• Title/Summary/Keyword: green food zone

Search Result 20, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

Effect of Kimchi and Its Ingredients on the Growth of Helicobacter pylori

  • Jung, Keun-Ok;Kil, Jeung-Ha;Kim, Kwang-Hyuk;Park, Kun-Young
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
    • /
    • v.8 no.2
    • /
    • pp.149-153
    • /
    • 2003
  • Effects of kimchi and its ingredients, vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol on the growth of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Three kimchi variations were studied: a standard recipe (kimchi I) and two functional variations for cancer prevention and treatment made with organically grown ingredients (kimch II and III). Methanol extracts and juices from kimchi I and III did not inhibit the growth of H. pylori. However, 10 mm and 12 mm inhibition zones were formed by methanol extract and juice from kimchi II, which had higher concentrations of red pepper powder (RPP) than those of kimchi I and III. Among the major kimchi ingredients, methanol extracts of RPP, garlic and ginger substantially inhibited the growth of H. pylori. The maximal inhibition zone (30 mm) was attained with garlic treatment. Inhibitory effects of the RPP, garlic and the sub-ingredient mixture (prepared with radish, garlic, RPP, ginger, green onion, sugar and fermented anchovy juice) on H. pylori were decreased by lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Neither the fermented garlic nor the fermented sub-ingredient mixture inhibited the growth of H. pylori. But, the inhibition Bone of fermented RPP was 12 mm, which was less than the 16 mm inhibition zone formed by the non-fermented RPP. Vitamin C and $\beta$-sitosterol which are known to be functional active compounds of kimchi also showed no inhibitory effect on the growth of H. pylori after 3 days of incubation. Further study is needed to determine why the inhibitory effect is removed or decreased by lactic acid fermentation, and to determine if fresh kimchi and lactic acid bacteria of kimchi can inhibit the growth of H. pylori.

A Survey on the Calorie and Nutrient in Children-favored Food within Green Food Zone in Gwangju (광주지역 식품안전보호구역내 어린이 기호식품에 대한 고열량·저영양 성분함량 조사)

  • Yang, Yongshik;Seo, Jungmi;Mun, Sujin;Kim, Taesun;Kim, Bokyung;Choi, Sooyeon;Cho, Baesik;Ha, Dongryong;Kim, Eunsun
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.28 no.4
    • /
    • pp.299-305
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study surveyed the real state of children-favored food sold within the green food zone in Gwangju and whether they were high calorie and low nutrition food (HCLNF) or not. A total of 124 samples, which were kimbab (8), tteokbokki (7), toast (12), and Mandu (8) in meal and fried (potato, 6), fried (etc, 6), sundae (7), chicken (skewed, 7), chicken (gangjeong, 5), hot dog (7), corn dog (7), oden (7), slush (27), and oden soup (10) in between meal, were surveyed. The test items are moisture, ash, crude fat and protein, carbohydrate, free sugars, sodium, and saturated fat. In 35 samples of four meal categories, every samples had sodium more than the criteria (600 mg per serving size) and had saturated fat lower than the criteria (4 g per serving size) except twelve toasts. All of toasts were identified as HCLNF due to saturated fat and sodium contents. Four toasts also exceeded the calorie criteria (500 Kcal per serving size). In 89 samples of ten between meal categories, every samples had protein more than the criteria (2 g serving size) excepting slushes and had free sugars lower than the criteria (17 g per serving size) excepting one chicken (gangjeong). Most of fried foods, chickens (gangjeong), and corn dogs had saturated fat more than the criteria (4 g per serving size). But only five fried foods and five chickens (gangjeong) were identified as HCLNF due to calorie (500 Kcal per serving size). In 27 samples of slushes, 20 samples had free sugars more than the criteria (17 g per serving size) with no protein, so they all were identified as HCLNF.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Extract from Six Vegetables Containing Different Sulfur Compounds (황 함유 채소 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항균활성)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Hee;Kim, Hye-Joung;Byun, Myung-Woo;Yook, Hong-Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.41 no.5
    • /
    • pp.577-583
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study investigated the antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activity $in$ $vitro$ of an 80% ethanol extract from garlic, daikon, leek, ginger, onion, and green onion, which are widely-used ingredients in Korean food that contain sulfur. The total polyphenol content in ginger and leek extracts showed a high value ($233.63{\pm}4.59$ and $220.98{\pm}10.56$ mg/g GAE) and onions, leeks, garlic, and daikon followed by with $69.07{\pm}1.42$, $68.83{\pm}2.11$, $19.41{\pm}0.40$, $19.05{\pm}03.32$ mg/g GAE, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest with ginger extracts ($1.57{\pm}0.15$ mg/mL as $IC_{50}$) followed in order of decreasing activity by leeks, onions, daikon, green onions, and garlic. The results of ABTS radical scavenging activity and FRAP value showed higher antioxidant activity in extracts from ginger and leek. The order of vegetables with most to least prevalent ABTS radical scavenging activity was green onions, onions, garlic, and finally daikon. From greatest to least FRAP value, the relevant vegetables were green onions, onions, daikon, and garlic (p<0.05). Ginger extracts showed promise against seven strains of microbes: $Bacillus$ $cereus$, $Bacillus$ $subtillis$, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$, $Lactobacillus$ $plantarum$, $Escherichia$ $coli$, $Salmonella$ $enterica$, and $Pseudomonas$ $aeruginosa$. Garlic extracts (5 mg/disc) showed strong antimicrobial activity against $B.$ $cereus$ (22.3 mm) and $E.$ $coli$ (24.3 mm). Extracts of both onion and green onion showed antimicrobial activity against only $E.$ $coli$ (12.7 and 10.3 mm) and $B.$ $cereus$ (12.0 and 12.5 mm) at 10 mg/disc, and the inhibition zone diameter from extracts of garlic and leeks were 18.0 mm and 10.4 mm vs. $L.$ $plantarum$ at 10 mg/disc. This study showed positive antioxidant activities for ginger and leeks, and positive antimicrobial activities for leeks and garlic. These sulfur-containing vegetables are widely used in Korean food. Leeks especially could serve as a functional food preservative.

Isolation and Identification of Lactic acid Producing Bacteria from Kimchi and Their Fermentation Properties of Soymilk (젖산 생성능이 우수한 김치 유래 젖산균의 분리 및 두유 발효 특성)

  • Lee, Lan-Sook;Jung, Kyung Hee;Choi, Ung-Kyu;Cho, Chang-Won;Kim, Kyung-Im;Kim, Young-Chan
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.42 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1872-1877
    • /
    • 2013
  • Lactic acid bacteria were selected on the basis of lactic acid producing ability from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. Among the initial screening of over 150 strains selected from the sample, 27 strains were selected as lactic acid producing bacteria, and 4 strains were finally selected based on their ability to produce relatively high levels of lactic acid. The four strains were identified as Lactobacillus (L.) plantarum Gk04, Pediococcus pentosaceus Gk07, L. brevis Gk35 and L. curvatus Gk36 by the conventional morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Among the identified lactic acid bacteria, L. curvatus Gk36 was used for soymilk fermentation. The viable cell counts and acidity values measured for the L. curvatus Gk36 were comparable to the commmercial L. acidopillus. Thus, the L. curvatus Gk36 is a potential probiotic strain to prepare fermented soy products, such as kephir, yogurt, tempeh and soy sauce.

A Study on Auction Mechanism for DMZ Conservation using the South-North Korean Economic Development Projects (남북경제협력에 따른 개발이익 경매와 DMZ 보전기금 확보)

  • Park, Hojeong;Kim, Joonsoon;Kim, Hyunhee
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
    • /
    • v.28 no.1
    • /
    • pp.39-59
    • /
    • 2019
  • The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) has the great ecosystem as all the artificial activities in DMZ have been prohibited over half a century. The ecosystem should be conserved even after the reunification of Korea and hence the conservation plan should be established not after the reunification but before it. It requires a considerable budget to conserve DMZ, considering management of ecology resource, recovery, and research. The objective of this paper is to analyze a fund-raising measure for DMZ conservation, using economic incentives mechanism when multiple developers participate in the auction to get the right to develop North Korean regions, have private information about their sunk costs and pay a part of their profits for the fund. First, we analyze the real option model to decide the optimal investment time. Second, we construct the auction for bidders not to misrepresent their private information, based on Bayesian Nash equilibrium.

Effect of fruit extracts from Sorbus commixta Hedl. on the lipid metabolism in rats (마가목의 열매 추출물이 흰쥐의 지질대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Byung-Hee;Lee, Hyeon-Yong;Lee, Jin-Ha;Kim, Na-Young;Lee, Sung-Yul;Choi, Jin-Tae;Kim, Jae-Heun;Kim, Jong-Dai
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.143-147
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Sorbus commixta Hedl. fruit extracts on the lipid metabolism in rats. Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups; Sprague-dawley rats were fed either diets containing 1% of water extracts(WE group), 1% methanol extracts(MeOH group) and diets without extracts(Control group) during 4 weeks. Food intake, weight gain and liver weight were not shown in meaning full difference among the groups. The concentration of serum triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly decreased in WE and MeOH group compared to control group. Serum HDL-cholesterol, phospholipids and glucose contents were slightly lower in WE and MeOH group than control group. The levels of liver triglyceride was significantly decreased in MeOH group compared to control group. The levels of total cholesterol and phospholipids in liver were significantly lower in WE and MeOH group than control group.

Antibacterial Effects of Atmospheric Plasma against Main Foodborne Bacteria on the Surface of Dried Filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) Fillets (대기압 플라즈마 처리에 의한 쥐치포 중 주요 식중독세균의 살균 효과)

  • Park, Shin Young
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.34 no.2
    • /
    • pp.178-182
    • /
    • 2019
  • This study investigated the antibacterial effects of BioZone atmospheric plasma (AP) against Bacillus cereus (F4810/72) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) as the major foodborne bacteria on the surface of dried filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer) fillets. The fillets were experimentally contaminated with 7-8 log CFU/mL of B. cereus or S. aureus using a spot inoculation method. Bacterial counts were measured by standard plate method on tryptic soy agar, and were significantly reduced with the increase in the treatment time (1, 3, 5 or 20 min) of AP on the fillets (p < 0.05). The reductions of the pathogens by AP treatment ranged from 0.9 to 2.93 logCFU/g for B. cereus and from 1.04 to 2.55 logCFU/g for S. aureus. A reduction of >1-logCFU/g for B. cereus and S. aureus was observed on the fillets treated with AP for >3 min. The differences in color on the Hunter scale (L=light vs. dark, a=red vs. green, b=yellow vs. blue) of the fillets were not significantly different between the nontreated (control) and AP-treated fillets (p>0.05). This study suggested that 3 min of AP could be effective in reducing >90% of the bacteria without causing any concomitant changes in the color of the fillets.

Seasonal Variations of Seaweed Community Structure at the Subtidal Zone of Bihwa on the East Coast of Korea (동해 비화 조하대 해조류 군집구조의 계절적 변화)

  • Kim, Young-Dae;Park, Mi-Seon;Yoo, Hyun-Il;Min, Byung-Hwa;Jin, Hyung-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.45 no.3
    • /
    • pp.262-270
    • /
    • 2012
  • Seaweeds provide habitats in which marine animals can spawn and develop, and serve as a food supply for algaegrazing species such as sea urchins and abalone. Recently, seaweed species have disappeared from coastal ecosystems, leaving barren ground, defined as habitats that have lost their algae forests and where coralline algae containing calcium carbonate components have become encrusted on rocks. The biological causes of barren ground include grazing by herbivores and excessive seaweed harvest. The environmental harm caused by the spread of barren ground includes accelerated eutrophication following the reduction in seaweed, which plays an important role in oceanic purification. In the present study, we identified the relationships between various seaweed species and the occurrence of barren ground. Subtidal benthic macroalgal flora and community structure were observed seasonally on barren ground along vertical transects of rocky shores of Bihwa, Samchuck, and the east coast of Korea from February to November 2006. Fifty-eight seaweed species were identified, including 7 green, 15 brown, and 36 red algae species. There were between 6 and 28 species among seasons. Over the whole study period, average seaweed biomass (g wet wt $m^{-2}$) was 241.90 g, with a seasonal range of 25.26 to 760.34 g. Seaweed biomass declined with increasing seawater depth and ranged between 91.26 and 422.08 g. The vertical distribution of algae was characterized by Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum honeri at 5 m, S. honeri and U. pinnatifida at 10 m, and U. pinnatifida and Agarum clathratum at 15 m depth. Seasonal patterns in community indices were not found. Community indices showed different patterns along vertical shoreline gradients; the dominance index increased but the richness, evenness, and diversity indices decreased with seawater depth. Sea urchin density was 8 to 24 individ. $m^{-2}$ in Bihwa. These urchin populations had significantly aggregated spatial patterns and recurrent destructive grazing appeared to be occurring.

Land-Cover Change Detection of Western DMZ and Vicinity using Spectral Mixture Analysis of Landsat Imagery (선형분광혼합화소분석을 이용한 서부지역 DMZ의 토지피복 변화 탐지)

  • Kim, Sang-Wook
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.158-167
    • /
    • 2006
  • The object of this study is to detect of land-cover change in western DMZ and vicinity. This was performed as a basic study to construct a decision support system for the conservation or a sustainable development of the DMZ and Vicinity near future. DMZ is an is 4km wide and 250km long and it's one of the most highly fortified boundaries in the world and also a unique thin green line. Environmentalists want to declare the DMZ as a natural reserve and a biodiversity zone, but nowadays through the strengthening of the inter-Korean economic cooperation, some developers are trying to construct a new-town or an industrial complex inside of the DMZ. This study investigates the current environmental conditions, especially deforestation of the western DMZ adopting remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Land-covers were identified through the linear spectvral mixture analysis(LSMA) which was used to handle the spectral mixture problem of low spatial resolution imagery of Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. To analyze quantitative and spatial change of vegetation-cover in western DMZ, GIS overlay method was used. In LSMA, to develop high-quality fraction images, three endmembers of green vegetation(GV), soil, water were driven from pure features in the imagery. Through 15 years, from 1987 to 2002, forest of western DMZ and vicinity was devastated and changed to urban, farmland or barren land. Northern part of western DMZ and vicinity was more deforested than that of southern part. ($52.37km^2$ of North Korean forest and $39.04km^2$ of South Korean were change to other land-covers.) In case of North Korean part, forest changed to barren land and farmland and in South Korean part, forest changed to farmland and urban area. Especially, In North Korean part of DMZ and vicinity, $56.15km^2$ of farmland changed to barren land through 15 years, which showed the failure of the 'Darakbat' (terrace filed) project which is one of food increase projects in North Korea.

  • PDF

Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming (고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전)

  • Chu Chae Hyok
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
    • /
    • v.25 no.1
    • /
    • pp.71-82
    • /
    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.