• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.352-363
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• 1995

This study explores horizontal equity problems in the Seoul Subway System by using costs per passenger kilometer as a comparison index. In general, subway users in the central area, except Line 1, are subsidizing users in fringe areas. Spatial differentiation of user cross subsidies in the area is due mainly to interactions between factors such as vehicle kilometers traveled, number of passengers, and length of segments. In order to decrease levels of user cross subsidies among the users and so relieve honzontal equity problems associated with subway use, it is necessary to develop a user fare system in which portions of marginal costs of subway use can be distributed properly among users. However, two-stage fare structure of the subway system in the study area is based only on trip distance, and so marginal costs associated with subway use are not properly reflected in user fees. Therefore, horizontal equity of the system in the study area is affected because of inappropriate user fees.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.227-244
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of inter-firm linkages and innovation networks of firms which are located in Gyeonggi border regions. Through this analysis, this study aims at understanding the spatial characteristics of economic activities of firms in Gyeonggi border regions. More importantly, this study focuses on revealing how the spatial characteristics of economic activities of firms affect future growth potentials of firms and regional economic growth. The main findings of this study are as follows. According to the analysis of spatial material linkages, the firms in both footloose location and industrial complex are all proven to be strongly dependent on the Capital Region. Owing to the weak level of the local material linkages, the effects on regional economic growth are limited. But firms in industrial complex contribute more to regional economic growth. The analysis of spatial employment linkages shows that the local linkages are comparatively strong. But the differentiation of residences weaken the positive effects on regional economy. As a concluding remark, the harmony with local linkages and non-local linkages is required to promote future growth potentials of firms and regional economic growth.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.94-110
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• 2008

This study examines the unemployment and labor market demand dynamics as well as their implication for social exclusion in the metropolitan areas of Korea since the financial crisis of 1997. The unemployment research containing significant implication for social exclusion is a key area to be explored with the research of skill and income polarization due to structural economic transformation. Skill polarization usually results in the job loss for some people, which most likely leads to the economic deprivation and social exclusion. The unemployment rate and its regional disparity began to fall since 2000, but the disparity reversed to increase after 2005. The labor market dynamics of the metropolitan areas are turned out to be related with the size of the city and the relative shares of both manufacturing and service sectors. In addition, the employment growth is turned out to be related with the changes of both output and productivity. It is also found that the unemployment is affected with the job change and the tertiarization of the economy. However, it is of more significance to recognize that the dynamics and patterns of the labor market in the metropolitan areas are quite spatially differentiated and the differentiation is likely determined by the factors such as industrial structure, employment dynamics and job demand changes.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.218-232
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• 2013

One of the most interesting points in the era of globalization and transnationalism is the movement of people, namely migration. This research aims to explain the discourse of marginalization on Korean-Chinese by Korean merchants as the migrants expand their shops in the Chinese Food Culture Street. The Chinese Food Culture Street has been formed by Korean-Chinese restaurants and shops for the process of differentiation from the Garibong-Daelim area. Korean merchants in the street are not opposed to the influx of Korean-Chinese into Korea, however they do not want to the influx of them into the Jayang area. As the influx of Korean-Chinese into this street has increased, so the Korean merchants in the street have marginalized them as dangerous element for local security, as immoral beings cling to their business, and as the main reason for the regional underdevelopment. However, this marginalization of Korean-Chinese makes difficult to understand the real change of local area, because there has been some positive effects by the influx of them such as the improvement of surrounding environment and the elevation of local imagination. This research clearly suggest that the marginalization of migrants by major society is from the fixed idea and prejudice, and this research suggest the need to further study on the occupation and change of local by migrants.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.555-575
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• 2019

Though housing market varies spatially, housing policy is limited in reflecting detailed regional differentiation. This study looked at the differences in Seoul Gu Districts' response to housing policy for the efficient implementation of housing policies in the future. Housing policy index was established by each Gu-districts' according to investigated housing policies from 2003 to 2018, weighted in two categories(financial/urban planning) and the status of designated areas. The VECM model was established to analyze the impact of the housing policy on the housing market. According to the analysis, although housing policies were established in response to market prices change, the impact of policies on prices was lower than the impact of vice versa. The housing policy's impact to the housing market is limited in some areas in northeastern Seoul. These results show that there are differences in the responses to housing policy in Seoul districts', and therefore detailed consideration of the differences in the regional aspects of housing policy is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.667-690
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• 2016

This paper reviews the evolution process of global production network(GPN) discourse, from its origin to the recent theorization, namely GPN 2.0. In so doing, the discursive formation of global production networks is introduced in comparison with a competing discourse global commodity/value chains, with particular attention to conceptual and analytical lacunae in the latter. This article also outlines how the global production network perspective has become a useful discursive and practical tool that allows the examination of the nexus of global economy, transnational corporations, and regional development. Subsequently, a theoretical dearth in the approach is discussed in reference to key critiques, and in this context Yeung and Coe's recent theorization GPN 2.0, which is centered on casual mechanisms and network configurations is reviewed. This paper suggests that the theory adequately addresses the problem of casuality lacking in its precedented conceptual framework, and that it helps exploring the formation and evolution processes of varied production networks(including intrafirm coordination, interfirm control, strategic partnership, and extrafirm bargaining) in connection with competitive dynamics and risky environments. As a result of the theorization, the difference between GPN and the chain approaches has become more apparent, and the idea of extrafirm bargaining is particularly important in the differentiation. Extrafirm bargaining is seen to be a comprehensive networking form inclusive of such GPN 1.0 analytical concepts as value, embeddeness, and power, and research attentive to, and engaging with, the extrafirm networks is expected to help transcending the chain governance approaches' analytical excess of interfirm linkages and industry-centeredness.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.235-253
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• 2016

China has been developing a new auto industry growth plan since 2004. In line with this initiative, China actively adopted its policy favoring foreign companies' investment which had a competitive edge over their technologies and manufacturing methodologies. To meet this demand in policy and market change, many foreign auto companies and their parts' manufacturers including Korean auto companies joined this stream. Policy change favoring higher technologies applicable in China requested auto companies' swift adaptation to meet the policy requirements by higher technologies with innovation and introduction of those foreign technologies to China. The spatial (excellence) strategy was followed by the increase in its efficiency and competiveness of each region, which were materialized by or in the form of; Firstly, strategic partnership with China auto companies and encouragement of Korea auto parts manufacturing companies to set up its own factories in China. Secondly, modularization and platform sharing strategy by applying enhanced technologies. Thirdly, strategic utilization of China local government's incentive policies. As production management methodology, JIS was adopted all across the board to meet the on-demand market requirements in the manufacturing processes. Auto part manufacturers had been integrated regionally based on forward linkages and modules. As a result, regional-specific auto industry complexes have been made in the places such as Beijing-Hyundai in the north, Dongfeng-Yueda-Kia in the south, common auto parts at central area like Qingdao, and other parts and raw materials in the vicinity of Shanghai.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.597-612
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• 2009

This paper is an anthropological study on the regional revitalization movement by the traditional ceramic industry in Mashiko-cho, Japan. It especially deals with the issues like history of revitalization based on ceramics, idealogical features and roles of core activist group, and adaptive strategies of local society to the ever-changing circumstances. The ceramic industry of Mashiko-cho had developed vigorously in 19C, and had passed many critical points in 20C. In 1960s, the ceramic industry of Mashiko-cho developed stably through introducing of Mingei(民藝) ideology and artists. This is evaluated as a 'bottom-up' regional revitalization movement and a active utilization of traditional cultural resources. In Mashiko-cho, the ideological leadership of cultural artist groups have been central roles in the regional revitalization movement. The representative cases are transformation of production of ordinary ceramics to production of Mingei ceramics from the middle of 1950s, official organization of core activist group and establishment of direct sale system by the producers in the middle of 1960s, and full-scale cooperation of private sector and public sector from the beginning of 1980s. Nonetheless the regional revitalization movement by the traditional ceramic industry in Mashikocho have come out well up to now, it should make new tradition which is well-matched to the ever-changing circumstances as seeing various and complex differentiation on the inside of local society.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.313-329
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• 2021

This study analyzed the characteristics of the management crisis, the level of resilience, and the alternatives based on the companies' self-evaluation of the game industry in Daegu. The Daegu game industry, which started spontaneously in the late 1990s, grew rapidly until the late 2000s with the support of the government and supporting organizations. However, from the mid-2010s, it has entered a period of recession due to the number of companies that failed to respond to the saturation of the mobile game market and fierce competition at home and abroad. In response, some game companies turned the crisis into an opportunity to strengthen their competitiveness by pursuing challenging strategies for product differentiation and pioneering new markets. On the other hand, companies that were passive in responding to the crisis have not get out of the management crisis. In addition, in terms of the resilience level of game companies in Daegu, the level of immediate response to shock(rapidity) and replacement of the damaged part(redundancy) was low, but the level of mobilizing sufficient resources internally(resourcefulness) was high. However, as the Daegu game industry is facing more complex multi-spatial-scale environmental changes than in the past, its resilience should be strengthened through strategies that can compensate for weaknesses in terms of the game industry ecosystem beyond individual company-level efforts.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-255
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• 2023

In this study, we derived the characteristic factors of the cluster as measurable variables, and attempted to clarify the characteristics of the apparel sewing areas in Changsin-dong, Doksan-dong, and Jangwi-dong. Based on these results, a comparative analysis was conducted to see how the demand for the government's support policy differs for each agglomeration area. Materials were collected through face-to-face questionnaires targeting tenant companies in the three regions. As a result of the analysis, Changsin-dong was identified as an "innovative growth type," Doksan-dong as a "networking type," and Jangwi-dong as a "specialized localization type." As a result of the research on policy demands, the policy demands of the three agglomerations appeared different, but Changsin-dong preferred capacity building, Doksan-dong preferred information provision, and Jangwi-dong favored policy means of benefit. It was confirmed that even among clusters of the same apparel sewing industry, the formation process and characteristics are different, and as a result, the demand for policy instruments is also different. Policy recommendations include understanding the characteristics and policy demands of each agglomeration area through periodic fact-finding surveys, and recommending the establishment and implementation of differentiated support policies that match the characteristics of each agglomeration area.