• ETRI Journal
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.566-576
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• 2010

In a multiview video system, interactivity is important for users and should be considered in the design of multiview video coding (MVC). In this paper, we present an interactivity evaluation model for MVC schemes by using both weighted random graph and Markov approaches. The main factors that affect both the interactivity and rate-distortion (RD) performances of MVC schemes are analyzed and discussed in detail. By taking these factors into consideration, a new MVC scheme is proposed for high interactivity and RD gains. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has a significant interactivity gain with little coding loss, compared to the state-of-the-art benchmark. As an extension to RD performance analysis, the interactivity evaluation model can be used as a design tool of alternative schemes for a future interactive multiview video system.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

In GIS-based network analysis, topological measure of network structure can be considered as one of important factors in the urban transportation analysis. Related to this measure, it is known that the connectivity indices such as alpha index and gamma index, which mean degree of network connectivity and complexity on a graph or a circuit, provide fundamental information. On the other hand, shimbel index is one of GIS-based spatial metrics to characterize degree of network concentration. However, the approach using these quantitative indices has not been widely used in practical level yet. In this study, an application program, in complied as extension, running on ArcView- GIS is implemented and demonstrated case examples using basic layers such as road centerline and administrative boundary. In this approach, geo-spatial imagery can be effectively used to actual applications to determine the analysis zone, which is composed of networks to extract these indices. As the results of the implementation and the case examples, it is notified that alpha and gamma indices as well as shimbel index can be used as referential data or auxiliary information for urban planning and transportation planning.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

Purpose : Long-term Care Insurance sets up facility standard and installation standard of aged care facilities and decides the presence of minimum number of rooms and its size in care facilities by using systematic instruments. Therefore, most aged care facilities had renovation in expansion and reconstruction following the revised regulations and even facility space structure and space composition are continuously improving. The study is to determine the purpose and trend by comparing before and after space composition of facilities which followed the implementation of Long-term Care Insurance and also to suggest hierarchical space composition suitable for aged care facilities through derived problems and to provide basic materials to plan the most appropriate facility for the aged. Methods : J-graph based on Space Syntax Theory will be schematized through in-site facility survey and before and after facility floor plan. Space composition trend will be analyzed by comparing indexes through S3 program. Results : As a result of 5 cases analysis, the following results were found; the average of whole space depth is increasing due to the Extension, the number of volunteers is decreasing and rooms for geriatric care helpers are being created due to the geriatric care helper introduction duty. Also, there are solariums being created to improve the health of the aged and dispensaries are being placed on every floor with the increase of documentary work for geriatric care helpers. With the policy implementation, care facility space composition and structure are changing with facility standard and it was analyzed that facilities were mostly put under the control of limited number of people in care room and total ground area per person. It was also found that there is increase in care space integration through before and after comparison of whole integration value. This is considered as the important result not only in facility standard satisfaction, but also in care support of geriatric care helpers and the aged, its main users. Implication : In order for elderly care facilities to have quality improvement and to develop as suitable facilities for characteristics of the aged, independent environmental facility standard preparation of elderly care facilities is needed through mutual cooperation of construction fields with regulation and policy related researches.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1272-1277
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• 2014

This article describes a path planning algorithm for fixed-wing UAVs when a real terrain should be considered. Nowadays, many UAVs are required to perform mission flights near given terrain for surveillance, reconnaissance, and infiltration, as well as flight altitude of many UAVs are relatively lower than typical manned aerial vehicles. Therefore, real terrain should be considered in path planning algorithms of fixed-wing UAVs. In this research, we have extended a spline-$RRT^*$ algorithm to three-dimensional planner. The spline-$RRT^*$ algorithm is a $RRT^*$ based algorithm, and it takes spline method to extend the tree structure over the workspace to generate smooth paths without any post-processing. Direction continuity of the resulting path is guaranteed via this spline technique, and it is essential factor for the paths of fixed-wing UAVs. The proposed algorithm confirm collision check during the tree structure extension, so that generated path is both geometrically and dynamically feasible in addition to direction continuity. To decrease degrees of freedom of a random configuration, we designed a function assigning directions to nodes of the graph. As a result, it increases the execution speed of the algorithm efficiently. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed planning algorithm, several simulations are performed under real terrain environment. Simulation results show that this proposed algorithm can be utilized effectively to path planning applications considering real terrain.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

최근 인터넷의 급격한 확장을 통해 대두되는 웹2.0 기술은 웹의 구조적 진화인 질적 변화와 사용자 증가라는 양적인 변화로 해석할 수 있으며, 이 구조는 사용자 참여형 아키텍쳐를 근간으로 하고 있다. 블로그, UCC, SNS(Social Networking Service), 매쉬 업, 롱테일 등으로 대표되는 웹2.0기술은 웹의 구조화에 중심적인 역할을 담당하고 있으며, 이곳에 포함된 사용자 참여형 자료의 분류와 검색은 포크소노미(Folksonomy)방식을 통해 널리 이용되고 있다. 포크소노미는 웹 페이지에 공개되고 있는 정보나 관련 주제를 고전적 분류학 기술로 나누는 것이 아니라 꼬리표(태그)에 따라 구분하는 새로운 분류방식으로 사용자 참여로 구성된다. 현재 이러한 분류를 통한 검색은 단순 텍스트 태그검색이나 태그클라우드 방식 등을 통해 특정 태그에 대한 검색이 이루어지고 있으나 태그들 간의 관계를 표현하고, 이들 관계를 고려한 검색은 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 등록되는 태그들 간의 관계를 고려하여 태그들 간의 연관 그래프를 동적으로 형성하고 이를 기반으로 연관 검색을 제공한다. 이를 통해 태그 검색의 신뢰성을 높이고 검색의 편이성을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.637-651
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• 2011

This study presents a rule-based urban image classification method for time series analysis of changes in the vicinity of Asan-si and Cheonan-si in Chungcheongnam-do, using Landsat satellite images (1991-2006). The area has been highly developed through the relocation of industrial facilities, land development, construction of a high-speed railroad, and an extension of the subway. To determine the yearly changing pattern of the urban area, eleven classes were made depending on the trend of development. An algorithm was generalized for the rules to be applied as an unsupervised classification, without the need of training area. The analysis results show that the urban zone of the research area has increased by about 1.53 times, and each correlation graph confirmed the distribution of the Built Up Index (BUI) values for each class. To evaluate the rule-based classification, coverage and accuracy were assessed. When Optimal allowable factor=0.36, the coverage of the rule was 98.4%, and for the test using ground data from 1991 to 2006, overall accuracy was 99.49%. It was confirmed that the method suggested to determine the maximum allowable factor correlates to the accuracy test results using ground data. Among the multiple images, available data was used as best as possible and classification accuracy could be improved since optimal classification to suit objectives was possible. The rule-based urban image classification method is expected to be applied to time series image analyses such as thematic mapping for urban development, urban development, and monitoring of environmental changes.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2015

Modeling and control of human-involved manufacturing systems poses a huge challenge on how to model all possible interactions among system components within the time and space dimensions. As the manufacturing environment are getting complicated, the importance of human in the manufacturing system is getting more and more spotlighted to incorporate the manufacturing flexibility. This paper presents a formal modeling methodology of affordance-based MPSG (Message-based Part State Graph) for a human-machine collaboration system incorporating supervisory control scheme for flexible manufacturing systems in automotive industry. Basically, we intend to extend the existing model of affordance-based MPSG to the real industrial application of humanmachine cooperative environments. The suggested extension with the real industrial example is illustrated in three steps; first, the manufacturing process and relevant data are analyzed in perspectives of MABA-MABA and the supervisory control; second, the manufacturing processes and task allocation between human and machine are mapped onto the concept of MABA-MABA; and the last, the affordance-based MPSG of humanmachine collaboration for the manufacturing process is presented with UMLs for verification.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2000

웹 데이타베이스는 웹 환경에서 하이퍼텍스트 모델을 바탕으로 멀티미디어 처리를 위한 부가적인 구조와 관계형 또는 객체지향형 데이타베이스 관리 시스템을 접목하여 구축하는 대용량의 멀티미디어 데이타베이스 응용 시스템이다. 그러나 기존의 하이퍼텍스트 모델링 기법과 DBMS 통로 형태로는 웹 서비스 고급화에 필수적인 다양한 표현능력과 DBMS 연동과정에서의 병목발생으로 인한 동시성 기능이 제한된다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 하이퍼텍스트 모델링 측면에서 암시적 질의 수행 기능을 지원하고 동적으로 생성되는 항해 모델과 가상 그래프 구조를 제안한다. 또한 항해 유형 분류를 통해 노드와 링크의 생성 규칙을 유도하고 제안된 모델과 웹 데이타베이스 시스템 후위에 위치하는 관계형 모델과의 상호 사상기법을 연구한다. 그리고 데이타베이스 통로의 효율을 향상시키기 위해 가중치를 기반으로 질의처리 서버를 동적으로 할당하는 스케줄링 기법을 제안하여 시스템 전체의 성능을 개선하고, 제안된 기법이 상대적으로 높은 복잡도를 갖는 동시 질의 요구에 적합함을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2002-2019
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• 2017

RPL routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) recommended IPv6 based protocol for routing over Low power Lossy Networks (LLNs). RPL is proposed for networks with characteristics like small packet size, low bandwidth, low data rate, lossy wireless links and low power. RPL is a proactive routing protocol that creates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) of the network topology. RPL is increasingly used for Internet of Things (IoT) which comprises of heterogeneous networks and applications. RPL proposes a single path routing strategy. The forwarding technique of RPL does not support multiple paths between source and destination. Multipath routing is an important strategy used in both sensor and ad-hoc network for performance enhancement. Multipath routing is also used to achieve multi-fold objectives including higher reliability, increase in throughput, fault tolerance, congestion mitigation and hole avoidance. In this paper, M-RPL (Multi-path extension of RPL) is proposed, which aims to provide temporary multiple paths during congestion over a single routing path. Congestion is primarily detected using buffer size and packet delivery ratio at forwarding nodes. Congestion is mitigated by creating partially disjoint multiple paths and by avoiding forwarding of packets through the congested node. Detailed simulation analysis of M-RPL against RPL in both grid and random topologies shows that M-RPL successfully mitigates congestion and it enhances overall network throughput.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

흑미가루 첨가비율 증가에 따른 반죽의 물리적인 특성을 조사한 결과 흑미가루 첨가량을 증가시켰을 때 회분 함량은 증가하였고 단백질 함량과 gluten 함량은 감소하였다. farino-graph는 흑미가루 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 흡수율, 안정도, 반죽형성시간, 탄력도 및 v/v(valorimeter value)값은 감소하였고 약화도는 증가하여 반죽 시간 및 반죽의 탄력성과 신장성이 감소하였다. Amylograph는 호화개시온도, 최고점도에서의 온도는 낮았으나 최고점도 및 $94^{\circ}C$에서의 점도의 감소로 제빵시 ${\alpha}-amylase$의 활성을 높임으로써 발효능력의 향상을 가져왔다. Extensograph는 신장도, 신장저항도 및 에너지는 감소하였으나 R/E비는 높아짐으로써 제빵성은 흑미가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 상기 실험결과 farinograph와 amylograph, extensograph의 측정은 밀가루 중에 함유된 gluten의 신장성 및 신장저항성의 특성, 발효에 따른 발효력 및 가스포집력을 종합한 제빵 특성을 나타내므로 흑미가루가 혼합된 혼합분의 경우 밀가루 100% 시료보다는 단백질 함량의 저하로 제빵 특성치가 낮게 나타나 제빵 특성에 영향을 주므로 단백질원인 활성글루텐이나 산화제 등의 첨가로 반죽의 물성 개선에 관한 실험과 제빵 품질 특성에 대한 실험이 계속 필요하리라 생각된다.