• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.347-352
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• 2001

Midtown redevelopment project is intended for restoration of city's declining function and promoting the utilization of land, but several factors such as participants of different nature in the project, different expectation level from them, high land value accompanied by geographical location as a city and the demand for high density development, nature of business that requires long duration to complete and vast amount of fund contribute to complication of feasibility study. Due to these characteristics of midtown redevelopment project, consideration of various factors involved with it and reliable analysis are required but suggested complication of feasibility study is causing halt in project, preventing from launching it and delaying it. So, this study was undertaken to be a help to feasibility study of midtown redevelopment project by suggesting main elements that need to be dealt with analysing questionnaire survey result attained from related expert in this area and arranging total 45 factors essential to feasibility study for midtown redevelopment project that can be classified into 5 main category such as economic/financial factors, legal/institutional factors, market related factors, technical factors and conflict related factors through documental investigation, case study and interview with specialist concerned.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.137-153
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• 2004

We have analyzed the ingredients of 17 pieces of Bronze Age bronze ware, and an additional 22 pieces of Koryo and Chosun dynasty bronze ware. We have also conducted analysis of the extraction sites where these bronze ware items were found. For analyzing the main ingredient the bronze ware items have been divided into 3 groups - Cu-Sn(70?75:20), Cu-Pb-Sn(70:10:10), Cu-Pb-Sn(60:10:20) type respectively. In tile cases of the Cu-Pb-Sn groups the division comes down to differences in the Cu content as the main component, and elements such as Ni, Fe, Co contribute as a micro ingredient. The geographical and periodic characteristics of ancient bronze ware items show that theircompositional element changes from Cu:Sn to Cu:Pb:Sn and the Cu content decreases with the period,while the Pb content increases with the period. Bronze ware items from Suchon Ri, Gongju (that were used in 3 B.C.) form very different categories from 3rd ${\~}$ 2nd B.C.. They additionally formed very different categories from those bronze ware items analyzed in this research. These bronze ware itemsare shown to be geographically close and periodically overlapped, but made of a new elemental composition. This shows an inflow of a production technical culture present in the new bronze wares. The main component content of Cu is lower, and the Co and Fe contents (as microelements) are much higher than that of other bronze ware items. Such facts showthat those bronze ware items used completely different materials from bronze ware items in other cultural areas, or that there were differences in smelting techniques In the places where ancient bronze ware items have been extracted, it is presumed that the materials originated from the southern parts of Korea andnorthern parts and southern parts of China. .As more bronze ware scientific research is compiled one can conclude that that there will be enough scientific evidence to study the Bronze Age culture of Koreasystematically.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1845-1850
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• 2014

Railway operators have given a lot of efforts to determine the railway route of the minimum cost. In order to determine the optimal alignment, the alignment should be allocated satisfying the design criteria on various geographical condition with the minimum earth works. The determination of the optimal railway alignment is a kind of combination optimization because that must consider various design elements. This study developed a numerical model to determine the optimal railway alignment with the minimum construction cost. The problem was analyzed by the genetic algorithm, and the concept of the optimal alignment was established with the results from the analyses. The methodology was applied to a fictitious rail construction section and the result was evaluated. This methodology is meaningful considering the fact that the cost for energy is greater than that of the construction.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.408-420
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• 2006

The present study purposed to examine the possibility of developing historicity inherent in places into tourism resources from the view that the history and location of historical cities have the nature of cultural contents. Previous researches on tourism have been focused on tourist facilities, the development of tourist attractions, economic effects, cultural policies, etc. However, the present study makes a cultural approach to historical cities to explore the meaning of places formed through history and the historicity of places, assuming that the temporal and spatial characteristics of Hanseong-bu can be developed into tourism resources. Major places of Hanseong-bu are classified according to their functions and cultural meanings, and these factors are associated with the geographical structure of the area. By landform and cultural characteristics during the Chosun Dynasty, Hanseong-bu is divided into the central part, the boundary area, and the outskirts. In addition, different elements, which can be developed into tourism resources, are found according to the landscape of Hanseong-bu, the character as a dynastic city, the environs inside the wall, and differences among localities reflecting pre-modem lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 1985

A study on the image identification of urban streetscape is valuable for illuminating identity that is not yet fully approached in the field of environmental design. This analysis of urban streetscape for image identification allows us to make a more detailed exploration of an important approaching methods in dealing with the structural characteristics of identity. As a matter of fact, the earlier indirect studies on this image identification were made by environmental designers, such as architectural and urban designer in the field of environmental perception and came to its environmental cognition & environmental pattern research with assistances by such researchers as K. Lynch A. Rapoport & Christopher Alexander. Through its environmental perception research, we can see its structural characteristics that is aesthetic & visual structural contents of physical environmental elements. And we can see its cognitive characteristics through the environmental cognitive research, that is continuity, territoriality, identity of place, uniqueness or individuality, meaning & symbolism. Through its environmental pattern research, we can see its physical, socio - economic, cultural and symbolic pattern identification contents, that is physical form of the city, style of the street, pattern of streetscape, socio- economic & geographical locality, arid life cycle, life style, common style of the behavior, cultural pattern of the activity, socio - cultural expression of the symbol. In these process, we can set up a set of the environmental design criterias from those three integral studies for identity. And for an environmental research, Tongsung-Ro around the CBD (central business district) in Taegu City was selected for a case study, because this streetscape is suitable for that approaching methods in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.32-44
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• 2019

Based on the characteristics of cultural expressions, this paper compares and analyzes the cases of representative commercial architectural spaces of six largest cities in China.In order to promoting the sustainable development of the indoor space culture of modern commercial buildings in China.Six cases were analyzed from the viewpoints of cultural tradition, locality, popularity, technology, and ecology. The results are as follows. First, the tradition of culture requires the emphasis on the traditional elements of specific areas in the interior space of commercial architecture.Second, the regional character of culture is closely related to the social and natural environment factors such as the economic development of the interior space of commercial architecture, historical intrinsic space, geographical environmental conditions, and climate.Fourth, the technicality of culture is to integrate construction method, structure form, and material with local culture into commercial architecture interior space.Fifth, cultural ecology places attention to placing plants in the interior space of commercial architecture and creating a healthy, pleasant and safe environment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.21-35
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• 2007

In ad hoc networks, position-based routing schemes, that use geographical positions of nodes, have been proposed to efficiently route messages. In these routing schemes, the location service is one of the key elements that determines and effects security and efficiency of the protocol. In this paper, we define security threats of location service and propose a new quorum based location service protocol. In our proposed protocol, nodes register their public keys in other nodes during the initialization phase and these registered keys are used to verify locations of other nodes and the messages exchanged. In this paper, we prove that our protocol is robust against traditional attacks and new attacks that may occur due to the use of position-based routing. We also analyze the efficiency of our protocol using various simulations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.383-395
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• 2021

The diversity of urban landscapes is established by dynamic characteristics such as language, color, and their movement, which are the building environment, street patterns, and people. With the increase of foreign migrants in Korea, new guidelines are needed in terms of local community administration and land policy. Administrative, sociological, and geographical studies have been conducted on the steadily increasing number of foreign migrants since the 2000s, but it is difficult to establish for making safe and healthy communities through which different cultures and lifestyles of each country and ethnic group undergo some integration with the existing host society. There are limitations in identifying the lack of statistical data and the representation of a minority proportion of foreign residents. In order to analyze the core elements of the integrated strategy of the local community, the residential behavior and spatial characteristics of foreign migrants must first be identified.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 2022

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is being used in various research fields including environmental science, ecology, biogeochemistry, forensics, and archeology. In this paper, for the purpose of enhancing applications and utilizations stable isotope analysis techniques to aquaculture research, we would like to introduce the background knowledge necessary to utilize stable isotope analysis techniques. In particular, with a focus on the approach using natural abundance, the principle of fractionation (change in isotope ratio) that occurs in the process of the integration of elements into biological tissues and how stable isotope ratios are determined by fractionation. This paper is intended to suggest whether SIA is used as a valuable tool in the fields of ecology and environmental science. With the understanding of the field of stable isotopes through this paper, various applications of stable isotope ratios are expected in fisheries science and aquaculture research in the future.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.371-379
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• 2022

The environment in Kosovo is a topic of concern for the citizens and the state because of the temperatures that affect the health of the citizens and the climate around the world. Kosovo's climate is related to its geographical position. Stretching in the middle latitude, Kosovo's climate depends on the amount of heat coming from the Sun, the proximity of the Adriatic Sea, the Vardar valley, the openness to the north. In order to better understand the climatic features of Kosovo, one must know the elements of the climate such as: sunshine, temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, winds. The Meteorological Institute of Kosovo is responsible for measuring temperatures in Kosovo since 2014 and until now 12 meteorological stations have been operationalized with automatic measurement and real-time data transfer to the central system for data collection and archiving. The hydrometeorological institute lacks an application for measuring temperatures in all the countries of Kosovo. Software applications are generally built to suit the requirements of different governments and clients in order to enable easier management of the jobs they operate on. One of the forms of application development is the development of mobile applications based on android. The purpose of the work is to create a mobile application based on the Android operating system that aims to display information about the weather, this type of application is necessary and important for users who want to see the temperature in different places in Kosovo, but also the world. This type of application offers many options such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, humidity, and air pressure. The built application will have real and accurate data; this will be done by comparing the results with other similar applications. Such an application is necessary for everyone, especially for those people whose daily work is dependent on the weather or even for those who decide to spend their vacations, such as summer or winter. In this paper, comparisons are also made within android applications for tablets, televisions and smart watches.