• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

To estimate pollution sources in the watershed with various industries, the simulation of contamination route and distribution of 2-methyl-4,6-dinitriophenol(DNOC) were performed with a numerical model Hydro Geo Sphere. This study was performed calculations of the load using the measured concentration and simulated flow rate. And, the river was divided by the sampling sites at the mainstream, and the contribution rate at downstream sampling sites was calculated for each section. The results showed the concentration of the downstream sampling sites were decided by the concentration of upstream sites, and the contribution rates of the tributaries were calculated below 10%. The results also showed that the impact of the potential sources in Section 1(Geumho1 ~ Geumho2) and Section 5(Geumho5 ~ Geumho6) was larger than in the other area. In Section1 and Section5, It seemed to require detailed investigation.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.210-222
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effect of the sasang constitutional prescription with peeling and MTS on Acne patients. Methods : We treated 81 acne patients with sasang constitutional prescription with peeling and MTS. After treatments we compared the before and after photos, and estimated by Korean Acne Grading System. Results & Conclusions : 1. Patients were comprised of 59 females and 22 males. And there were 30 adolescent and 51 postadolescent acne patients. Out of 81 acne patients, there were many 41 postadolescent female acne patients. 2. Sasang constitutional distribution was comprised of 74 Soyangin, 5 Soeumin and 2 Taeeumin 3. Yangkyuksanhwa-tang(48.1%) and Yangdokbackho-tang(40.7%) were used much in 81 acne patients. 4. Before the treatment, 92.3% of Yangkyuksanhwa-tang group and 63.6% of Yangdokbackho-tang group had mild acne symptom and acne grade mean of Yangdokbackho-tang group was higher than another groups. 5. Peeling times mean of 81 acne patients was 2.54 times and MTS times mean was 4.57 times. Acne grade was improved when peeling times were higher. 6. Before the treatment, 81 acne patients were comprised of 81.5% mild symptom and 18.5% severe symptom patients and acne grade mean was 2.75. After the treatment. there were only mild symptom patients and acne grade mean was 1.04.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2013

This study investigated the devoicing rate of Japanese high vowels, focusing on regional and generational differences by acoustically analyzing vowels from two large speech databases. The first speech database used in this study was collected between 1986 and 1988 from 41 areas (prefectures) which included 607 participants (299 high school students and 308 their grandparents). The second was taken from a 2006-2007 collection from seven areas as a follow-up investigation to the first database consisting of 463 participants ranging in age from 8-90 year olds. The results revealed there is a generational as well as regional difference in the devoicing rate in almost all areas. Based on those results, a new distribution map reflecting a current devoicing rate of the younger generation was presented. Furthermore, by comparing the two data sets, this study confirmed age difference in the devoicing rate is not age-grading but a sound change in progress. This study discusses the social factors for changes in the devoicing rate of some areas and then applies the devoicing rate of five areas to an S-curve model to predict the future devoicing rate.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.86-99
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the general features of patients with idiopathic faical paralysis. Methods : We investigated the various features and HBGS (House-Brackmann Grading System) of 505 patients who were diagnosed with idiopathic facial paralysis. Results and Conclusions : 1. The sex distribution was 264 male cases, and 241 female cases, and the majority of them were in their 40s. 2. Overwork was the most frequent contributing factor to their paralysis. 3. The treatment of most patients was completed within 2 months. 4. Their recovery was faster if their first hospital visit was sooner and their paralysis was partial. On average, the patients recovered within 19.5 to 27.8 days and it took much less time than natural recovery. 5. When looking at the BMI of the selected patients for this study, 62.00% were obese while 14.37% were under-weight. Among the obese patients, there were more with Xu mai (虛脈) than Shi mai (實脈). For the under-weight patients, most had Shuo mai (數脈) while none had Chi mai (遲脈).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

The study aims to analyze the theoretical background of the economic growth and sustainable development; systematization of scientists view on monitoring and economic and innovative evaluation, analysis and diagnosis of factors affecting these processes. Rating characteristics of the level of innovative resources development obtained based on the comparative analysis of Kazakhstan regions. Calculations were done based on official statistics during 2010 and 2015-2017. Based on obtained data there has been grading of the country regions and their ratings were determined by the level of development of innovative resources. This research identifies areas and mechanisms to ensure balanced sustainable development of the national economy. The findings suggest that sustainable development of the state is affected by the innovative activity of the regions, the sustainable development of which is ensured by innovative enterprises. Transition to the model of sustainable territorial development involves the formation of such conditions and the use of mechanisms under which the natural base of this development is not destroyed, the environment suitable for human existence is preserved and reproduced. The findings of this research support for pursuing a national policy of reducing regional imbalances, and promoting a more balanced and sustainable development of the whole country.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1998

NiCrAly/YSZ(8wt% Y2O3-Zro2) functionally fraded thermal barrier coating (FGC) layers on a Co-base sureralloy (HAYNESS 188) substrate were fabricated using Ar shielded single torch air plasma spraying method. Functional grading were produced with the stepwise compositional change throughout layer thinkness. Microstructural observation revealed a sucessful fabrication of NiCrAly/YSZ FGC. From the results of the curvature measurement, adhesive stength measurement and thermal shock test for the FGC, it was concluded that the optimum enhance of functionally graded coating layer thinkcess and compositional pattern exit to enhance the properties of FGC, which is closely reated to the internal residual distribution with it.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2001

Recurrent Bell's palsy is a very rare case and have been reported that shows the incidence to be approximately 10 per cent in the Bell's palsy patents. It is generally accepted that facial paralysis caused by compression of the facial nerve by tumor develops slowly and has an unremitting course, however, reported cases have described the rare association of recurrent facial paralysis and intracranial tumor, and the same recovery rate. Usual symptoms of Bell's palsy include subacute facial palsy, hyperacusis on the affected side, postauricular pain on the affected side, altered sensation of taste, and partial trigeminal distribution hypesthesias. Complete resolution of symptoms is usually seen in 2-3months in $75-85\%$ of cases, with $25-35\%$ showing varying degrees of residual effects. We report a case of 4th ipsilateral recurrent Bell's palsy in a 14-year-old women, which was occurred in every winters. We treated her with acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medication, carbon and silver spike point, and used House-Brackmnn grading system(HBGS) and the Fisch Detailed Evaluation of Facial Symmetry(DEFS) to assess the degree of paralysis in each part of face.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2019

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a single most arthritic disease. Knee joint space width (JSW) is commonly used for grading severity of knee OA. However, previous studies did not established criterion validity and test-retest reliability of ultrasound (US) image for measuring JSW. Objects: The aim of this study was to establish criterion validity and test-retest reliability of US measurement of medial and lateral knee JSW. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects with knee OA were participated. The US and X-ray were used to measure knee JSW. One sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to confirm the data normal distribution. Pearson correlation coefficient and ICC were used to calculated and establish criterion validity and test-retest reliability, respectively. Results: US measurement of medial and lateral knee JSW was highly correlated with radiographic imaging measure (r=.714 and .704, respectively). Test-retest reliabilities of medial and lateral knee JSW were excellent correlated (ICC=.959 for medial side and .988 for lateral side, respectively). Conclusion: US may be valid tool to measure knee JSW.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2023

Bending and buckling analysis of multi-directional porous functionally graded sandwich plate has been performed for two cases namely: FG skin with homogeneous core and FG core with homogeneous skin. The principle of virtual displacements was employed and the solution was obtained using Navier's technique. This theory imposes traction-free boundary conditions on the surfaces and does not require shear correction factors. The validation of the present study has been performed with those available in the literature. The composition of metal-ceramic-based FGM changes in longitudinal and transverse directions according to the power law. Different porosity laws, such as uniform distribution, unevenly and logarithmically uneven distributions were used to mimic the imperfections in the functionally graded material that were introduced during the fabrication process. Several sandwich plates schemes were studied based on the plate's symmetry and the thickness of each layer. The effects of grading parameters and porosity laws on the bending and buckling of sandwich plates were examined.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권6호
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• pp.813-822
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• 2022

In this article, the buckling and free vibration of multi-directional FGM sandwich plates are investigated. The material properties of FGM sandwich plates are assumed to be varying continuously in the in the longitudinal, transverse and thickness directions. The material properties are evaluated based on Voigt's micro-mechanical model considering power law distribution method with arbitrary power index. Equations of motion for the buckling and vibration analysis of multi-directional FGM sandwich plate are obtained based on refined shear deformation theory. Analytical solution for simply supported multidirectional FGM sandwich plate is carried out using Navier's solution technique. The FGM sandwich plate considered in this work has a homogeneous ceramic core and two functionally graded face sheets. Influence of volume fraction index in the longitudinal, transverse and thickness direction, layer thickness, and geometrical parameter over natural frequency and critical buckling load of multi-directional FGM sandwich plate is investigated. The finding shows a multi-directional functionally graded structures perform better compared to uni-directional gradation. Hence, critical grading parameters have been identified which will guide researchers in selecting fabrication routes for improving the performance of such structures.