by 35.29% in urban area, 30.76% in agricultural area, and 30.00% in industrial area. 4, The pH value was within the standard which means there was no influence by acid or alkali chemicals, nor acid rain Through the above results, all the groundwater should be tested to check the safety for drinking water and should make some alternative methods suitable for drink.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.58-69
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• 2003

Soil contamination in the United States is managed using a risk-based decision making process. In other words, we don't ask, 'how much soil contamination can be cleaned up\ulcorner' Instead we ask, 'how much contamination can be safely left in place\ulcorner' The determination of 'safe' levels of contamination is based upon the potential for exposure and the toxicity of the contaminants of concern in soil. Potential for exposure is determined by evaluating potential exposure pathways from source to receptor given current or reasonably anticipated land use. Soil cleanup goals are then calculated for any complete exposure pathways based upon toxicity and the route of exposure. In some cases, institutional or engineering controls are also used to limit the potential for exposure. In order to prevent a continuous degradation of environmental quality, risk-based cleanup approaches must be combined with strong contamination prevention programs. In addition, alternative risk management approaches should be incorporated into an overall risk reduction strategy.erall risk reduction strategy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1999

Geochemical study was carried out to find out soil contamination at the heaped soil, moved from bottom of the storage pond in Pohang industrial complex, in Moondug, Chemical analysis showed that contents of heavy metals in the soil were higher than those of the ordinary soil. Contents of Cu and Cd in the soil exceeded Korean standard of soil contamination. Especially content of Cu exceeded Korean standard of soil contamination(50ppm) at the six points and at one point content of Cu was 113.3ppm. Contents of Be were so higher than U.S RCRA standard(0.2ppm) that they can affect soil environment. The followed research about relation between pollutant and soil and proper measures are required to prevent soil contamination from affecting environment of Moondug.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.58-63
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• 2016

The study examined the level of heavy metal contamination by dividing military rifle shooting ranges into the three areas, i.e firing, trajectory, and target. The target area was found to be contaminated at a level higher (Cu 845 mg/kg, Pb 30,487 mg/kg) than the Worrisome Level of Soil Contamination (hereinafter referred to as the “Worrisome Level”) The trajectory area was predicted to be free from contamination, but it did indicate contamination although it was pretty much lower (Cu 23 mg/kg, Pb 99 mg/kg) than Worrisome Level. This is attributed to the contamination spread when rearranging the soil of the target area during the maintenance of the shooting range. The firing area was also predicted to be free from heavy metal contamination, but the results analyzed indicated a contamination higher (Cu 201 mg/kg, Pb 2,286 mg/kg) than Worrisome Level. This is attributed to the fragments of the broken bullet scattering due to the pressure generated as the bullet leaves the muzzle. An examination of heavy metal contamination in the discharge area as well as gutters to prevent the intrusion of rain water from perimeter revealed a high level of contamination (Cu 298 mg/kg, Pb 6,497 mg/kg), which makes it necessary to take measures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.11-15
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• 2006

Attempts were made to increase an efficiency of soil contamination investigation systems (SCISs) including Soil Network and Special Soil Contamination Management Facility Sites in Korea. In order to increase low efficiencies resulting from inappropriate SCISs, possible policy suggestions are driven based on the results from problem findings of Korean policy and comparisons of policies on industrialized countries including United States, United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Japan. First, functions of Soil Environment Conservation Act (SECA) on liability should be updated and reinforced to initiate a soil contamination investigation process for stakeholders including an owner(s) or a responsible party(ies) of the potentially soil contamination sites positively. Second, appropriate SCISs should be emerged for implementing the Soil Network and Special Soil Contamination Management Facility Sites properly. Stakeholders for the potentially contaminated sites should easily access and raise the soil contamination issues, and soil contamination investigation implemented by liable and profit environment (consulting) companies should be encouraged. Third, the soil contamination reporting system of SECA needs to change legally responsible. Further more, public announcement system showing soil quality of a site which exceeds a certain scale would be considerable. Fourth, liable environment (consulting) companies should legally execute Soil Environment Assessment of SECA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.542-547
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• 2000

It has become interested in the concept of permeable barriers for the containment and/or destruction of contaminated groundwater. The purpose of these trench-like barriers is to provide in situ capture and possibly destruction of the contaminant while preserving groundwater flow to uncontaminated zones. For instance, a trichloreethylene(TCE) plume may be contained by a permeable in which reactive iron reduces TCE to ethylene and ethane, compounds which can be easily biodegraded. The objective of this research is to examine the feasibility of using zero-valent iron as a clean-up media in permeable reactive barrier system. A series of laboratory column tests are performed. The concentration of influent and effluent water and the rate of clean up are analysed from these test results. The experimental result shows that the majority of the contamination in groundwater is removed in the reactor. And it shows the corresponding increase in the concentration of chloride ions through the reactor. Results from this study indicate that permeable reactive barrier containing admixtures of zero-valent iron and other materials can effectively clean up groundwater contaminated with organic compounds.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

20 groundwater samples in Sahagu Busan were analyzed to understand the characteristics of groundwater quality of the area. Using the data, physical and chemical property, mineral contents, water-rock reaction of the groundwater carried out. The water type in the area is Ca2+-HCO3- and Ca2+-(Cl-+SO42-). Average EC value of the groundwater is 540μS/cm, but in the case of several samples influenced by eawater, the value is up to 4,140μS/cm. Some samples are exceeding the drinking water tandard in NO3-N and NH4-N. On the other hand, contamination by heavy metal is not found.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.424-427
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• 2006

Soil contamination with petroleum oil around a military army was investigated. It showed that soils of a riverside highland, an entrance of the military army, and nearby roads were contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) released from the military army to the depth of approximately 2 m. The measured concentrations were as high as 15,277 mg/kg. A wide range of soil in the riverside highland was contaminated by the movement of oil to the surface soil, which occurred with the vertical movement of groundwater table caused by the change of river water level and groundwater level. Spilled petroleum oil components were released into Wonju Stream by the increase of hydraulic conductivity and the groundwater flow.