• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.540-552
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• 2011

Freight travel pattern has been less studied comparing with the field of passenger travel. Nonetheless, the importance of the freight travel has been increasing in urban travel sector, and the research needs on the freight travel demand hence is increasing. The current paper aims to identify, by tons of freight trucks and cargos, the characteristics of mean travel pattern, efficiency or performance, and the characteristics of freight trip chain regarding destination location, destination type and freight type. The study analyzed the nation-wide data of freight travel behavior survey. This study intended to set the starting framework of decision-making principle in freight travel, which has already been popular in passenger travel study. Findings suggest that those characteristics are clearly distinguished among trucks and cargos of different sizes of tons. The results are expected to provide important insight to the development of relevant transportation policy measures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1959-1964
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the distribution of liver cancer mortality as well as its developing trend from 1991 to 2012, forecast the future five-year trend, and provide a basis for the comprehensive prevention and management. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for liver cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe characteristics and distribution of liver cancer mortality. Trend surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of liver cancer mortality. Curve estimation, time series modeling, gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were used to predict and forecast future trends. Results: The mortality rate of liver cancer has constantly increased in China since 1991. Rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas, and in males are higher than in females. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the next 5 years. The age-specific mortality of liver cancer increases with age and peaks in the group of 80-84 years old. Geographical analysis showed the liver mortality rate was higher in the southeast provinces, such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong, and southwest regions like Guangxi Province. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of liver cancer in China has consistently increased from 1991 to 2012, and the upward trend is predicted to continue in the future. Much better prevention and management of liver cancer is needed in high mortality areas (the southwestern and southeastern parts of China) and high mortality age groups (80- to 84-year-olds), especially in rural areas.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 1995

This study attempts to examine the location and district of elementary schools at Chongro-gu. For the convenience of the analysis, the data are analysed with the methods of GIS network model. For the purpose data was collected from Statistical Yearbook of Education in 1994 and Census of Housing and Population in 1990. Results may be summarized as follows. First of all, spatial pattern of elementary school at Chongro-gu shows outward diffusion because of problems, rising of land value, and out-migration of population in the area. Secondly, for the analysis of locational situation this paper uses the data such as population of 5-9 age, the number of housing, accessibility, and land value. The location of elementary school is ciassified into 4 types; the best area, better area, worse area, the worst area. The best area is Pyongchana-dong, Buam-dong, and Ewha-dong and the worst area is Chongro 1ga-dona, Chonaro 2ga-dong and Sechongno-dong. Thirdly, the alternative plans of school district are presented for the maximum equity and efficience, and security of school attendantes. The former emphasizes the minimization of commuting distance, the later emphasizes the minimization of the an comfortable facilities such as main streets in school district. Present school district which is based upon administrative dong should be changed to roadbased school district.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.951-960
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• 2008

This paper examines how Tsushima has used the Arirang festival as a place marketing apparently targeting at Korean tourists, which has been historically achieved at the Arirang festival though public-private activities. Tsushima has tried to advertise Tsushima city to Korean tourists, with methods including the 'Chosen Agency Parade' and the title of the Arirang festival, but due to the Dokdo problem, the people of Tsushima objected to holding the Arirang festival. Therefore, Tsushima city had a meeting to solve it, and it was agreed that they need not stop the festival nor change of the title of the Arirang festival for the regional development, but instead they decided that the title of Arirang festival is to be used as a subtitle from 2007. By deciding this, The residents of Tsushima are sometimes against the opinion of Tsushima government, but they have eagerly participated in everything from the operation of the festival to the performances themselves. In this sense, it is thought that the Arirang festival is utilized as a local identity and also a place marketing, and the process for the regional development strategy is organized by public-private actors together.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.858-872
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• 2008

This study examined the meteorological disaster of Jeju Island in Chosun Dynasty based on historical documents, and analyzed how its government and Jeju Islanders responded to this. Recording cases of abnormal weather days of Jeju Island in Chosun Dynasty were most in 17th Century, and then in 18th Century, 16th Century, 15th Century, and 19th Century in order. For the type of meteorological disaster, storm damage was most serious, and then flood disaster, drought disaster, and snow damage were in order. For the region, Jejumok was mostly damaged from storm and flood, and Daejeonghyeon was mostly from drought. Once meteorological disaster occurred, it was a common thing that it continued with famine. The Chosun government relieved Jeju Islanders by moving the grains of mainland into Jeju Island, and for this, installed Galdujin warehouse, Naripo warehouse, and Jemin warehouse. Also, it tried to resolve chronic famine by moving Jeju people into mainland such as Pyeong'an-do. Corresponding to severe weather, the farmers of Jeju Island implemented agricultural methods such as Dapjeon, Baryeong, molding, and wind-breaking; and the seamen conducted unique arts of navigation such as Hwanjeon, and gravel shipment.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.556-564
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• 2013

The main purpose of this research is considering further marketing strategy to resolve unsold housing matters in private sectors through an analysis of preference factors for those housing customers. This study used one of the most widely-used research methods in marketing to figure out the preference factors for those customers and then it was categorized which factors are more or less important by conjoint analysis. According to the result, the home buyers for the unsold apartments were more paying attention some social and financial benefits for instance, a decline of housing price and a guarantee of housing securities rather than geographical conditions and residential environment before they make the decision to purchase a home. Secondly, they concerned some factors such as the most importance in location and geographical condition which were easy access to the transportation. Furthermore, a standard of eco-friendly apartment buildings was essential matter in residential environment. The third, those properties were on the stocks of unsold homes so they more tended to buy their houses with lower price than the terms and conditions of housing payment. Finally, it was explored that the most efficient way to promoting them through housing exhibitions or presentations as the PR strategy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6929-6934
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• 2014

Background: To analyze the mortality distribution of esophageal cancer in China from 1991 to 2012, to forecast the mortality in the future five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for esophageal cancer in China from 1991 to 2012 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences, sex and age differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were used to predict the mortality for the next five years in the future. Results: In China, the incidence rate of esophageal cancer from 2007 and the mortality rate of esophageal cancer from 2008 increased yearly, with males at $8.72/10^5$ being higher than females, and the countryside at $15.5/10^5$ being higher than in the city. The mortality rate increased from age 45. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from southern to eastern China, and from northeast to central China. Conclusions: The incidence rate and the standardized mortality rate of esophageal cancer are rising. The regional disease control for esophageal cancer should be focused on eastern, central and northern regions China, and the key targets for prevention and treatment are rural men more than 45 years old. The mortality of esophageal cancer will rise in the next five years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2785-2791
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• 2014

Aims: To analyze time-dependent changes in female breast cancer (BC) mortality in China, forecast the trend in the ensuing 5 years, and provide recommendations for prevention and management. Materials and Methods: Mortality data of breast cancer in China from 1991 to 2011 was used to describe characteristics and distribution, such as the changes of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences and age differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of mortality. In addition, curve estimation, time series modeling, Gray modeling (GM) and joinpoint regression were performed to estimate and predict future trends. Results: In China, the mortality rate of breast cancer has increased yearly since 1991. In addition, our data predicted that the trend will continue to increase in the ensuing 5 years. Rates in urban areas are higher than those in rural areas. Over the past decade, all peak ages for death by breast cancer have been delayed, with the first death peak occurring at 55 to 65 years of age in urban and rural areas. Geographical analysis indicated that mortality rates increased from Southwest to Northeast and from West to East. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of breast cancer in China is rising and the upward trend is predicted to continue for the next 5 years. Since this can cause an enormous health impact in China, much better prevention and management of breast cancer is needed. Consequently, disease control centers in China should place more focus on the northeastern, eastern and southeastern parts of China for breast cancer prevention and management, and the key population should be among women between ages 55 to 65, especially those in urban communities.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

The existing visualization methods using the satellite images or map images require complicated preprocessing stages and a large amount of visual data to represent the 3-D terrain. This paper presents a 3-D visualization method for geographical information, which enables automatic generation of 3-D terrain. It is generated based, on contour information obtained from a numerical map. This paper also introduces a method that resolves the three main problems needed to visualize 3-D terrain from contour lines such as correspondence, tiling, and branching. The virtual contour line is defined to extend a distorted contour line to have a similar shape to the corresponding contour line that is used, to generate 3-D surfaces. It helps that 3-D terrain is represented exactly and in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.197-215
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to show practices of teaching method based on the type of knowledge in geography education. The results of examining the type of knowledge according to the five themes in guidelines for geographic education in america are as follows: the empirical-analytic knowledge-centered contents are suited for designing concepts inquiry-centered teaching. The historical-hermeneutic knowledge-centered contents are suited for designing problem solving-centered teaching. The critical knowledge-centered contents are suited for designing decision-making-centered teaching. In this shsdy, 1 emphasized teaching method based on the type of knowledge in Ceographv Education according to the responses of students and academic achievement. However, in practice l propose that teachers construct their lesson plans according to their various spheres of interest.