• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2018

We report a case of pulmonary aspiration during induction of general anesthesia in a patient who was status post esophagectomy. Sudden, unexpected aspiration occurred even though the patient had fasted adequately (over 13 hours) and received rapid sequence anesthesia induction. Since during esophagectomy, the lower esophageal sphincter is excised, stomach vagal innervation is lost, and the stomach is flaccid, draining only by gravity, the patient becomes vulnerable to aspiration. As the incidence of perioperative pulmonary aspiration is relatively low, precautions to prevent aspiration tend to be overlooked. We present a video clip showing pulmonary aspiration and discuss the literature concerning the risk of aspiration and its preventive strategies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.10 s.255
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• pp.661-668
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• 2005

Background: We have hypothesized that, if a low resistant gravity-flow membrane oxygenator is used, then the twin blood sacs of TPLS can be located at downstream of the membrane oxyenator, which may double the pulse rate at a given pump rate and increase the pump output. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal configuration for the ECLS circuits by using the concept of pulse energy and pump output. Material and Method: Animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups in a total cardiopulmonary bypass model. In the serial group, a conventional membrane oxygenator was located between the twin blood sacs. In the parallel group, the twin blood sacs were placed downstream of the gravity-flow membrane oxygenator. Energy equivalent pressure (EEP) and pump output were collected at pump-setting rates of 30, 40, and 50 BPM. Result: At the given pump-setting rate, the pulse rate was doubled in the parallel group. Percent changes of mean arterial pressure to EEP were $13.0\pm1.7,\; 12.0\pm1.9\;and\;7.6\pm0.9\%$ in the parallel group, and $22.5\pm2.4,\; 23.2\pm1.9,\;and\;21.8\pm1.4\%$ in the serial group at 30, 40, and 50 BPM of pump-setting rates. Pump output was higher in the parallel circuit at 40 and 50 BPM of pump-setting rates $(3.1\pm0.2,\;3.7\pm0.2L/min\;vs.\;2.2\pm0.1\;and\;2.5\pm0.1L/min,\;respectively,\;p=0.01)$. Conclusion: Either parallel or serial circuit configuration of the ECLS generates effective pulsatility. As for the pump out, the parallel circuit configuration provides higher flow than the serial circuit configuration.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 1994

The geologic structure of Gongju Basin, which is a Cretaceous sedimentary basin located on the boundary of Gyeonggi Massif and Ogcheon Belt, is modeled by using gravity data and interpreted in relation with basin forming tectonism. The electrical survey with dipole-dipole array was also conducted to uncover the development of fractures in the two fault zones which form the boundaries of the basin. In the process of gravity data reduction, the terrain correction was performed by using the conic prism model, which showed better results specially for topography having a steep slope. The gravity model of the geologic structure of Gongju basin is obtained by forward modeling based on the surface geology and density inversion. It reveals that the width of the basin at its central part is about $4{\cal}km$ and about $2.5{\cal}km$ at the southern part. The depth of crystalline basement beneath sedimentary rocks of the basin is about $700{\~}400{\cal}m$ below the sea level and it is thinner in the center than in margin. The fault of the southeastern boundary appears more clearly than that of the northwestern boundary, and its fracture zone may extended to the depth of more than $1{\cal}km$. Therefore, it is thought that the tectonic movement along the fault in the southeastern boundary was much stronger. These results coincide with the appearance of broad low resistivity anomaly at the southeastern boundary of the basin in the resistivity section. The fracture zones having low density are also recognized inside the basin from the gravity model. The swelling feature of basement and the fractures in sedimentary rocks of the basin suggest that the compressional tectonic stress had also involved after the deposition of the Cretaceous sediments.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.5 s.101
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• pp.561-566
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• 2005

This paper presents a visual tracking algorithm for the golf swing motion analysis by using the information of the pixels of video frames and movement of the golf club to solve the problem fixed center point in model based tracking method. The model based tracking method use the polynomial function for trajectory displaying of upswing and downswing. Therefore it is under the hypothesis of the no movement of the center of gravity so this method is not for the amateurs. we proposed method using the information of pixel and movement, we first detected the motion by using the information of pixel in the frames in golf swing motion. Then we extracted the club head and hand by a properties of club shaft that consist of the parallel line and the moved location of club in up-swing and down-swing. In addition, we can extract the center point of user by tracking center point of the line between center of head and both foots. And we made an experiment with data that movement of center point is big. Finally, we can track the real trajectory of club head, hand and center point by using proposed tracking algorithm.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.45-57
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• 2019

In this research, research on factors affecting business results of small business people has been advanced, but the management relationship for small business people is the influence relationship between characteristics of individual's propensity and market environment and business results. Analysis and research of the role of regulation on the judgment that it is necessary to verify and present the lack of reality through the study. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted for small businessmen in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, etc., and the final 368 copies were collected and analyzed using the method of hierarchical regression analysis. As a result of empirical analysis, business education satisfaction had a statistically significant positive (+) influence on business performance. In two stages, as a result of additionally introducing the interaction between the achievement center of the center of gravity and the satisfaction level of management education, the achievement desire and the satisfaction level of management education have a positive (+) effect in which management results are noted. And the interaction term also has a significant effect. The satisfaction of management education to help the market attractiveness of the market environment characteristics all had a positive (+) effect that kept in mind the management results. In two stages, as a result of additionally introducing the interaction between management education satisfaction that helps the attractiveness of the center of gravity market, it has a positive (+) effect that takes business results into consideration, and the interaction term is also significant It has been found that the Through these studies, the business results of small businessmen are identified as significant influencing factors through the adjustment effect of management education satisfaction, in order to secure its competitiveness within a fierce competitive environment, Its importance can be very great.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.331-339
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• 2020

In this study, ways to reduce the edge pressure at the bottom plate of the caisson breakwater were considered. The water depth, freeboard, design wave height and period, and the location of the center of gravity on the super-structure of the breakwater were selected as key design variables that influence the edge pressure, and analyzed how the edge pressure changes according to the change of this key variables. The pressure distribution formulae suggested in the design standard was applied for the calculation of design wave forces. Based on the wave forces, the required effective self-weight of the super-structure and the minimum width of the caisson were determined to have a safety factor of 1.2 against sliding and overturning. From the results, it was found that the edge pressure rapidly increased as the water depth increased, and could exceed the allowable bearing capacity when it reached a certain water depth which is 20 m within the analysis conditions. It was also confirmed that the edge pressure gradually increased linearly as the freeboard increased, but decreased with the increase of the wave height and period. This edge pressure could be significantly reduced up to more than 20% by moving the center of gravity of the super-structure to the seaside, which is 5% of the caisson width. Based on the analysis results and the recently conducted research results, a method was proposed to reduce the edge pressure that can be used in the design.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the success or failure on the balance beam in element group requirements posture which is bending salto side-ward tucked through kinetic analysis. The national team players were participated. The goal was to present training methods to coaches and athletes so as to provide scientifically useful information. The results from this study were summarized as below. When the performance was successful, the features of the body's center of gravity during the side somersault motion showed to spread from the center of the balance beam and the center of the gravity moved to the direction of the body's rotation. In the spring sections - event2 and 3, when the performance was successful, up/down fluctuation became more wider and increased air time. It supported the result that the projecting variable was higher than in failure trial. In addition, the right side hip joint angles and speed, and angular velocity as jumping up for a leap were larger than in failure trial. Those variables showed the optimal conditions for a leap. By increasing the speed of the upper limb from the shoulder and the speed of the shoulder joint angular velocity, the momentum was increased. Especially the right side shoulder joint angular velocity increased dramatically because the right leg was held. As to the side somersault motion, the angular momentum of successful trial with respect to x-axis was bigger than failed trial. It indicated that the increasing angular momentum with respect to x-axis was an important factor in flying motion. Besides, as to side somersault, the appropriate proportion of angular momentum with respect to y-axis and z-axis was a key to successful trails.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity quay walls. In this method, the decision to select an appropriate seismic coefficient ($k_h$) is an important one, since $k_h$ is a key variable for computing an equivalent pseudo-static inertia force. Nonetheless, there is no unified standard for defining $k_h$. Likewise, port structure designers in Korea have a difficulty in choosing an appropriate $k_h$ definition, as there are conflicts in how $k_h$ is defined between the existing seismic code of port structures and the proposed new one. In this research, various seismic design codes for port structures were analyzed to compare the definitions of the seismic coefficient. The results were used for the proposing a unified seismic coefficient definition. Further, two dynamic centrifuge tests were performed with different wall heights (5 m, 15 m) to clarify the reference point of peak acceleration used in determination of $k_h$ according to the wall height. Results from dynamic centrifuge experiments showed that correction factors for the peak ground acceleration considering both the wall height and allowable displacement are needed to calculate $k_h$.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.202-219
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• 2008

As demand for high speed Internet service has explosively increased in the United States for the past decade, the construction or upgrades of telecommunication infrastructure has also been rapidly followed. Though currently many people in urbanized areas can be provided advanced broadband services, there are still challengeable areas to be served, such as remote or low populated areas because those areas are potentially non-profitable to commercial broadband service providers. This paper addresses the spatial disparity or in a broader term, the 'digital divide' of the broadband access by the county level in the United States. We propose the quantified measure of the county level broadband accessibility for identifying such digital divide. The developed measure is a hybrid form of the classical gravity based potential model and network topological accessibility, encouraged from the lack of prior efforts eying to explicitly incorporate the understanding of the whole process of the Internet access. The computational tasks are performed in a GIS platform, which includes several programmed functions.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.181-188
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• 2006

Rutile single crystals grown by skull melting method were cut parallel and perpendicular to growth axis, and both sides of the cut wafers (${\phi}5.5mmx1.0mm$) were then polished to be mirror surfaces. The black wafers were changed into pale yellow color by annealing in air at 1200 and $1300^{\circ}C$ for $3{\sim}15\;and\;10{\sim}50$ hours, respectively. After annealing, structural and optical properties were examined by specific gravity (S.G), SEM-electron backscattered pattern (SEM-EBSP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR transmittance spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), photoluminescence (PL) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These results are analyzed increase of weight in air, decrease of weight in water and specific gravity, shown secondary phase of needle shape, diffusion of oxygen ion and increase of $Ti^{3+}$. From the above results, we suggest that the skull melting method grown rutile single crystals contain defect centers such as $O_v,\;Ti^{3+},\;O_v-Ti^{3+}$ interstitials and $F^+-H^+$.