• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2022

In April and June 2014, mortalities of goldfish occurred at Korea. The principal signs included pale gills, severely enlarged and softened spleen and kidney and red liver. Moreover, the histopathological characteristics observed mainly in hematopoietic tissues of kidney, gill lamellae and intestine. The predominant histopathological changes were severe necrosis of hematopoietic tissue. In addition, nucleus exhibiting peripherally displaced chromatin were particularly abundant in the kidney of affected fish. The histological examination led to hypothesize the implication of a virus in the mortality. The hematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus (Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, CyHV-2) DNA polymerase gene successfully detected in DNA extracted from kidney and spleen of affected fish using PCR assay and showed 100% identity with already deposited CyHV-2 DNA polymerase gene in NCBI. Artificial infection trials using affected tissues filtrates gave cumulative mortalities of 30% for virus injected goldfish. In the present study, CyHV-2 was detected and identified as the causative pathogen of the epizootic in goldfish in Korea.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

In this study, imported ornamental goldfish (Oranda and black moor) with high mortality was investigated with histopathological analysis. Fishes showed clinical symptoms characterized by gill necrosis and cumulative mortality ranging from 60% to 90% within a month after import from Thailand and China in 2021. CyHV-2 was detected in gill, kidney, spleen and liver of goldfishes. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial necrosis, intranuclear inclusion bodies associated with viral symptoms in epithelial cell, macrophage infiltration and vacuolation in secondary lamella. In addition, disseminated granuloma formation was observed in various organs such as kidney, heart and mesenchymal membranes. These lesions refer to coinfections with CyHV-2 and other pathogens that cause chronic inflammation, which leads to mortality. Therefore, early disease monitoring needs to reduce the mortality when ornamental goldfish is imported.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.434-435
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• 2000

참돔 이리도바이러스 질병(red seabream iridovirus disease ; RSIVD)은 1990년 일본 시코쿠지역의 참돔 양식장에서 처음 발병된 후, 매년 발병지역이 확산되고 발병 어종이 다양해지고 있다. 참돔에서 분리된 RSIV는 icosahedral cytoplasmic deoxyribovirus로서 크기가 200∼240nm이며 형태학적 특징에 의해 iridoviridae로. 분류하고 있지만, 어류를 숙주로 하는 iridovirus과 중에서 lymphocystis virus속인 flounder virus(LCDV-1) 및 lymphocystis disease virus(LCDV-2)와 goldfish virus 1-lke virus속인 goldfish virus 1(GFV-1) 및 goldfish virus 2(GFV-2)와는 전혀 다른 바이러스로 알려져 있다. (중략)

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1989

This experiment was performed to study the acute toxic effects of mereuric chloride(HgCl$_{2}$) in goldfish (Carassius aurams). In the study, Lc$_{50}$ values were determined for each 24, 48, 72 ,and 96-hr and mercury bioassay during the tests were performed. in five parts gill, kidney, liver, muscle and egg. The results isummarized were as follows 1. In the range of acute lethal toxicity for goldfish was 0.15-1.50 mg/l and the Lc$_{50}$ values decreased with exposure time. 2. The Lc$_{50}$ values of HgCl$_{2}$ for goldfish at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hour were 0.64, 0.53, 0.46, and 0.39 mg/l, respectively. 3. In the 400 $\mu$g/l treatment group, the average levels of mercury residues in the gill, kidey, liver, muscle and egg during 96 hour were 107.02 $\mu$g/g, 8.65 $\mu$g/g, 6.87 $\mu$g/g, 0.61 $\mu$g/g, and 0.82 $\mu$g/g, respectively. 4. The mercuny residues of gill was up to 12-175 times greater than mercury contents found in the other tissues.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.369-374
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• 1994

The acute and subacute toxicity of fungicide folpet was evaluated in fingerings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and goldfish, Carrassius auratus. Dipping of fishes for acute toxicity was performed for a period of 24h, and the TLm value(median tolerance limit) was 1.52 ppm in common carp and 1.45 ppm in goldfish. Severe damages were observed in various organs and among them, clubbing of gill lamella, lytic degeneration and vacuolation of liver cells, and epithelial edema of renal tubules were relatively prominent. The most significant changes were hyperbasophilic foci of liver cells in subacute toxicity test and these can imply the possibility of hepatocarcinogenecity of folpet.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

In order to investigate acute toxicity and bioconcentration of heavy metals for a freshwater fish, the fish used in this experiment was goldfish, Carassius auratus. Each ten goldfish was accommonidated in a water and was treated with different concentration of Pb and Cu compound. The 24 $hr-LC_{50}$ was obtained by plotting on the log-normal distribution graph. Furthermore, the combined effect of Pb and Cu was also investigated the fish was treated with Pb or Cu compound only, and Pb and Cu compound together, respectively. These results were summarized as follows: 1. The 24 $hr-LC_{50}'s$ of Pb and Cu were 7.48 mg/l and 0.666 mg/l, respectively. 2. When single or/and combined treatment with Pb(7.0 mg/l) or/and Cu(0.6 mg/l) to Carassius auratus for 24 hours were performed, there was significant difference between the single or/and the combined treatment in their bioaccumulated Cu concentrations. Cu concentrations in goldfish were higher in the combined treatment than in the single treatment. 3. When Carassius auratus was exposed to 0.748 mg/l (1/10 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) and 1.496 mg/l of Pb (1/5 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) for 7 days, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) were 79.14 and 100.11 for Pb, respectively. The BCF of Pb was obtained as a linearity according to the concentration and exposure time as follows log BCF=1.014 log $P\cdot T$+1.011 ($r^2$=0.9041) where, P: pollutant concentration(mg/l) T: exposure time(day) 4. When Carassius auratus was pxposed to 0.0666 mg/l (1/10 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) and 0.1332 mg/l of Cu (1/5 of 24 $hr-LC_{50}$) for 7 days, the bioconcentration factors (BCF) were 55.42 and 63.24 for Cu respectively. The BCF of Cu was obtained as a linearity according to the concentration and exposure time as follows log BCF=0.571 log $P\cdot T$+1.823 ($r^2$=0.8974) where, P: polutant concentration(mg/l) T: exposure time(day)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to investigate the effects of taurine on cadmium poisoning in muscle, gill, and bone tissues of wild goldfish. For this experiment, 80 wild goldfish were divided into four experimental groups: 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 0 mg/L of taurine (Group I), 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 20 mg/kg of taurine (Group II), 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 40 mg/L of taurine (Group III), and 0.3 mg/L of cadmium and 80 mg/L of taurine (Group IV). The results were as follows: The cadmium concentration in muscle tissue of wild goldfish was 0.65-3.21 mg/kg wet wt in Group I, whereas it decreased in Group IV. Levels of cadmium in gill tissue of wild goldfish were 16.57-42.39 mg/kg wet wt in Group I, 15.23-43.01 mg/kg wet wt in Group II, 15.11-39.56 mg/kg wet wt in Group III, and 13.15-38.55 mg/kg wet wt in Group IV (P < 0.05), suggesting that the cadmium concentration decreased in the experimental groups compared to control. The cadmium concentration in bone tissue of wild goldfish after 28 days was 0.52-9.75 mg/kg in Group II, whereas it increased in Group III (P < 0.05). In conclusion, taurine may have a preventive effect against cadmium accumulation in biological tissues.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2010

To understand the function of edges in perception of moving objects, we defined four questions to answer. Is the focus point in visual motion detection of a moving object: (1) the body or the edge of the object, (2) the leading edge or trailing edge of the object, (3) different in scotopic, mesopic and photopic luminance levels, or (4) different for colored objects? We measured the Optomotor Response (OMR) and Edge Triggering Response (ETR) of goldfish. We used a square and sine wave patterns with black and red stripes and a square wave pattern with black and grey stripes to generate OMR's and ETR's in the goldfish. When we used black and red stripes, the black leading edges stimulated an ETR under scotopic conditions, red leading edges stimulated an ETR under photopic conditions, and both black and red leading edges stimulated an ETR under mesopic luminance levels. For black and gray stripes, only black leading edges stimulated an ETR in all three light illumination levels. We observed less OMR and ETR results using the sine wave pattern compared to using the square wave pattern. From these results, we deduced that the goldfish tend to prefer tracking the leading edge of the pattern. The goldfish can also detect the color of the moving pattern under photopic luminance conditions. We decided that ETR is an intriguing factor in OMR, and is suitable as a method of behavioral measurement in visual system research.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2005

The characteristics of nitrogen removal by the free cell and the immobilized cell of R. capsulatus were investigated. Denitrification by R. capsulatus cells resulted in reduction of ORP with the rapid depletion of DO and the increase of pH. Without accumulation of nitrite, the removal efficiencies of ${NO_3}^-$-N for the free cell and the immobilized cell were 99.1 and 99.3%, respectively. During the three-month experiment of goldfish breeding equipped with a water-purification biofilter, the average values of pH and total cell numbers present in an aquarium were not significantly different between water-purification system and the control. The average concentrations of ${NH_4}^+$-N and ${PO_4}^{2-}$-P in water-purification system were relatively low, compared to that in the control. Goldfish died at $11^{th}$, $16^{th}$, $43^{rd}$, and $67^{th}$ days in the control, while goldfish died at $10^{th}$, $20^{th}$, and $39^{th}$ days in the water-purification system. On the days of goldfish's death, the total concentrations of nitrogenous compounds except for ${NO_2}^--N$ were higher than those on the other days of the experiment, especially with the concentrations of ${NH_4}^+$-N ranging from 7.4 to 13.5 mg/L. The water-purification system also showed the less turbidity of water with more active movement of goldfish than the control. PVA gel beads showed almost the full denitrifying ability even after the long-term experiment. As a result, the water-purification system was effective to remove nitrogenous compounds with better survival of goldfish.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1046-1051
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• 2012

$^{18}F$ 방사성동위원소 피폭으로 금붕어 뇌에서 유도된 생리활성물질을 조사하기 위해 금붕어 뇌에 존재하는 신경전달물질의 생성 변화에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. $^{18}F$ 580 mCi를 납으로 밀폐된 공간에 두고 선원으로부터 4 cm 떨어진 위치에 금붕어들을 수조에 넣어 4시간 동안 노출시켰다. 거리, 노출시간 및 $^{18}F$의 반감기로부터 계산된 흡수선량은 약 2 Gy이었다. $^{18}F$에 의해 피폭된 금붕어 뇌와 피폭되지 않은 정상 금붕어의 뇌를 각각 10마리씩 절개하여 즉시 냉동 보관 하였다. 각각의 조직들은 초산으로 추출하였으며, 동결건조 후 샘플들은 증류수로 녹여 HPLC를 사용하여 물질을 정제하였다. $^{18}F$로 피폭된 금붕어와 피폭되지 않은 금붕어의 뇌에 존재하는 생리활성물질의 흡광도의 세기는 전체적으로 커다란 차이점은 없었지만, 방사선에 노출된 금붕어 뇌 추출물의 경우 13분대에 해당하는 물질 피크만이 정상 금붕어 뇌 추출물에 비해 매우 크게 증가하였다. 분석 결과, 이 물질은 트립토판(tryptophan, Trp)으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 금붕어의 뇌에 존재하는 신경전달물질인 트립토판은 $^{18}F$ 방사성동위원소 피폭으로 금붕어 뇌에서 농도 변화가 유도된다는 것을 이 결과는 나타내고 있다.