• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

Background Partial or complete necrosis of a skin flap is a common problem. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) can be extracted from trout sperm and used as a tissue repair agent. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PDRN could improve the survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats. Methods Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the PDRN treatment group (n=11) and the control group (n=11). Caudally pedicled random pattern skin flaps were elevated on their dorsal skin and resutured. The treatment group received daily intraperitoneal administration of PDRN (8 mg/kg/day), and the control group received fluid vehicle (NaCl 0.9%, 8 mg/kg/day) from day 0 to day 6. On day 7, the flap survival was evaluated and the harvested tissue surrounding the demarcation line of the necrotic area was stained with H&E, anti-rat vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) antibody, and PECAM-1/CD31 antibody. Results The average necrotic area of the flap in the PDRN group was significantly smaller when compared with that of the control group. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation showed that granulation thickness score and VEGF-positive staining cells were marked higher in the PDRN group than in the control group. PECAM-1/CD31-positive microvascular densities were significantly higher in the PDRN group when compared with the control group. Conclusions This study confirms that PDRN improves the survival of random pattern skin flaps in rats. These results may represent a new therapeutic approach to enhancing flap viability and achieving faster wound repair.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2002

We report successful application of dual trachcobronchial stcnt to the diffuse tracheal stenosis. An one-month-old boy was transferred to the emergency room due to tachypnea and respiratory difficulty with COB retention. Preoperative computed tomography revealed pulmonary artery sling with diffuse tracheal stenosis. We found that the diameter of the both main bronchus was less than 3mm and the trachea was a complete ring. We divided the left pulmonary artery and implanted it to the main pulmonary artery under cardiopulmonary bypass. After that, tracheoplasty was performed with autologous pericardium. However, after the initial measures, CO2 retention and respiratory difficulty persisted due to the granulation tissue and dynamic obstruction of the airway ensued by the overlying pericardial flap. Therefore, we decided to apply a single tracheal stunt. After the insertion of tracheal stent, residual stenosis of the both main bronchus opening continued to cause respiratory difficulty Finally we applied dual tracheobronchial stent and resolved the airway obstruction.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2003

Objectives : The methods to treat glottic incompetence include thyroplasty type I, arytenoid abduction, and intracordal injection using various materials. The intracordal injection is easy and simple and does not require skin incision. In general, the grafted cartilage shows a high survival rate, a low absorption rate and small voluminous change. The authors performed injection of minced autologous auricular cartilage and fat using a Bruning injector in unilateral vocal cord palsy We evaluate the effect and safety of autologous auricular cartilage intracordal injection. Study Design : Retrospective study. Methods : Auricular cartilage was obtained by incising tragus vertically and it was minced with a scalpel and #15 blade. About 2g of abdominal fat was obtained by small periumbrical incision and cut into small pieces. The minced cartilage was put into a 1$m\ell$ injector and then the injector was filled with fat. The operation was conducted under laryngeal microscope. Minced cartilage was injected into the vocalis muscle at the junction of the middle and posterior third of the vocal fold. In three cases, we performed autologous cartilage intracordal injection. Results : We observed no postoperative complications, such as dyspnea, granulation, inflammation, in any of the cases. The voice was improved compared with the voice prior to operation in all cases. Conclusion : Although the cases are still limited and the observation period is short, we suggest that the autologous cartilage using the auricular cartilage is the ideal and new effective augmentative material in vocal cord palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : Contact granuloma is granulation tissue that occurs mainly in the vocal process of arytenoid cartilage. Among several etiological factors, gastric acid reflux is known to be an important cause. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of contact granuloma and analyze the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor in the treatment of contact granuloma. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients who were treated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for contact granuloma from January 2011 to December 2015. Reflux finding score (RFS), reflux symptom index (RSI) and size of granuloma were evaluated before and after treatment serially to assess the effectiveness of proton pump inhibitor. Results : Of 40 patients, 25 patients (62.5%) and 10 patients (25%) showed improvement and partial improvement of granuloma, respectively. Five patients showed no response. The mean times of partial improvement and improvement were $2.08{\pm}2.23$ months and $4.60{\pm}2.77$ months, respectively and mean duration of PPI treatment was $6.8{\pm}5.2$ months. Conclusion : Proton pump inhibitors is effective in the treatment of contact granuloma.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.480-487
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• 2004

This study was conducted to find the effect of electron acceptors on the formation of granular sludge by using four different types of electron acceptors. The phosphorous uptake, denitrification, and sulfate reduction in anoxic modes were simultaneously occured because of the presence of the polyphosphate accumultating organism(PAO) that utilize nitrate and sulfate as an electron acceptor in the anoxic zone. Denitrirying phosphorous removal bacteria(DPB) was enriched under anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic condition with a nitrate as an electron acceptor, and desulfating phosphorous removal bacteria(DSPB) was enriched under anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic condition with a sulfate as an electron acceptor. Polyphosphate accumulating organism(PAO) were enriched in the anaerobic/aerobic SBR. PAO took up acetate faster than DPB and DSPB during the aerobic phase. The sludge with nitrate and sulfate as an electron acceptors grew as a granules which possessed high activity and good settleability. In the anaerobic/aerobic modes, typical floccular growth was observed. In the result of bench-scale experiment, simultaneous reactions of phosphorus uptake, denitrification and sulfate reduction were observed under anoxic condition with nitrate and sulfate as an electron acceptors. These results demonstrated that the anaerobic/anoxic modes with nitrate and sulfate as an electron acceptors played an important role in the formation of the sludge granulation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 1988

Effects from many different approaches have been made to cure Raynaud's phenomenon, such as a dorsal sympathectomy, topical injection of nitroglycerin, phentolamin and procaine, and oral or parentral administration of various drugs. However, there has been no successful management proven yet. In recent years, it was reported that intra-arterial administration ill normal subjects as well as patients with Raynaud's syndrome has demonstrated a significant rise in blood flow to the lands. We used intermittent stellate ganglion blocks in conjunction with intra-arterial injections of reserpine and procaine in 10 patients suffering from finder necrosis. The stellate ganglion block was performed in a paratracheal approach by injection of 1% lidocaine purposely mixed with adrenaline followed by the administration of reserpine 1 mg and procaine 50 mg through a butterfly needle inserted in the radial or brachial artery. The administration of reserpine and procaine was done only twice at intervals of 1 week because of the development of suspected arteriosclerosis. The stellate ganglion block was carried out once a week for about 3 months, then once a month as needed for 6 to 12 months. As the procedure was carried out and the necrotic tissue sloughed off, oozing appeared and new granulation tissue was observed. 5 out of 10 patients were healed completely and the rest improved considerably but were not followed to the end. We concluded that the intra-arterial administration of reserpine and procaine helped initiate and accelerate increasing blood flow to the hand and the stellate ganglion block continued to help revascularization by dilating the peripheral beds.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 1995

To increase the solubility of iodine and iodine releasing agents, which are used widely as a topical broad spectrum antiseptics and disinfectant sanitizers, its inclusion complexes were prepared and studied. Inclusion complexes of iodine with ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ were prepared by coprecipitation method and complex formation was acertained by differential scanning calorimetry and microscopic observation. Iodine content of inclusion complex was determined by means of iodometry. Tablets containing inclusion complex were manufactured with sugar, citric acid, magnesium stearate, dextrose. Stability of inclusion complexes and tablets was evaluated by accelerated stability test, and comparing with PVP-iodine. During preparation, use of 50% ethanol solution is preferable to water as the medium because the former resulted in more stable complex for a month under accelerated storage conditions. Solubility of iodine in KI aqueous solution was 0.048 g/ml and lower than in 50% ethanol solution. Inclusion complex and its tablets were very stable at severe condition for one month, and comparable to PVP-iodine in the aspect of stability. Inclusion complex tabletswere not affected with citric acid, sugar, dextrose, and direct tableting method was recommendable because wet granulation using ethanol gave some release of included iodine during process.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 1992

In order to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system (DDS) of theophylline (TP), microporous membrane-coated tablets were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Rapidly water-soluble core tablets of TP (300 mg) were prepared by wet granulation and compression technique, Then the core tablets were spray-coated with polyvinylchloride (PVC) in which micronized sucrose particles were dispersed. Effect of formula compositions of coating suspensions on the pharmaceutical characteristics such as membrane strength and dissolution was investigated in vitro. The membranes remained unbroken in pH 1.2 buffer at $37^{\circ}C$ at least for 2 hours after the disintergration test. TP was released from the coated-released tablets at a zero-order rate over 8 hours. The release at pH 1.2 and 4.0 was similar in rate but a little more rapid than that at pH 6.8. The coated tablets were administered to three healthy male volunteers and their saliva profiles of TP were compared with those from the commercial sustained release TP tablets such as Slobid and Asconthin. Saliva TP concentrations from the coated tablets were successfully sustained over 48 hours after the dosing and were comparable to those of the commercial sustained-release tablets. The membrane-coating technique is very simple and does not need any sophisticated equipments. In this respect, the membrane-coated tablets may be superior to the commercial sustained-release tablets and this technique is worth adopting by the pharmaceutical industries.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Colostrum, a nutrient-rich fluid produced by female mammals after giving birth, is the specific initial diet of mammalian neonates. Colostrum is important for the nutrition, growth, and development of newborn infants and contributes to the immunologic defense of neonates. It contains immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, such as lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, and other bioactive molecules, including growth factors, such as IGF (insulin-like growth factor), EGF (epithermal growth factor), $TGF-{\beta}$ (transforming growth factor), and FGF (fibroblast growth factor). Bovine colostrum is a rich source of growth factors, which play a central role in wound healing. The biological activities of colostrum emphasize the relevance of the synergistic activity of growth factors to stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and migration, which are essential for tissue repair. Colostrum increases the expression of early differentiation markers, such as keratin 1 and 10 and involucrin, and late differentiation markers, including loricrin and filaggrin. Additionally, colostrum increases granulation tissue volume in the dermis, suggesting that it has a beneficial effect on wound healing. The therapeutic use of colostrum or individual peptides present in colostrum has a positive and curative influence on various gastrointestinal diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : The vocal fold granuloma has been associated with vocal abuse, gastroesophageal reflux, endotracheal intubation and habitual throat clearing etc.. Granuloma is benign growth of hypertrophic granulation tissue. It is usually located on the posterior third of vocal fold, in one or both vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage In spite of the voice therapy, steroid therapy, anti-reflex therapy and surgical procedure. The distinct advantage and uniform success rate of each methods have not been generally shown. Authors report that localized injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX$^{\circledR}$) is the promising method both as an initial treatment and as an alternative treatment in patients who do not respond to standard therapy or who are poor surgical candidates. Materials and Method : We carried out a retrospective study of 9 patients with the diagnosis of vocal fold granuloma on the videostroboscopic examination from Jan 2000 to Mar 2003. The botulinum toxin type A was injected into one or both thyroarytenoid muscle or lateral cricoarytenoid muscle under the electromyography. The average dosage ranges from 6U to 8U per injection. Results : Unilateral vocal fold granuloma in 7 patients had been resolved completely within 2-3 months after first injection : 5 patients received th\ulcorner GER medical therapy in addition to the Botulinum toxin injections, 2 patients was resolved completely who had shown recurrence after $CO_2$ laser vaporization. 2 patients who had shown recurrence after $1^st$ injection were also completely resolved within 6 months after further injections. Conclusion : We expect that localized injection of Botulinum toxin type A can provide an alternative treatment for the refractory cases to the traditional forms of therapy and avoid the recurrence in conjunction with proper medical and voice therapy against GER and vocal abuse.