• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.894-896
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• 2000

In vitro fertilization can be used for salvaging superior buffalo germplasm which otherwise goes waste after the slaughter of animals. This technology has also increased our basic understanding of growth of germ cells and embryos. The requirement of growing embryos is peculiar and stage specific. In the present study the cleavage and development of buffalo embryos were studied with homologous (buffalo) and heterologous (goat) oviductal cell co-culture systems. The cleavage rate improved significantly (p<0.01) in both homologous and heterologous co-culture as compared to control (55.3, 46.8 and 11.4%). The morula formation using homologous and heterologous oviductal cells also increased significantly as compared to control group (43.6, 21.9 & 1.9%). There was no blastula formation in control group, but addition of oviductal cells either from homologous or heterologous species significantly increased the blastula formation (9.5, 12.5%). The cleavage rate and embryo development was slightly better (non significant) in homologous as compared to heterologous oviductal cell culture. It was concluded that the use of oviductal cell co-culture (homologous and heterologous species) have significantly improved cleavage and development of buffalo embryos in vitro.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2013

Homeobox genes play essential roles in embryonic development and reproduction. Recently, a large cluster of homeobox genes, reproductive homeobox genes on the X chromosome (Rhox) genes, was discovered as three gene clusters, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, and ${\gamma}$ in mice. It was found that Rhox genes were selectively expressed in reproduction-associated tissues, such as those of the testes, epididymis, ovaries, and placenta. Hence, it was proposed that Rhox genes are important for regulating various reproductive features, especially gametogenesis in male as well as in female mammals. It was first determined that 12 Rhox genes are clustered into ${\alpha}$ (Rhox1-4), ${\beta}$ (Rhox5-9), and ${\gamma}$ (Rhox10-12) subclusters, and recently Rhox13 has also been found. At present, 33 Rhox genes have been identified in the mouse genome, 11 in the rat, and three in the human. Rhox genes are also responsible for embryonic development, with considerable amounts of Rhox expression in trophoblasts, placenta tissue, embryonic stem cells, and primordial germ cells. In this article we summarized the current understanding of Rhox family genes involved in reproduction and embryonic development and elucidated a previously unreported cell-specific expression in ovarian cells.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2013

Aluminum hydroxide (alum) is the most widely used adjuvant in human vaccines. Nevertheless, it is virtually unknown whether alum acts on B cells. In the present study, we explored the direct effect of alum on Ig expression by murine B cells in vitro. LPS-activated mouse spleen B cells were cultured with alum, and the level of isotype-specific Ig secretion, IgG1 secreting cell numbers, and Ig germ-line transcripts (GLT) were measured using ELISA, ELISPOT, and RT-PCR, respectively. Alum consistently enhanced total IgG1 production, numbers of IgG1 secreting cells, and $GLT{\gamma}1$ expression. These results demonstrate that alum can directly cause IgG1 isotype switching leading to IgG1 production.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.546.2-546
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• 2003

Dental follicle is the mesenchymal tissue which surrounds developing tooth germ. During tooth root development, periodontal components such as cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone are considered to be created by progenitors present in the dental follicle. However, little is known about these progenitors. Previously we observed that cultured bovine dental follicle cells (BDFC) contained putative cementoblast progenitors. To further analyze the biology of these cells, we have attempted to immortalize BDFC by expression of the polycomb group protein Bmi-1 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The BDFC expressing Bmi-1 and hTERT showed extended life span by 90 population doublings more than normal BDFC, and still contained cells with potential to differentiate into cementoblasts upon implantation into immunodeficiency mice. Among them, we established a clonal cell line designated as BCPb8, which formed cemetum-like mineralized tissue reactive to anti-cementum specific monoclonal antibody, 3G9, and expressed mRNA for bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, osteopontin and type I collagen upon implantation. Thus with the combination of hTERT and Bmi-1, we succeeded in immortalization of cementoblast progenitor in BDFC without affecting differentiation potential. The BCPb8 progenitor cell line could be a useful tool not only to study cementogenesis but also to develop regeneration therapy for periodontitis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2022

Many efforts have been made to study the expression of aquaporins (AQP) in the mammalian reproductive system, but there are not enough data available regarding their localized expression to fully understand their specific roles in male reproduction. The present study investigated the expression and localization patterns of different AQP subtypes in the adult mouse testes and testicular spermatozoa using an immunofluorescence assay. All the studied AQPs were expressed in the testes and revealed subtype-specific patterns in the intensity and localization depending on the cell types of the testes. AQP7 was the most abundant and intensive AQP subtype in the seminiferous tubules, expressing in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells as well as all stages of germ cells, especially the spermatids and testicular spermatozoa. The expression pattern of AQP3 was similar to that of AQP7, but with higher expression in the basal and lower adluminal compartments rather than the upper adluminalcompartment. AQP8 expression was limited to the spermatogonia and Leydig cells whereas AQP9 expression was exclusive to tails of the testicular spermatozoa and elongated spermatids. Taken together, the abundance and distribution of the AQPs across the different cell types in the testes indicating to their relavance in spermatogenesis, as well as in sperm maturation, transition, and function.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2001

This study was carried out to assess the reproductive toxicity of 2-bromopropane (S-BP) using spermatogenesis stage classification and Sertoli cell indices (SCI).Vehicle control olive oil and 2-BP doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight were injected in the interaperitoneum of 12 weeks male Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days respectively of SCI on germ cells including the spermatogonia of stages II-III, Ⅵ,Ⅹ, XII, ⅩIII, and spermatocytes of stages VIII (preleptotene), Ⅹ (leptotene), XII (leptotene), V and Ⅵ (pachytene), and the round spermatids of stage Ⅵ. Considering the process of maturation depletion in spermatonesis, spermatogonia may be the primary target cells of 2-BP toxicity.

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1998

The incidence of spontaneous testicular atrophy and its morphological changes during stage-specific spermatogenesis were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats at 10, 19, and 32 weeks of age. The incidence of testicular atrophy was 0.2%(2/90) 7.9%(9/114) and 10%(4/40) in 4, 13 and 26 weeks respectively. The epididymis with testicular atrophy had low sperm density. In the minimally affected tests scattered tubules showed complete depletion of germ cells without stage specificity. Testes with moderate to severe testicular atrophy showed seminiferous tubules lined with dense Sertoli cell population. While Leydig cells in the interstitium appeared hypertrophy they were immunohistochemically negative for proliferating cell nuclear antigen a marker of cell proliferation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2021

The incidence of infertility among individuals of reproductive age has been growing due to genetic and environmental factors, and considerable research efforts are focused on solving this issue. Ovarian development is an overly complex process in the body, involving the interaction between primordial germ cells and gonad somatic cells. However, follicles located in the center of the in vitro ovary are poorly formed owing to ovarian complexity, nutrient deficiency, and signaling deficiency. In the present study, we optimized methods for dissociating gonads and culture conditions for the in vitro generation of miniaturized ovaries. The gonads from embryos were dissociated into cell masses and cultured on a Transwell-COL membrane for 3-5 weeks. Approximately 12 follicles were present per in vitro ovary. We observed that miniaturized ovaries successfully matured to MII oocytes in vitro from 150 to 100 ㎛ gonad masses. This method will be useful for investigating follicle development and oocyte production.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.51-51
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• 2003

Oct-4 is a maternally expressed octamer-binding protein encoded by the murine Oct-4 gene. It is present in unfertilized oocytes, but also in the inner cell mass and in primordial germ cells. In addition, Oct-4 is the first transcrition factor described that is specific for the blastocysts stage bovine embryos. The spatial and temporal expression patterns were further determined using Immunohistochemistry. With this technique Oct-4 protein expression is detected in the oocyte, in the blastocyst. After pregnancy Oct-4 expression is restricted ovary and placental tissue. Therefore Oct-4 is a transcription factor that is specifically expressed in cells participating in the pregnancy of Korean native cattle. These result suggest that Oct-4 localization and expression may contribute to the defects in the developmental normal seen in Korean native cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.683-697
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• 2023

The threat posed by increased surface temperatures worldwide has attracted the attention of researchers to the reaction of animals to heat stress. Spermatogenesis in animals such as stallions is a temperature-dependent process, ideally occurring at temperatures slightly below the core body temperature. Thus, proper thermoregulation is essential, especially because stallion spermatogenesis and the resulting spermatozoa are negatively affected by increased testicular temperature. Consequently, the failure of thermoregulation resulting in heat stress may diminish sperm quality and increase the likelihood of stallion infertility. In this review, we emphasize upon the impact of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the somatic and germ cells and describe the subsequent testicular alterations. In addition, we explore the functions and molecular responses of heat shock proteins, including HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP105, in heat-induced stress conditions. Finally, we discuss the use of various therapies to alleviate heat stress-induced reproductive harm by modulating distinct signaling pathways.