• Title/Summary/Keyword: gender traits

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Personality and Individual Media Dependency Goals (성격유형에 따른 미디어 의존관계에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Jae-Woong
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.25
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    • pp.203-225
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated hypothesized relationships between three personality traits, as defined by PEN model (Psychoticism, Extraversion and Neuroticism), and individual media dependency. The basic idea of the study was that individuals' goals are related to active media use, and the goals will be different based on differences in individuals' personality types. In addition, this study attempted to find whether there are gender difference in constructing media dependency relations with the media. The study was conducted online and the total number of participants was 337 (158 male and 179 female). Correlation analyses indicated no relationship between the extraversion and any of the IMD media use categories. Lower levels of psychoticism were related to a greater likelihood of utilizing the media in an effort to obtain self understanding and having fun more than higher levels of psychoticism. Individuals with higher levels of neuroticism were significantly more likely to depend on the media for achieving self understanding than those with lower levels of neuroticism. When the variable of participant gender was controlled for, there were different patterns of the relationships between personality types and IMD goals. This study showed that to varying degrees certain personality types are related to the goals individuals seek to fulfill with the media use. The implications of the study were discussed.

Relationship between Status Type of Sociometric Measurement and Korean Personality Test for Children (사회성측정 지위 유형과 한국 아동 성격검사와의 관계)

  • Lee, Meung-Sook;Ahn, Ie-Hwan;Hong, Sang-Hwang
    • The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.391-405
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to discover unique personality traits which the children of 5 social status types using 10 clinical scales of Korea Children's personality test (KCPI-S) in order to define the characteristics of 5 social status types developed as the Korean type. For this purpose, two hypotheses were set and tested. The subjects of this study were 502 children who were 4, 5th and 6th grade elementary school boys and girls in A city. 5 social status types and gender of children were set as the independent variables each, and 10 clinical scales of Korea Children's personality test as the dependent variables. The research hypotheses were analyzed in turn by the multivariate analysis (MANOVA) and t-test. The results are as follows: First, the results of analyzing differences in 10 clinical scales in accordance with 5 social status types how the significant differences in all 9 clinical scales except for language development scale, and ${\eta}^2$ representing the explanatory power of the independent variables to dependent variables was found to be in the range of the lowest at 2% up to 10% for each scale. Second, the results of analysis of the gender difference show that in the case of the children with controversial and neglected children, the significant difference was appeared between boys and girls in 8-9 scales among the 10 clinical scales, but in the case of rest 3 social status types (average, popular, rejected children) the difference was appeared between boys and girls only in 2-3 scales. Depending on these results it seems that each of 5 social status types of the children has its own unique personality structure. It is necessary to attend to the fact that in the case of the children with controversial and neglected children, the average value of boys are significantly higher than that of the girls. There is a big possibility that the boys have more psychological problems that the girls. It is judged that in case of these two types the personal traits applying gender should be interpreted. Therefore, the follow-up study should conduct the exploratory research on the structure of the relationship between children's language development and sociality measure. Further, it is necessary to conduct the psychological comparison between genders in the children with controversial and neglected children, and to study the structure of their relationship with rest social status types by genders.

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Effects of vertebral number variations on carcass traits and genotyping of Vertnin candidate gene in Kazakh sheep

  • Zhang, Zhifeng;Sun, Yawei;Du, Wei;He, Sangang;Liu, Mingjun;Tian, Changyan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.30 no.9
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    • pp.1234-1238
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    • 2017
  • Objective: The vertebral number is associated with body length and carcass traits, which represents an economically important trait in farm animals. The variation of vertebral number has been observed in a few mammalian species. However, the variation of vertebral number and quantitative trait loci in sheep breeds have not been well addressed. Methods: In our investigation, the information including gender, age, carcass weight, carcass length and the number of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae from 624 China Kazakh sheep was collected. The effect of vertebral number variation on carcass weight and carcass length was estimated by general linear model. Further, the polymorphic sites of Vertnin (VRTN) gene were identified by sequencing, and the association of the genotype and vertebral number variation was analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance model. Results: The variation of thoracolumbar vertebrae number in Kazakh sheep (18 to 20) was smaller than that in Texel sheep (17 to 21). The individuals with 19 thoracolumbar vertebrae (T13L6) were dominant in Kazakh sheep (79.2%). The association study showed that the numbers of thoracolumbar vertebrae were positively correlated with the carcass length and carcass weight, statistically significant with carcass length. To investigate the association of thoracolumbar vertebrae number with VRTN gene, we genotyped the VRTN gene. A total of 9 polymorphic sites were detected and only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs426367238) was suggested to associate with thoracic vertebral number statistically. Conclusion: The variation of thoracolumbar vertebrae number positively associated with the carcass length and carcass weight, especially with the carcass length. VRTN gene polymorphism of the SNP (rs426367238) with significant effect on thoracic vertebral number could be as a candidate marker to further evaluate its role in influence of thoracolumbar vertebral number.

Health Promotion Behavior and Related Factors of College Students (전문대학생들의 건강증진행위에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Shim, Gyu-Beom
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2007
  • Background & Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of health behavior and taking courses related with those subjects by college students and analyse the factors that have effect on these issues so that provide a basic material in developing policy and education program that can increase the level of health behavior for them. Methods: A questionnaire was applied 1,500 college students for two months from October 10 to 30, 2007. Results: 1) When viewing the objects of this study as general traits and social economic ratio, 'female' was 59.4%, BMI index of '20-14' was 52.7%, department of natural science was 47/7%, and 'their own house' was 51.0%. 2) When viewing the experience of taking courses related with health by the trait of demography and sociology, 'no' was most high by showing 42.2%, and those of female. under 19 in BMI index, and the department of natural science showed no experience. 3) When viewing satisfaction with college life they showed $3.00{\pm}0.71$, stress level in college life $2.84{\pm}0.41$, the level of health behavior $2.06{\pm}0.65$. 4) When viewing taking courses related with health, stress in college life. and health behavior according to satisfaction with college life they showed $2.06{\pm}0.59$. 5) When viewing the level of health behavior according to demographic and sociological traits, the habit of eating was $2.48{\pm}0.52$ and health care was $2.96{\pm}0.47$. 6) When viewing the effect of factors on health behavior, there were gender, age, residence area, grade, and satisfaction with college life. Conclusion: As we can see from the results above, it is the fact that the students in college are neglecting the subjects related with health owing to short period of education and major based education by the education aim of fostering professional career manpower. Therefore it needs open many culture courses for the subject related with health in college for the students to increase their health level as well as their major, and also there needs combined improvement of college and government system.

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Study on Injury Risk Factors of the Elderly for Safety·Security Design (안전·안심디자인을 위한 고령자의 손상 위험요인에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Mi-Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.105-112
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    • 2017
  • This study recognizes it as a social problem that can be prevented by basic research on safety security design for the elderly, and aims to clearly analyze risk factors for injury. For this study, raw data from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were employed and analyzed. Their social characteristics were classified with standards including gender, education, EuroQoL(human locomotion, normal activity and pain uncomfortableness), the quality of life(PHQ-(1)(2)(4)), recognition on stress, activity restriction status and associated causes(bone fracture and joint injury). Their epidemiological traits were chronic diseases, 'diabetes and hip-joint pain', and health-behavioral traits were 'smoking, breakfast frequency and high-level physical activity status.' In conclusion, it can be found that damage risk of elderly rose in case of female, lower education, inconvenience or limitation, pain or discomfort in locomotion and daily activities, higher recognition of stress, lower interest in work, feeling of depression, despair, and weariness, restriction in activity caused by bone fracture and joint injury, having diabetes and hip-joint pain, smoking, low frequency in having breakfast and high-level physical activities. Based on this study, we envision that an effective solution for injury risk factors caused by the organic relation can be reached in the near future.

Inquiry on Post Surgery Induced Consumption in HyungSang Medicine View (우울증(憂鬱症)에 대한 형상의학적 고찰)

  • Kim, Jong-Won;Jj, Gyu-Yong;Kim, Kyung-Chul;Lee, In-Sun;Eun, Jong-Won;Kim, Kyu-Kon;Lee, Yong-Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1035-1046
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    • 2008
  • I looked into hypochondria, an increasing social problem, in psychological and Korean medical aspects and these conclusions were made through 16 clinical cases based on HyungSang medicine. Hypochondria is a disorder that is caused when feeble minded person could not fight the reality. It is caused by deficiency and stagnation of Ki which connects body and mind. In Korean medical view point mind and body is the same. Particularly, in HyungSang medicine believes that everyone's way of life and how to deal with situation differs according to the characteristics and traits. HyungSang medical treatment in hypochondria Mind and body is in line with each other, so manifestation of mental activity is caused by deficiency of combining action of vital Ki. Medication that helps combining force of vital Ki is needed. As the way people handle situation is different, according to characteristics and trait it is valid to differ counselling and treatment according to the criteria. Looking at 16 case studies of hypochondria patients, in gender wise, woman with astriction quality and engaging in much mental activities are more vulnerable. In view of vital substances, more cases were found in Jung type and Ki type. In animal type, bird and reptile type were, and in six meridian type, Tae yang, Yang Myong, Tae Eum and Kwolum type were more susceptible. Especially, cases of Indang being stagnant was noticeable. Moreover, the pulse activated parallel with the Heart which is a leading organ that manifests mental activity and controls seven emotions, so many cases were found that was far from Heart-Small intestine and Heart-Gall Bladder relationship.

Morphological Characteristics and Growth Performance of Korean Native Black Goats (재래흑염소의 형태적 특징 및 생육특성)

  • Lee, Sang-Hoon;Lee, Jinwook;Jeon, Dayeon;Kim, Seungchang;Kim, Kwan-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2019
  • This study aims to provide basic data for investigating the phenotypic traits and growth characteristics of Korean native black goats. The Jangsu and Tongyoung strains were shown to have black hair, while the Dangjin strain was shown to have black or dark brown long hair. Only the Tongyeong strain was found to have no wattle and one goat each from the females and males of the Dangjin strain was found to have no horns. The lengths of the ears and tails were similar for the female and male goats, while the lengths of horns and beards were longer in the male goats. The birth weight was 2 kg on average, with that of male goats tending to be slightly heavier than that of the females. Weights at the weaning period were found to be slightly heavier for the males. Also, at 12 months, the weights of the male goats by strain were shown to be heavier than that of the females. The body length and depth by strain were found to be higher for the male goats, while no differences in the chest width and girth between the strains or gender were found. These findings are expected to be used as a basis for differentiating between native and crossbred Korean black goat strains and for improving Korean native black goats.

The Effect of Curiosity and Need for Uniqueness on Emotional Responses to Art Collaborated Products including Moderating Effect of Gender (독특성 추구성향과 호기심이 아트 콜라보레이션 제품에 대한 소비자의 감정에 미치는 영향: 성별에 따른 조절효과)

  • Ju, Seon Hee;Koo, Dong-Mo
    • Asia Marketing Journal
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.97-125
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    • 2012
  • Companies recently introduce art collaborated products incorporating culture into a product. Art collaborated products include incorporating famous movies and/or design of an artist into a newly launched product. The introduction of art collaborated products are gradually increasing. However, research for this trend is relatively scarce. Although research concerning design has discussed a number of different factors as playing a role in influencing responses to design including culture, fashion, innate preferences, etc.), only limited attention has been paid to the processes by which consumers generate responses to product designs. People with different characteristics may respond differently. When people encounter these art products, they may become curious, may think that these products are unique, novel and innovative. People tend to show different levels of curiosity when they encounter new and novel objects, which they have rarely seen or experienced. Curiosity is defined as a desire for acquiring new knowledge and new sensory experience. Previous studies demonstrated that curiosity motivates individuals to engage in exploratory behaviors. People also show different levels of need for uniqueness, which is defined as being different from others or becoming distinctive among a larger group. Individual's need for uniqueness results from signals conveyed by the material objects that individuals choose to display. Recently, researcher have developed the need for uniqueness with three distinct constructs. These three concepts include creative choice, unpopular choice, and avoidance of similarity. Creative choice is a trait tendency of an individual by expressing or differentiating himself from others through consumptions of unique products. Unpopular choice is related to an individual's tendency to consume products, which deviates from group norms. Avoidance of similarity is linked to the avoidance of consumption behavior of products that are not famous. Past research implies that people with different levels of need for uniqueness show different motivational processes. Previous research also demonstrates that different customer emotions may be derived when consumers are exposed to these art collaborated products. Research tradition has been investigated three different emotional responses such as pleasure, arousal, and dominance. Pleasure is defined as the degree to which a person feels good, joyful, happy, or satisfied in a situation. Arousal is defined as the extent to which a person feels stimulated, active, or excited. Dominance is defined as the extent that a person feels powerful vis-a-vis the environment that surrounds him/her. Previous research show that complex, speedy, and surprising stimuli may excite consumers and thus make them more pleased and engaged in their approach behavior. However, the current study identified these emotional responses as positive emotion, negative emotion, and arousal. These derived emotions may lead consumers to approach and/or avoidance behaviors. In addition, males and females tend to respond differently when they are exposed to art collaboration products. Building on this research tradition, the current study aims to investigate the inter-relationships between individual traits such as curiosity and need for uniqueness and individual's emotional responses including positive and negative emotion and arousal when people encounter various art collaborated products. Emotional responses are proposed to influence purchase intention. Additionally, previous studies show that male and females respond differently to similar stimuli. Accordingly, gender difference are proposed to moderate the links between individual traits and emotional responses. These research aims of the current study may contribute to extending our knowledge in terms of (1) which individual characteristics are related to different emotions, and (2) how these different emotional responses inter-connected to future purchase intention of arts collaborated products. In addition, (3) the different responses to these arts collaborated products by males and females will guide managers how to concoct different strategies to these segments. The questionnaire for the present study was adopted from the previous literature and validated with a pilot test. The survey was conducted in Daegu, a third largest city in South Korea, for three weeks during June and July 2011. Most respondents were in their twenties and thirties. 350 questionnaires were distributed and among them 300 were proved to be valid (valid response rate of 85.7%). Survey questionnaires from valid 300 respondents are used to test hypotheses proposed. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to validate the research model. The measurement and structural model was tested using LISREL 8.7. The measurement model test demonstrated that consistency, convergent validity, and discriminat validity of the measurement items were acceptable. The results from the structural model demonstrate that curiosity has a positive impact on positive emotion, but not on negative emotion and arousal. Need for uniqueness has three different sub-concepts such as creative choice, unpopular choice, and avoidance of similarity. The results show that creative choice has a positive effect on arousal and positive emotion, but has a negative impact on negative emotion. Unpopular choice has a positive effect on arousal, but on neither positive nor negative emotions. Avoidance of similarity has no impact on neither emotions nor arousal. The results also demonstrated that gender has a moderating influence. Males show more negative emotion to creative and unpopular choices. Implications and future research directions are discussed in conclusion.

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Association of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) Gene Polymorphism with Serum IGF-I Concentration and Body Weight in Korean Native Ogol Chicken

  • Seo, D.S.;Yun, J.S.;Kang, W.J.;Jeon, G.J.;Hong, K.C.;Ko, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.915-921
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    • 2001
  • IGF-I is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in mammals, but its role as a modulator of growth and metabolism in poultry is poorly understood. And, no studies have so far been reported for the comparison between serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in the egg type or the dual purposes (meat and egg type) chicken including the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC). Therefore, in order to improve the body growth and meat production of the KNOC, this study was conducted for the identification of the polymorphism of IGF-I gene and for its possible association with both body weight and IGF-I concentration. The RFLP patterns for IGF-I gene were identified by the PstI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of +/+, +/-, and -/- genotype were 16.9%, 51.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. Any statistical significance was not observed in all variations except for sex variation (p<0.01) by covariate quadratic model. The significant effect of the IGF-I genotype on body weight by sex indicates that there are different physiological characteristics in gender. Although the body weights of male KNOCs in most ages were not significant, there was a tendency of KNOCs with +/+ IGF-I genotype to be heavier than those with any other genotypes. But all IGF-I genotypes in female did not influence on body weight. The ANOYA revealed no significant effects of IGF-I genotypes on serum IGF-I concentration but sex effect was highly significant on the IGF-I concentration at 20 and 40 weeks (p<0.01). Although the +/+ genotype, in gender, tended to express a higher IGF-I concentration than the other genotypes at all ages in males, a statistical difference among the genotypes was not found except for 60 weeks (p<0.05). Furthermore, since body weight and IGF-I genotypes are associated, it is possible to improve KNOC to a meat type breed if a continuous selection can be made for the body weight and/or IGF-I traits.

The Differences in Harassment Behavior and Perception of Dating Violence According to Traits of University Students (대학생의 특성에 따른 데이트폭력 가해 행동 및 데이트폭력 인식의 차이)

  • Kim, Rae-Eun;Koo, Sang-Mee;Choi, Sun-Mi
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.21 no.7
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    • pp.244-254
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in dating violence perception of dating violence perception of university students. As a research tool, CTS2 was used as a measure of dating violence, a measure developed by Kim(1999) was used, and a measure of dating violence by Jeong(2013) was used. Data analysis was performed using independent sample t-test and multi-variate analyses. The results are summarized as follows. First, female students showed higher differences in total violence against violence and psychological violence than boys, while boys showed higher physical violence than girls. Health majors were significantly higher in total dating violence and psychological violence than students in humanities and social sciences. There was no significant difference in dating violence offenses with or without sexual experience. Only psychological violence showed an interaction effect between gender and sex experience. Second, female students were significantly higher than male students with significant differences in recognition and sub-factors. Health majors were significantly higher in both date violence perception and lower factors than humanities and social sciences. Students without sexual experience perceived overall dating violence more than students with sexual, physical and cyber violence being significantly higher.