• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.336-339
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• 1999

Photo-excited $TiO_2$ surface has a strong ability to induce various chemical reactions. Our study concentrates mainly on the utilisation of light energy to induce reactive radicals for environmental protection application. For instance, we have successfully used TiO$_2$ to break down foul smelling substances in air. In order to retain and separate the $TiO_2$ catalyst from the reactants and products, $TiO_2$ was immobilised by fixing onto various substrates. $TiO_2$ catalyst coated onto glass, wall paper and painted panel was found to show significant deodorising effect. The deodorising effect continues as long as$TiO_2$ is exposed to light irradiation.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.277-291
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the dental hygienists' overall performance in operative restoration and the clinical performance in operative restoration according to dental hygienists' career and to provide basic data for establishing the appropriate range of dental hygienists' work. Subjects of this study are 339 dental hygienists working at dental clinic and hospital nationwide, selected by their working place, career, type of clinic, and location of clinical institution. The distribution of people who responded to the survey shows that 81 belong to beginner level(less than 2 years since entering clinic), 115 intermediate level(2 to 3 years since entering clinic), 81 higher level(4 to 5 years since entering clinic) and 62 advanced level(more than 6 years since their entering clinic). In terms of the types of clinical institution, 178 belong to dental clinics and 161 belong to dental hospitals. The survey used in this study are focused on perception about clinical performance in operative dentistry and adequacy of the work. Operative dentistry consists of operative restoration and endodontic therapy. The operative restoration consists of 15 categories such as patient welcoming, examination and diagnosis, planning of treatment, anesthesia, control of moisture, cavity preparation, pulp protection, matrix band application, amalgam filling, resin filling, glass ionomer cement filling, abrasive strip removal, rubber dam removal, bite check and polishing, patient education, and arrangement. The reliability was Cronbach's Alpha .9453. SPSS 10.0 for Windows was used to analyze the responses. One way ANOVA was utilized to verify the differences in the dental hygienists' job performance in operative restoration and their job performance according to career. When significant difference was found. Duncan multi comparison post hoc was done. To sum up the results of this study, patient welcoming look the first place in the operative restoration. It was followed by patient education, examination and diagnosis, introducing treatment plan, resin filling, glass ionomer cement filling, amalgam filling, bite check and polishing, anesthesia, pulp protection, control of moisture, abrasive strip removal, cavity preparation, matrix band application, rubber dam removal, and anesthesia. In terms of the clinical performance by career, there were significant differences in 19 activities such as medical eraluation, oral examination, patient charting, intra oral readio graphs, firm developing fixing mounting, curing light gun, education of attention content after operation. Based on the results of this study, the specific range of operative restoration for dental hygienists should be focused on providing basic data for dentists' diagnosis, alleviation of fear and aching accompanied by injection and anesthesia, data providing for dentists' decision of anesthesia degree, and maximization of control of moisture.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.38-55
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• 1999

열적특성이 비교적 열악한 재료인 유리를 내화성능이 요구되는 방화구획을 이루는 비내력벽에 사용하려는 시포가 국내외적으로 활발하게 진행되고 있는 중에서, 본 연구는 유리표면에 수막을 형성시켜 구획화재시 유리벽이 파열되지 않고 견딜 수 있는 성능을 가질 수 있는 초점을 맞추어 단계적인 실험을 실시하였다. 먼저 수직고가 3M이상인 유리벽에 균일하고도 단절이 없는 수막을 형성할 수 있는 시스템을 고안하여 대형내화로내에서 화염의 세기를 줄이지 않는, 즉 리바운드량이 거의 없는 수막을 형성시킬 수 있도록 제작한 후, 이 시스템을 사용하여 수막이 형성된 유리벽의 열적 특성을 확인하는데 중점을 두고 실험하였다. 다음에는 고안된 시스템을 소형과 대형의 유리벽에 적용시켜 우선적으로는 소형내화로에서 가열하여 기초적인 열적 특성을 조사한 후에 여기서 얻은 데이터를 근거로 실제규모의 실험이 가능한가를 판단한 후에 최종적으로는 2.4M$\times$3M크기의 대형의 유리벽에 수막을 형성한 플러드 노즐형 수막형성유리벽체를 대형내화로내에 거치하여 KS F2257에 의하여 가열하는 내화성능실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 수막이 왼벽하게 유리면을 도포된 상태에서만 유리가 파열되지 않았으며 이런 수막을 계속적으로 유지하는 데는 많은 변수가 있다는 것을 발견하였으며 또한 수막도포상태의 변화는 내화성능을 보유하는데 있어서 핵심적으로 작용한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2015

치과방사선 검사에 있어 방사선작업종사자의 위치에 따라 방사선 노출 정도를 평가하고자 촬영실과 납유리, 조작대에서 방사선량률을 측정하였다. 사용된 장치로는 Standard(Max-GLS, Shinhung), 파노라마(PCH-2500, Vatech), 세팔로(PCH-2500), Cone beam CT(PHT-30LFO, Vatech)이며, 방사선측정기는 PM1405 장비이다. 촬영조건은 임상에서 사용하는 인자와 동일하게 설정하였다. 그 결과 촬영실 안에서는 Cone beam CT가 98 uSv/h로 가장 높았으며, standard가 0.4 uSv/h로 가장 낮은 수치를 보였다. 또 파노라마가 촬영방식이 다름으로 인하여 세팔로 보다 높게 측정되었다. 납유리 표면과 조작대에서는 구강내와 파노라마, 세팔로는 모두 기록준위 이하로 측정되었지만, Cone beam CT는 누설선량이 있는 것으로 측정되었다. 이에 방사선작업종사는 적절한 방호도구를 하고 촬영시간을 최대한 줄여야 한다. 또, 방사선실의 구조 또한 효율적으로 설계해야 할 것이다. 치과방사선검사는 최근 지속적으로 증가하고 있기 때문에 환자와 방사선작업종사자에 대한 적절한 방호 대책이 필요하다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.103-115
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• 1995

계측이 간단하며 화학적 분리가 필요 없는 액체섬광계수법을 이용하여 일부 지하수 및 온천수중 $^{222}Rn$의 최적 분석조건을 검토하였다. $^{222}Rn$의 분석을 위한 최적 파형분석(PSA) 준위는 Optiphase HiSafe3 형광체 (Cocktail)에서 110, 그리고 톨루엔계열 형광체 (Toluene-based cocktail)에서는 90이었다. $^{222}Rn$의 계측효율은 Optiphase HiSafe3 형광체를 이용한 경우 ${\alpha}$영역에서의 계수효율은 유리용기는 282.2%, 테프론용기에서는 271.6%였으며, 톨루엔계열 형광체를 이용한 경우에는 유리용기와 테프론 용기에서 각각 262.3%, 247,5%였다. Optiphase HiSafe3 형광체와 테프론용기를 사용하여 60분간 계측하는 경우 ${\alpha}$-선 피크영역에서 $^{222}Rn$의 검출하한치는 $0.30Bq/{\iota}$였다. 또한, 본 연구에서 검토한 분석법은 일부 지하수 및 온천수중 $^{222}Rn$의 분석에도 응용되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

The incandescent lamp is an electric light fixture with a tungsten filament heated to a high temperature, by passing an electric current through it, until it glows with visible light. The hot filament is protected from oxidation with a glass bulb that is filled with inert gas. The incandescent lamp has fire risk when combustible materials are close to its glass bulb. Because its lamp has the property which converts 90~95 percents of the electric power to heat energy. 2015 national fire statistics show that fires caused by lighting fixtures were 652 cases, and incandescent lamps(44 cases) and halogen lamps(53 cases) accounted for 15 percents in those of high heating light fixtures. Since incandescent lamp fires account for about 45 percents in the high heating light fixture, we could not overlook the fire risks by the incandescent lamp. Although many studies related with those have been conducted, incandescent lamp fires are continuously occurred. This study was carried out to study the fire risk of ignition of wood due to radiant heat of incandescent lamp. Radiant heat flux of the incandescent lamp was predicted by applying point source model, and critical distance for ignition of wood was calculated by applying integral model. The results from this study could applied to fire prevention activities related to light bulb, and it could be used in fire cause investigations related to radiant heat of incandescent lamp.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2017

With the rising global environmental awareness on energy saving and carbon reduction, as well as the environmental transition and natural disasters resulted from the greenhouse effect, waste resources should be efficiently used to save environmental space and achieve environmental protection principle of "sustainable development and recycling". This study used recycled cement mortar and adopted the volumetric method for experimental design, which replaced cement (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) with recycled materials (fly ash, slag, glass powder) to test compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The hyperbolic function for nonlinear multivariate regression analysis was used to build prediction models, in order to study the effect of different recycled material addition levels (the function of $R_m$(F, S, G) was used and be a representative of the content of recycled materials, such as fly ash, slag and glass) on the compressive strength and UPV of cement mortar. The calculated results are in accordance with laboratory-measured data, which are the mortar compressive strength and UPV of various mix proportions. From the comparison between the prediction analysis values and test results, the coefficient of determination $R^2$ and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) value of compressive strength are 0.970-0.988 and 5.57-8.84%, respectively. Furthermore, the $R^2$ and MAPE values for UPV are 0.960-0.987 and 1.52-1.74%, respectively. All of the $R^2$ and MAPE values are closely to 1.0 and less than 10%, respectively. Thus, the prediction models established in this study have excellent predictive ability of compressive strength and UPV for recycled materials applied in cement mortar.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.477-482
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• 2019

Recently, due to the increased use of medical radiation, the radiation exposure of radiation workers should be considered as well as medical exposure of patients. And it is recommended to close the door during radiography. however, In this study, when the door was inevitably opened for radiography, the proposed method was to install the shield as a method of reducing the exposure dose. And its efficiency was analyzed. In simple chest radiography, the measurement point was changed according to the measurement location. Dose rate were measured 10 times for each condition using a dosimeter. And the average value was derived. Using this, the change of dose according to the opening and closing of the door and the installation of the shield was analyzed. Using this, we compared and analyzed the dose change according to the door opening and closing and the installation of the shield, and significance was verified through the SPSS ver. 24. Depending on whether the door was opened or closed, 11,215.35%, 159.0%, 101.9% increased in front of the door in the consol room, behind the wall and behind the lead glass. Depending on the installing of the shield, the 49.2%, 29.6%, 19.9%, 30.6% decrease in front of the door in the examination and consol room, behind the wall and lead glass. In addition, statistical analysis was showed that there were significant differences in both the results according to whether the door was opened or closed and shielding(p<.05). Close the door during radiography. However, when the door should be opened, it was confirmed that the dose rate were reduced by installing the shield. Therefore, to optimize radiation protection, it is recommended to install shields when opening the door.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to derive the optimum mixing ratio of phosphorescent pigment for the development of phosphorescent line marking. METHODS: In this study, we utilized a literature review and case study methodology, to describe the domestic and foreign state of practice for the production and mixing of phosphorescent pigment for use in line marking. The optimal mixing ratio was derived by comparing the reduction in luminance over time for the various phosphorescent pigment mixing ratios identified in the literature. In addition, performance and construction characteristics were analyzed using field testing techniques. RESULTS : The results were as follows: 1) the results of the luminance performance standards tests showed that all of the phosphorescence test specimens satisfied the phosphorescent fire protection standard. As the phosphorescent pigment mixing ratio increased, the luminance value increased, 2) the luminance reduction rate was minimum at the mixing ratio of 50%. However, when compared to a mixing ratio 40%, a small difference was recorded, the luminance reduction rate from the mixing ratio of 40% is judged as being converged. Therefore, in view of the economic efficiency, it was determined that the optimal mixing ratio was 40%, 3) as a result of construction on the field, a mixing ratio of 40% was found to have a higher luminance value than the general line marking for up to three hours after sunset, 4) it was found that the phosphorescent line markings without glass beads spraying had a higher luminance value than the phosphorescent line markings with glass beads spraying. CONCLUSIONS : Through the results of the basic experiments of the line markings obtained by blending a phosphorescent pigment, the results could be applied to play an important role in the development of phosphorescent line marking paint technology and in establishing application planning for on-site construction characteristics.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.1206-1218
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• 2016

This article proposes a highly reliable power and communication system that guarantees the protection of essential instruments in a nuclear power plant under a severe accident. Both power and communication lines are established with not only conventional wired channels, but also the proposed wireless channels for emergency reserve. An inductive power transfer system is selected due to its robust power transfer characteristics under high temperature, high pressure, and highly humid environments with a large amount of scattered debris after a severe accident. A thermal insulation box and a glass-fiber reinforced plastic box are proposed to protect the essential instruments, including vulnerable electronic circuits, from extremely high temperatures of up to $627^{\circ}C$ and pressure of up to 5 bar. The proposed wireless power and communication system is experimentally verified by an inductive power transfer system prototype having a dipole coil structure and prototype Zigbee modules over a 7-m distance, where both the thermal insulation box and the glass-fiber reinforced plastic box are fabricated and tested using a high-temperature chamber. Moreover, an experiment on the effects of a high radiation environment on various electronic devices is conducted based on the radiation test having a maximum accumulated dose of 27 Mrad.