• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.544-550
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• 2016

Background Although the use of temporary shunts in proximal extremity amputations has been reported, no study has described the use of temporary shunts in distal extremity amputations that require vein grafting. Moreover, the total volume of blood loss when temporary shunts are used has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of a temporary shunt for distal extremity amputations requiring repair by vessel grafting with an ischemia time of >6 hours. This study also aimed to determine the total volume of blood loss when temporary shunts were used. Methods Patients who underwent distal major extremity replantation and/or revascularization with a vessel graft and who experienced ischemia for 6-8 hours between 2013 and 2014 were included in the study. A 6-Fr suction catheter was cut to 5 cm in length after the infusion of heparin, and secured with a 5-0 silk suture between the distal and the proximal ends of the artery. While bleeding continued, the bones were shortened and fixed. After the complete restoration of circulation, the arterial shunt created using the catheter was also repaired with a vein graft. Results Six patients were included in this study. The mean duration of ischemia was 7.25 hours. The mean duration of suction catheter use during limb revascularization was 7 minutes. The mean transfusion volume was 7.5 units. No losses of the extremity were observed. Conclusions This procedure should be considered in distal extremity amputations requiring repair by vessel grafting during critical ischemia.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.365-378
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• 1995

Allogeneic bone grafting has recently been used in oral and maxillofacial regions to restore the cosmetic and functional problem. There are several types of allogeneic bone grafts ; bone powder, bone chips, bone blocks. Empirically, it is thought to be better to combine the allogeneic bone chips to any type of tissue adhesive not to displace during packing and condensing. But, there are no reports about using tissue adhesive in allogeneic bone grafting. This experimental study is designed to investigate the effect of the fibrin adhesive on bone healing process after demineralized allogeneic bone grafting in 60 rats. In control groups (30 rats), routine demineralized allogeneic bone grafting were done in 7 ${\times}$ 7mm calvarial bone defects which were drilled intentioally. And we used the fibrin adhesive for holding the bone particle in experimental groups (30 rats). Each experimental specimen was sacrified at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively The results were as follows : 1. The degree of inflammatory cell infiltrations were more prominent in experimental than in control groups till 2 weeks. 2. Early fibroblast proliferation and new capillary proliferation were uncorporated around graft sites in the experimental groups later than in control groups at early stages. 3. Osteoblastic activity in control group was more prominent at 2 weeks. 4. Osteoblastic activity in experimental groups was more prominent than in control group till 4 weeks. 5. New bone formation was more in control group than experimental group till 3 weeks, but similar appearance after that time. As above results, initial bone healing within 2 weeks were more processed in without adhesive group than with adhesive group. But above 4 weeks; similar bone healing were observed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

As the popularity of fat grafting research increases, animal models are being used as the source of pre-clinical experimental information for discovery and to enhance techniques. To date, animal models used in this research have not been compared to provide a standardized model. We analyzed publications from 1968-2015 to compare published accounts of animal models in fat grafting research. Data collected included: species used, graft characteristics (donor tissue, recipient area, amount injected, injection technique), time of sacrifice and quantification methods. Mice were most commonly used (56% of studies), with the "athymic nude" strain utilized most frequently (44%). Autologous fat was the most common source of grafted tissue (52%). Subcutaneous dorsum was the most common recipient site (51%). On average, $0.80{\pm}0.60mL$ of fat was grafted. A single bolus technique was used in 57% of studies. Fat volume assessment was typically completed at the end of the study, occurring at less than 1 week to one year. Graft volume was quantified by weight (63%), usually in conjunction with another analysis. The results demonstrate the current heterogeneity of animal models in this research. We propose that the research community reach a consensus to allow better comparison of techniques and results. One example is the model used in our laboratory and others; this model is described in detail. Eventually, larger animal models may better translate to the human condition but, given increased financial costs and animal facility capability, should be explored when data obtained from small animal studies is exhausted or inconclusive.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.323-328
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• 2019

It is a highly important problem for mankind to supply sufficient energy, which has been connected to production and supply of electricity. In terms of the problems, this study fabricated a new sort of solid polymer electrolyte membrane for supercapacitors. The fabricated electrolyte employed grafting poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (POEM) side chain on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) main chain by free-radical polymerization. It is the first time to utilize PVA-g-POEM graft copolymer as an electrolyte membrane for supercapacitor. The chain behavior of PVA was transformed by grafting POEM side chains, which was analyzed by FT-IR spectra. Also, the capacitance performances of fabricated supercapacitors were explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), and ragone plot. We suggest a new point, the grafting of the electrolyte of supercapacitor in this study.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1993

Mulberry grafting season in normally a one month period starting at the end of March. Such a short period creates a shortage of qualified grafters and inflates wages. Pine tree sawdust was tested as a medium in which to preserve graftages. Sawdust was moistened to two ratios of water to dry weight of sawdust (1.5 and 2.0). Scions were either grafted the same day they were collected or first incubated for 10days at 15$^{\circ}C$. Grafting period could be extended to the middle of February under 1.5 times moisture content and fresh scions. Preservation of scions increased water content, T-N, P2O5, CaO and inositol, whereas decreased total C, glucose and fructose. With no preservation total C decreased, inositol increased slightly early March followed sharp decrease, and sucrose increased with time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2015

Time-specific responses of flower bud differentiation were investigated in 'Shinko' (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) pear grown at different altitudes from July through December 2013 to determine their suitability as scions in a top-grafting system. Flower bud initiation and bud necrosis were monitored on each of three sections of one-year-old shoots: terminal, middle, and basal. Flower bud differentiation s tarted in September in the highlands of the Lishan area, and in J uly in the lowlands of the Zhoulan area. In Lishan, flower bud differentiation was higher in the middle and basal segments; during leaf fall, however, flower bud differentiation occurred rapidly in the terminal segment. In Zhoulan, flower buds began to differentiate from the terminal section of the shoot, and severe flower bud necrosis was noted. In July, flower buds developed normally; however, in early August, some of the buds at the basal segment showed browning. During leaf fall, some flower buds showed symptoms of necrosis with rapid and complete browning. Flower bud necrosis began at the basal segment and progressed rapidly towards middle and terminal sections. Before leaf fall, flower buds fell off when scales swelled. The terminal and middle parts of the current-year shoots, with some flower buds, collected in October or later from the Lishan area could be used as scions for top-grafting of 'Shinko' pear. Each grafting scion was a 3-5 cm shoot with one flower bud. These results suggest that scions from the terminal and middle segments of stems of 'Shinko' pear from the Lishan area can be used as scions whereas those from Zhoulan area show necrosis and might not be suitable as scions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.241-253
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• 2019

This study evaluated and compared the donor site morbidity following minimally invasive and conventional open harvesting of iliac bone for secondary alveolar bone grafting in cleft palate patients. A thorough electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and an institutional library and manual search of various journals was done; Inclusion criteria: 1) full-text articles using a minimally invasive or conventional open harvesting technique for iliac bone for secondary alveolar grafting in cleft palate patients and 2) articles published between January 1, 2001 and June 30, 2017 and Exclusion criteria: 1) articles published in languages other than English, 2) case reports, case series, animal studies, in vitro studies, and letters to the editor, and 3) full-text article unavailable even after writing to the authors. Preliminary screening of 274 studies excluded 223 studies for not meeting the eligibility criteria. Of the remaining 51 studies, 19 were removed for being duplicates. Of the remaining 32 studies, 15 were excluded after reading the abstract. Of the 17 studies that were left, 2 were excluded because they were in a language other than English, and 2 were excluded because the study group did not mention cleft palate patients. Thus, 13 studies providing results for a total of 654 patients were included in this qualitative synthesis. Minimally invasive bone graft harvest techniques are better than the conventional open iliac bone harvest method because they offer shorter operative time, decreased requirement for pain medications, less pain on discharge, and a shorter hospital stay.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2022

Background Many authors have researched ways to optimize fat grafting by looking for a technique that offers safe and long-term fat survival rate. To date, there is no standardized protocol. We designed a "hydraulic system technique" optimizing the relationship among the quantity of injected fat, operative time, and material cost to establish fat volume cutoffs for a single procedure. Methods Thirty-six patients underwent fat grafting surgery and were organized into three groups according to material used: standard, "1-track," and "2-tracks" systems. The amount of harvested and grafted fat as well as material used for each procedure was collected. Operating times were recorded and statistical analysis was performed to establish the relationship with the amount of treated fat. Results In 15 cases the standard system was used (mean treated fat 72 [30-100] mL, mean cost 4.23 ± 0.27 euros), in 11 cases the "1-track" system (mean treated fat 183.3 [120-280] mL, mean cost 7.63 ± 0.6 euros), and in 10 cases the "2-tracks" one (mean treated fat 311[220-550] mL, mean cost 12.47 ± 1 euros). The mean time difference between the standard system and the "1-track" system is statistically significant starting from three fat syringes (90 mL) in 17.66 versus 6.87 minutes. The difference between the "1-track" system and "2-tracks" system becomes statistically significant from 240 mL of fat in 15 minutes ("1-track") versus 9.3 minutes for the "2-tracks" system. Conclusion Data analysis would indicate the use of the standard system, "1-track," and "2-tracks" to treat an amount of fat < 90 mL of fat, 90 ÷ 240 mL of fat, and ≥ 240 mL of fat, respectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

Purpose: The performance of implant surgery in the posterior maxilla often poses a challenge due to insufficient available bone. Sinus floor elevation was developed to increase the needed vertical height to overcome this problem. However, grafting materials used for the sinus lift technique eventually show resorption. The present study radiographically compared and evaluated the changes in height of the grafting materials after carrying out maxillary sinus elevation with a window opening procedure. This study also evaluated the difference between two xenogenic bone materials when being used for the sinus lifting procedure. Methods: Twenty-one patients were recruited for this study and underwent a sinus lift procedure. All sites were treated with either bovine bone (Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bovine bone (OCS-$B^{(R)}$)/PRP. A total of 69 implants were placed equally 6-8 months after the sinus lift. All sites were clinically and radiographically evaluated right after the implant surgery, 7-12 months, 13-24 months, and 25-48 months after their prosthetic loading. Results: Changes of implant length/bone length with time showed a statistically significant decreasing tendency (P<0.05). There was no significant change in the Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ group (P>0.05). In contrast, the OCS-$B^{(R)}$ group showed a significant decrease with time (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that there was significant reduction in comparison with data right after placement, after 7 to 12 months, 13 to 24 months, and over 25 months; however, reduction rates between each period have shown to be without significance. No significant difference in height change was observed between the Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and the OCS-$B^{(R)}$ groups.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.647-653
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• 2014

Background Administration of growth factors has been associated with increased viability of composite grafts greater than 1-cm in diameter. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains many of the growth factors studied. In this study, we evaluate the effect of PRP injection on composite graft viability and the proper time for injection. Methods A total of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups. Autologous PRP was injected into the recipient sites three days before grafting in group 1, on the day of grafting in group 2, and three days after grafting in group 3. Group 4 served as control without PRP administration. Auricular composite grafts of 3-cm diameter were harvested and grafted back into place after being rotated 180 degrees. Median graft viability and microvessel density were evaluated at day 21 of graft via macroscopic photographs and immunofluorescent staining, respectively. Results The median graft survival rate was 97.8% in group 1, 69.2% in group 2, 55.7% in group 3, and 40.8% in the control group. The median vessel counts were 34 (per ${\times}200$ HPF) in group 1, 24.5 in group 2, 19.5 in group 3, and 10.5 in the control group. Conclusions This study demonstrates that PRP administration is associated with increased composite graft viability. All experimental groups showed a significantly higher survival rate and microvessel density, compared with the control group. Pre-administration of PRP was followed by the highest graft survival rate and revascularization. PRP treatments are minimally invasive, fast, easily applicable, and inexpensive, and offer a potential clinical pathway to larger composite grafts.