• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 1993

$M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ and Infrared absorption spectra of the iron-bearing tourmaline minerals show that the ferrous and ferric ions occupy the Y and Z octahedral sites. The Fe ions are almost ferrous, predominantly partitioning into Y site and partly take in Z site. The $Fe^{2+}$ content of the Z sites in brownish black tourmaline minerals are higher than that in blue/green tourmaline minerals. Therefore, 720 nm peak of brownish black samples is broader than that of blue/green samples in optical spectra. All of the blue/green tourmaline minerals used in experiment have only $Fe^{2+}$ ion. The IR spectra of tourmaline depend on the cation environments around OH groups, as also evidenced by their chemical analyses. There appear no difference in IR spectrum between O(1)H and O(3)H binding characters in the heat-treated samples. But the characteristic $3565cm^{-1}$ peak appears in the ferrous hydroxyl bearing silicates, where dehydroxylation temperature for OH coordinated to $Fe^{2+}$ is $700{\sim}800^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.379-397
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• 2020

In this study, Long-term change of water quality in Donrae Hot Spring was characterized using water quality data from 1922 to 2019. According to Mann-Kendall analysis and Sen's slope using long-term water quality data of Dongnae Hot Spring from 1922 to 2019, temperature, Ca, SiO₂, and HCO₃ show an increasing trend whereas EC, Na, K, Mg, Cl, and SO₄ show a decreasing trend or negligible trend. In addition, the water type of Dongnae Hot Spring stably belongs to Na-Cl type over time. The spatial distributions of water temperature and chemical constituents in 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2019 show variable patterns with showing some difference depending on sampling locations in different years. These results indicate that despite the long-term pumping of the hot spring water, the water quality is quite stable during the entire study period.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.287-295
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• 2008

Rock slope has a variety of irregular discontinuities and represents a discontinuous mass. Rock joint plays an important role of control hydraulic and mechanic movements in the rock mass. These characteristics between hydraulic and mechanic movements at the rock joints could be represent difference. Therefore they are quiet important factor for slope design. In this study the weathered rock slopes were carried out to analysis of slope stability and geophysical survey. The electrical resistivity survey with dipole-dipole array conducted five profiling sites, and SWEDGE and SLIDE for slope stability analysis were applied on 20 rock slopes far assessment of slope stability and understand to geological situations due to the weathering.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.345-355
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• 1996

The effectiveness of various electrode configurations in horizontal mappings and 1-D inversions of vertical sounding data for delineating 2-D structures was studied. Apparent resistivity values of three point, dipole-dipole, Wenner, and Schlumberger mappings were simulated for such structures as vertical dyke, tabular prism, buried vertical fault, ramp and complex structure by finite difference method (FDM) and they were compared with each other. Also 2-D cross sections for three structures obtained by interpolation of 1-D inverted sounding data in terms of three layers were compared for Schlumberger and Wenner arrays. On these cross sections, horizontal and vertical resistivity interfaces of the 2-D structures are revealed relatively clearly. Apparent resistivity curves of Schlumberger mapping show vertical resistivity discontinuities very well. On the whole, Schlumberger array is superior to the other arrays in electric sounding as well as mapping. This study clearly indicates that interpretations of 2-D structures based on 1-D inversion are possible.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.881-898
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of semantic network about sedimentary environment between science gifted students and non-gifted students through field trip. The fifteen high school science gifted students and non-gifted students were participated in the field trip for this study. The geological field trip was performed in Chaseokgang, which suitable learning place for sedimentary environments. Data included field trip observation and students' inquiry activity reports. The inquiry activity reports were analyzed using the semantic network analysis method. The results of this study were as follows: First, the semantic network of science gifted students was larger and complex structures than that of the non-gifted students. Second, science gifted students were interpreted that changes of sedimentary environment was connected with the sorting and the roundness. On the other hand, semantic network of non-gifted students were become fragmented because they were not interpreted sedimentary environment related to scientific concepts.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-131
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• 2014

This study analyzed the spectral reflectance characteristics of kaolinite and ASTER(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer) image to extract the distribution of kaolin mines in Hadong area, Gyeongsangnam-do. The band ratio model was applied to extract kaolinite using difference of wavelength absorption band distinct feature of minerals from ASTER image which is the major mineral of kaolin mines. According to the spectral reflectance curve of kaolinite, it showed the absorption features around 0.96 and $2.18{\mu}m$ by Al-OH. Also, it affected 1.24 and $1.38{\sim}1.41{\mu}m$ by OH. Applying for new band ratio model from the spectral features of kaolinite to ASTER image, it is possible to make the distribution map of mining traces including present- developing kaolin mines.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.460-468
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• 2021

A TBM is an equipment that excavates a tunnel with a full face by rotating a circular cutter head and its advantages are fast excavation rate and safe construction. A TBM, which is primarily used for tunnel excavation on civil construction sites, is easily adaptable to information and communication technology. Research related to unmanned and automated technology is being actively pursued. TBM applications for mining and energy resource development in other countries were investigated in this study. The difference of TBM applications between the mining and energy resource development and civil construction sites was examined. Technical factors such as geological conditions, depth, site access, TBM launching, alignment and inclination, TBM size, and others that should be considered when choosing a TBM were investigated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of TBM application in mines and the technical requirements for TBM for successful mine application are summarized.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.43-52
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• 1986

Kaolin-pyrophyllite are locally abundant in the three hydrothermal areas at Yangsan-Tongnae area, Hadong-Sancheong area and Haenam area, deposits are originally composed of acidic volcanic rocks and anorthositic rocks in Hadong-Sancheong area. The clay deposits are formed in the near shallow depths environment through acid hydrothermal alteration. Hadong-Sancheong halloysite deposits are formed by alteration of anorthosite. These differences are mainly on the various country rocks, geological structure and properties of hydrothermal solutions. Country rock is mostly underlain by rhyolitic tuffaceous and anorthositic rocks and a large number of clay deposits were formed during volcanic activity through upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary. Intrusive rocks is broadly distributed in this area and clay deposits are variable in shapelayer and funnel typed. Zonal pattern of mineral assemblage is as follows, Yangsan-Tongnae deposits-kaolinite, pyrophyllite, dumortierite, andalusite and sericite, Hadong-Sancheong-mostly halloysite, and Haenam-dickite, pyrophyllite, alunite and diaspore. The difference in the zonal pattern of altered rock is considered to depend on differences in the initial acidity of related hydrothermal solution, initial acidity was controlled by the oxygen fugacity.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1998

In this study, two dimensional and three dimensional numerical analysis were performed with a finite difference code for the safe maintenance of the spillway slope of the Boryeong dam. Results of the geological survey and the stereographic projection analysis on the discontinuities were used as input data for the numerical analysis. As a result, several suggestions were given such as the reinforcement of the local tension zone, the decrease in the angle of the slope, the drawdown of the pore pressure in the slope and the removal of the upper benches. A systematic and long-term monitoring system was also suggested.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 1995

The kriging model, one of the geostatistical models, has been used to evaluate the deep-sea manganese nodule deposits until now. The distribution of the manganese nodule deposits estimated by the model shows the smooth surface as well as much difference from the actual distribution. Subsequently, it estimates the deposit distribution roughly in terms of the limited data of surveyed zone. Therefore, this paper presents the interpretation methodology of the deep-sea manganese nodule deposit distribution by using the fractal model to overcome the problems caused by the geostatistical model. Also, the manganese nodule distributions are interpreted by using the manganese nodule data sampled in the GH82-4 zone, west longitude $165^{\circ}40^{\prime}-169^{\circ}00^{\prime}$, and south latitude $0^{\circ}00^{\prime}-2^{\circ}40^{\prime}$ neighboring Nova-Canton Trough in the Pacific Ocean which was surveyed by the Geological Survey of Japan in 1982.