• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to describe perimenstrual symptom severity levels and perimenstrual distress patterns of women. The study performed the discriminant analysis in which included seven factors : age, pariety, social support, menstrual socialization(mother's symptom, sister's symptom, and menstrual effect), attitude of sex role and depression. The subjects were 283 women that they were not pregnant or lactating, had at least one period in past three months, would understand the purpose of study and willingly accepted the participation. The data analysis was done by pc-SAS program after data collection from Nov. 20, 1997 to Dec. 18, 1997. The descriptive analysis was done to explore general characteristics of the subjects and the stepwise discriminant analysis was done to verify factors in relation to perimenstrual symptom severity levels(severe vs mild menstrual symptom group) and perimenstrual distress patterns(spasmodic vs congestive menstrual symptom group). The instruments were selected for this study from Interpersonal Support Evaluation List(ISEL) by Cohen and Hoberman(1983), Center for Epidemic Studies Depression(CES-D) by Radloff(1977), and Sex Role Attitude Scale by Yunok Suh(1995), Mother's symptom and sister's symptom measurements by Woods, Mitchell & Lentz(1995), and menstrual effect by Brooks-Gun & Ruble(1980). The major findings of this study are as follows : 1. Of the 283 women, 93 women(32.9%) were assessed to severe perimenstrual symptom group and 190 women(67.1%) were assessed to mild perimenstrual symptom group. Results from the stepwise discriminant analysis showed three factors, such as depression, menstrual effect, and age, significantly related to perimenstrual symptom severity and they explained 20% of the total variance. The linear discriminant equation included three factors related to perimenstrual symptom groups was showed(Z=1.445 depression+0.174 menstrual effect-0.054 age). The cutting score(Z) was 2.809. We classified the severe perimenstrual symptom group by more than the cutting score 2.809 and the mild perimenstrual symptom by less or equal than the cutting score 2.809. The correctedness of posterior probability from discriminant equation was 72% as two perimenstrual symptom group classifications. 2. Of the 264 women, 139 women(52.7%) were assessed to spasmodic perimenstrual distress group and women(47.3%) were assessed to congestive perimenstrual distress group. Results from the stepwise discriminant analysis showed two factors, such as depression, age, significantly related to perimenstrual distress groups and they explained 8% of the total variance. The linear discriminant equation included two factors related to perimenstrual distress group was showed(Z=-0.084 age-0.776 depression). The cutting score(Z) was -3.759. We classified the spasmodic perimenstrual distress group by more than cutting score -3.759 and the congestive perimenstrual distress group by less or equal than cutting score -3.759. The correctedness of posterior probability from discriminant equation was 65% as two perimenstrual distress group classifications.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.172-180
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• 2000

Objectives : We investigated the characteristics of perceived stress response and relationship between some variables of gastrointestinal symptoms(esp., dyspepsia) and subscales of perceived stress response inventory(PSRI) in patients with upper gastointestinal disorder when they perceived stress. Methods : 84 patients with upper gastrointestinal disorder(gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer etc.) and 94 normal controls completed the PSRI developed by Korean psychiatrists. The patient group performed the questionnaire including some variables of gastrointestinal symptoms. Results : Internal consistency was statistically significant in all subscales of PSRI. The patient group was significantly higher at total score of PSRI, general somatic symptom subscale score, specific somatic symptom score than control group. As the result of stepwise regression analysis for relationship between some variables of gastrointestinal symptoms ans subscales of PSRI, specific somatic symptom subsclae closely related with illness duration, past illness history and severity of symptom, and the lowered cognitive function & general negative thinking subscale related with the existence of emotional distress. Conclusion : Patients with upper gastrointestinal disorder showed stronger perceived stress response than control group and they experiences somatic symptoms related to autonomic nervous system and/or gastrointestinal symtoms rather than emotional, cognitive, behavioral symtoms when they perceived stress. They also responded to stress as they expeirenced specific somatic symtom when they had long illness duration, past illness history, and high severity of symptom and the existence of emotional distress could develop lowered congnitive function and general negative thinking.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the general characteristics of health-related majors to their life expectancy scale, depression scale, health perception scale, subjective wellbeing scale, somatic symptom scale and college life stress scale. And it's also meant to analyze influential factors for their stress about college life. Methods: The subjects in this study were the students who were in the department of dental laboratory technology and the department of dental hygiene at a college located in the region of Iksan, North Jeolla Province. Data were gathered in November and December, 2012. The life expectancy scale, depression scale, health perception scale, subjective wellbeing scale, physical symptom scale, somatic symptom scale and college life stress scale of the general characteristics were analyzed by t-test and one way analyses of variance (ANOVA) and the Duncan's multiple range test at the 95% confidence level to assess the statistical significance. And stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine what factors would affect the stress of the students about college life. The data were analyzed with the windows ver. 12.0(SPSS GmbH, Germany) statistical software program. Results: Among the general characteristics, there were significant differences according to gender and age in all the variables that were life expectancy scale, depression scale, health perception scale, subjective wellbeing scale, physical symptom scale and college life stress scale. 61.3% of the students responded they slept for six hours or less, and the respondents who slept for six hours or less scored significantly statistically lower in health perception scale, subjective wellbeing scale and physical symptom scale. As for college life stress, the respondents who got depressed more often, whose subjective peace or happiness was lower, whose life expectancy was lower, who had worse physical symptoms, whose living standard was lower and whose academic year was lower were under heavier stress about their college lives. Conclusion: As the worse physical health and worse mental health(life expectancy, depression, health perception, subjective wellbeing and physical symptoms, etc.) of the college students led to heavier stress about college life, how to promote their physical health and mental health should discreetly be considered, and every necessary measure should be taken to improve their physical and mental health.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of QoL of the terminal cancer patients at home and to identify any influencing factors on QoL. Method: Subjects of this study consisted of 72 terminal cancer patients who were receiving home care nursing for more than 2 weeks in 6 general hospitals. Data were collected by a self-reporting questionnaire on QoL, pain, physical functioning, and symptom experience from Feb, 2006 to Dec, 2006. Data were analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS Win 14.0. Results: Mean score of QoL was 98.6(230 in total). Except the level of family coping, general characteristics and disease related variables did not show significant difference in QoL. QoL was higher in the family with better coping, and QoL showed negative correlation with three types of pain, physical functioning, and symptom experiences. Least pain, physical functioning, and level of family coping explained QoL up to 26.7%. Conclusion: The QoL was closely related with pain, physical functioning, symptom experience, and family coping. And the least pain, physical functioning and level of family coping were important factors influencing on QoL of terminal cancer patients. However, some other variables influencing the QoL need to be investigated in the future.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

Purpose: The research was performed to provide basic information and bring importance to people's attention based upon seizing relation between employees's life patterns and health conditions in their daily lives. Method: This study was done from October 9th, 2006 to 27th and targeted on people who work more than 1 year in Seoul and Kyung-gi area including 700 people; 350 of males, 350 of females. In the experiment, there are 8 measurable variables which are weight, smoking, drinking, exercise, sleeping, having breakfast, regular time for meal and having snack. The survey questionnaire used THI. The collected data was analyzed using t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Multiple regression with SPSS/PC. Results: 1) It showed different data based on general traits such as gender, age, marriage, job and working time. 2) It also displayed different data in physical, mental and total health conditions depending on general traits. 3) The rate of symptom appeal was noticeably low as the body condition is in a good shape. 4) It exhibited that the variables for the rate of symptom appeal was negatively related to both male and female. 5) The variables affected to health conditions were age, exercise, having snack, sleeping, time for meal and smoking for male and weight, sleeping and time for meal for female. Conclusion: It is shown that if a person has a good life patterns in his/her daily life, he/she has a low rate of symptom appeal, which means he/she has better both physical and mental conditions.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.202-205
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• 2016

Background: Packing after closed reduction of nasal fracture causes uncomfortable nasal obstruction in patients. We packed the superior meatus with synthetic polyurethane foam (SPF) to support the nasal bone, and packed the middle nasal meatus with a nasal airway splint (NAS) and SPF. The aim of this article is prospectively to compare the subjective patient discomfort of SPF (Nasopore Forte plus) packing alone and SPF with NAS. Methods: We compared the prospectively subjective patient discomfort of SPF packing alone (group A) and SPF with NAS (group B) via visual analog scale (VAS; 0, no symptom; 100, most severe symptom). Results: At first postoperative day group B showed significant lower scores in dry mouth, sleep disturbance, conversation difficulty. However at third postoperative day, VAS scores of each group had no statistically significant differences. Moreover at fifth postoperative day group A had statistically significant lower scores for nasal pain, dry mouth than the group B. Conclusion: Combination method of using NAS and SPF have some advantage on the patient comfort from first postoperative day to third postoperative day.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.219-222
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• 2009

Various somatic symptoms are known to be related to stress in a general population. Korean red ginseng has been used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of many diseases in Oriental medicine. There exist no data, however, on the effect of Korean red ginseng on somatic symptoms in a general population. In this study, 21 normal subjects were randomly assigned to the Korean-red-ginseng group, and 18 subjects to the placebo group. The subjects took 3 g Korean red ginseng or placebo every day for three weeks. After the three-week treatment, there was a interaction effect of a greater reduction in the Symptom checklist-90-revised (SCL-90-R) somatization score (p=0.04) in the Korean-red-ginseng group. This study suggests that Korean red ginseng is effective for the management of somatic symptoms in a general population.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.313-322
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify over time the changes of cancer symptom, depression and quality of life (QOL) among people who had stomach or colorectal cancer. Methods: Of the 74 participants recruited, 67 participated in the study. Participants were asked to complete three instruments at three different time. The instruments were the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Gastrointestinal Cancer Module, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. The questionnaires were administered before chemotherapy, toward the end of chemotherapy, and six months after the completion of adjuvant therapy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: At the immediately after chemotherapy point, the most frequent symptom was lack of appetite, followed by fatigue and problem with remembering things. The mean score for depression was 8.27 with a prevalence of 31.3%. The mean score for quality of life was 61.88 out of 135. Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant increase in cancer symptom (F=23.22, p<.001) and depression (F=35.29, p<.001) after chemotherapy. However, improvement was observed 6 months after the completion of chemotherapy. QOL (F=33.73, p<.001) also showed similar patterns as observed with cancer symptom and depression. Cancer symptom was the strongest predictor of QoL at pre-chemotherapy point. but depression was the strongest predictor at immediately after chemotherapy point. Conclusion: Chemotherapy is highly associated with cancer symptom, depression and QOL in patients with cancer. The nursing intervention is needed to relieve depression as well as cancer symptoms to improve QOL in patients undergoing chemotherapy from baseline to follow-up.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.72-86
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to find out the menopausal symptom of middle-aged women and their self-care on it. This study also intended to awaken the relationship of the menopausal symptom and self-care and to provide basic data on the health education of middle-aged women. For this purpose, the study (1) identified respondents background variables, (2) found menopausal symptom and the state of self-care, (3) analyzed relationship between general character, menopausal symptom, and self-care, (4) analyzed the relationship of menopausal symptom and self-care for 543 random sampled women in City of Incheon. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions on the menopausal symptom interview by Neugarton translated by Jung Hae Ran(1985) and questions of the self-care inventory by Orem reconstructed by Sung Moon Hee(1988). The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, t-test, X²-test, pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS statistical package. The results of this study could be summed up as follows ; 1. The Degree of menopausal symptom were graded from 25 to 75. (x 40.85, s. d. 8. 6.) 2. The test of relationship between the individual background and the menopausal symptom revealed that there seemed to be statistically significant correlation between the sexual life, life-content, the level of education, menstruation(p<0.000). 3. In the test of relationship between the individual background and the self-care process, (1) in case of insight of symptom, there seemed to be statistically significant correlation between the self-content(r=0.1463), sexual life(r= -0.1376), menstruation(r=0.1561), and artificial abortion(r=0.1577), (p<0.001), (2) In case of self-health control, there seemed to be statistical correlation between the states of menstruation and the number of induced abortion. (3) In case of self-health decision, there seemed to be statistically significant correlation between the number of visiting hospitals or clinics and the level of education(r=0.106), the self-content(r=0.1235), induced abortion(r=0.1343) (p<0.0000). And also individual background can show the 40.21 percent of self-health maintenance. 4. The relationship between menopausal symptom and self-care has a significant meaning to the insight of symptom, self-health decision according to the groups of menopausal symptom(p<0.000), but it doesn't have any meaning to self-health control. And self-health maintenance can manifest the 19.88 percent of menopausal symptom.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2014

Objectives : Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is often comorbid with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other psychiatric illnesses. When associated with other mental problems, the prognosis of the AUD can be more serious. This study shows research on the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics according to whether or not ADHD symptoms and AUD were comorbid. Methods : A total of 64 adult inpatients who completed AUD scales about adult ADHD, alcohol dependence, depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness. They also completed neuropsychological tests about attention and executive function. According to the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale score, patients were categorized into two groups (ADHD symptom positive/negative group). Results : Fourteen among the 64 subjects were part of the ADHD symptom positive group (21.9%). They had statistically significant shorter abstinence periods and a higher rate of history of 'rule violation during school' and 'physical damage in childhood' compared to the ADHD symptom negative group. Conclusion : The comorbidity rate with ADHD symptom in adult AUD is higher than the general population. The ADHD symptom positive group suffered from more severe and refractory AUD. Considering the more frequent history of rule violation during school in the ADHD symptom positive group, the association between ADHD and AUD may be mediated by conduct disorder. Therefore we suggest the necessity of careful evaluation and intervention in children and adolescents with ADHD and conduct disorder.