• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.283-307
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to compare the perception on family of social workers and clients. Perception of family concept, family function is changing as times passes. But social worker is facing a dilemma because of differences of the perception on family. In order to compare between social worker and client concepts on family, this study compare family concept, familism, gender egalitarianism. Data for analysis were collected from 131 social workers and 134 clients who were purposive sampled. Social worker's recognition of family concept is more acceptable than client's family typology, functional family concept. Analysis shows that client group more higher familism and clients have a low opinion of gender egalitarianism. Thus, social worker may have conflicted with client's family while social worker practices case management or prograss family welfare services. In order to examine the influencing factors on family perception, the defined factors were self-efficacy, family of orgin perception. Controlling for sex, old, marriage on family perception were examined. There were significant effect of old, family-orgin perception to the client's family concept, familism, gender egalitarianism. On the contrary there were significant effect of sex, self-efficacy to the social worker's familism, gender egalitarianism. In conclusion, this study confirmed the difference of family perceptions between social worker and client. But the result of this study suggest that family social work procession or intervention will be investigated concretely.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.315-333
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the time management behaviors and life satisfaction of gifted students and general students, and to investigate relationships between the time management and the life satisfaction. For this study, 104 gifted middle school students and 203 regular middle school students in Kyunggi Province were participated. The results of this study were as follows.; First, there was significant difference in the time management behaviors between gifted students and general students. Analyzing by independent samples t-test showed that gifted students' time management behaviors showed significantly higher than that of general students'. There was no gender difference in gifted students' time management behaviors. However, there was a significant gender difference in general students. The interaction effect between the group and the gender did not appear. Second, there was significant difference in the life satisfaction between gifted students and general students. Analyzing by independent samples t-test showed that gifted students' life satisfaction showed significantly higher than that of general students'. There was no gender difference in both groups. The interaction effect between the group and the gender did not appear. Third, investigating the relationship between time management behaviors and life satisfaction of gifted students and general students, the results showed significantly positive correlations in both groups. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of time management behaviors on life satisfaction, and it showed that time management behavior affects significantly on life satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to clarify the role of alcohol use disorders and acute alcohol consumption in suicide attempts by gender. Methods : Data of 1,152 suicide attempters(487 males and 742 females) who had visited an emergency center was gathered. Suicide attempts were categorized into three groups according to alcohol use: an alcohol use disorder group(AUD), an acute alcohol use group(AAU), and a no-alcohol use group(NAU). The intent and lethality of suicide attempts were evaluated by Suicidal Intents Scale and Risk-Rescue Rating Scale. Results : For Suicidal Intents Scale score, the male AUD group revealed a significantly lower mean score than the male AAU one. However, there were no statistically significant differences for female subjects across subgroups. With regard to the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale score, there were no significant differences for males, while the AUD group showed both the lowest highest rescue scores and lowest risk-rescue scores within female groups. Conclusions : AUD in females was more likely regarding impulsive suicide attempts with high rescue chances. Consuming alcohol might have different effect on suicide attempts by gender and our study shows that alcohol use is an important risk factor according to gender, particularly with regard to female suicide attempts.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.593-610
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• 2009

The Purpose of this study are to examine the middle-age and old worker's employment rates by age and gender at economic depression and recovery periods after the economic crisis, to identify the main 3causes of the change of the middle-age and old worker's employment rates between two periods, and to analyze whether the determinants affecting the middle-age and old worker's employment may be different by age and gender. For this study, The Annual Korean Labor Panel data(from 1st to 7th) are used. The results show that the employment rates are increased in the economic recovery period, and the difference between male and female employment rates decrease as ages go up. As we predicted, the determinants affecting the middle-age and old worker's employment are different by age and gender. For example, the existence of partner has positive effect on the male employment, but negative effect on female employment. The increases of the middle and old age worker's employment rates in the recovery period are mainly caused by the extension of the individualism(that is, the increases of the middle and upper class workers' employment), rather than the increases of the poor workers' employment rates due to the poverty(that is, the increases of the lower and poor class workers' employment). In the recovery period, comparing to the economic depression periods, the middle-age and old workers in the high class were likely to remain his(her) a good job while those in lower class are more difficult to get a job. This results show that the polarization of middle-age and old worker's employment has been appeared in the recovery periods(after 2001).

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.683-699
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• 2009

Family caregiving to the elderly is one of the most important social issues in recent Korea. Among various kinds of family caregivers, spouse caregivers particularly constitute a special group, generally characterized by continuous intimate association with the care recipients at many levels and by special commitments and responsibilities associated with the marriage bond. And the number of spouse caregiver is expected to increase in the future. Moreover, since a conjugal relation is consisted of husband and wife, their caregiving experiences and caregiving burden may vary by gender. Thus, the present study was to examine the effect of caregiving experience, especially caregiving motivation and social support focusing on the gender differences. We analysed 「2001 Survey of Care-giving Status and welfare Needs of Older Persons in Korea」 data by performing descriptive statistics, t-test and logistic regression. As a result, we found that the husband was likely to feel more burden when he started caregiving because of few alternatives. For wife caregivers, the less awareness of social support they had, the more possibility of economic burden they felt. With these results, we suggest the necessity of having gender-sensitive perspective in research and policy making for caregivers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2017

Objectives: Sleep quality is directly related to the health, quality of life and working capacity and is affected by age, gender, exercise, life habits. Gender dissimilarities in sleep quality are acknowledged. However, the gender difference in the quality of sleep in shift workers was not well known. Our aim was to study the less known gender differences in the quality of sleep of shift workers. Methods: 1,008 study subjects aged between 21 and 57 years among these, 637(525 male and 112 female workers) were daytime workers and 371(253 males and 118 female workers) were shift workers. Sleep quality was measured by self-report through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and fatigue was measured by using the Chalder Fatigue Scale(CFS). All data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 program. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute. Results: Overall, sleep quality was found to be worse in shift workers than in daytime workers and in female than in male. Fatigue in shift female workers was significantly higher than in daytime female workers and shift male workers. In Spearman correlation analysis results, fatigue were significantly associated with gender, drink habit, regular exercise, working hours and sleep quality. With group male workers as the reference, the odds ratio(OR) for having a CFS was 2.115(${\beta}$ value=0.749, p<0.01), and subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and PSQI were 1.541(${\beta}$ value=0.432, p<0.05), 2.297(${\beta}$ value=0.831, p<0.001), 1.798(${\beta}$ value=0.587, p<0.01) and 2.224(${\beta}$ value=0.799, p<0.01), respectively. Conclusions: Shift work played an important role in lowering the quality of sleep, and the effect was more pronounced in female workers than in male workers. Sleep quality was related to fatigue, especially sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction were significantly related. Therefore, to improve fatigue and sleep quality of shift worker, it is necessary to improve healthy habits such as regular exercise, smoking cessation, and limited drinking. In particular, it is urgent to develop and implement a regular exercise program to reduce fatigue and improve the quality of sleep in workplace.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.523-538
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• 2007

This study examined effects of gender and empathic emotional expression of an anthropomorphic interface agent on users. assessment of the agent. In addition, it examined effects of gender and emotional expression regardless of whether visual fidelity of the agent. In Study 1, The agents were manipulated by photographs of human face. The agent expressed empathic emotion by making an other-oriented emotional response congruent with another's perceived welfare. Subjects participated in a task with the agent and then they assessed the agent by rating interpersonal assessment scale. The result reported their preference to the female agent. In addition, they tended to make positive assessment to the agent of opposite gender. In the study 2, gender and expressed emotion of the agent with low fidelity was manipulated. Subjects participated in a task with the agent and then they assessed the agent by rating the same interpersonal assessment scale as study 1. The result reported their preference to the female agent. In addition, they preferred the agent expressing empathic emotion to the agent expressing self-oriented emotion or no emotion. Though the agent had low visual fidelity, its gender and expressed empathic emotion could make a significant effect on users' assessment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.371-381
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• 2019

This study explored how retirement satisfaction or dissatisfaction influences on retirees' life satisfaction, comparing to workers and the gender differences were examined. The study sample was 2,609 persons (1,886 workers, 723 retirees) aged 45 or older who participated in the 1-2 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), and the retirees were classified into continuously dissatisfied retirees and satisfied retirees during wave 1 and 2. Using SPSS 21.0, the multiple regression models were examined, and in order to clarify the gender difference, the multi-group analysis and the wald-test were conducted to test the difference of the regression coefficients according to gender using Mplus 7.3. According to the results, the life satisfaction of dissatisfied retirees was lower than that of the employed, but when satisfied with retirement, the life satisfaction was higher than that of the employed. In addition, the dissatisfied retirees in both gender were less satisfied with life than the employed, and this effect was greater in female group. However, the life satisfaction of female satisfied with retirement was higher than that of the employed, whereas the evidence of the male influence was not found to be significant. Based on the results of this study, discussion about heterogeneity of retirees and gender differences in life span were presented.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-158
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• 2015

This study examined the relationship between physical education and externalizing(aggression) and internalizing(depression, social withdrawal) problem behaviors among adolescents. The moderating role of gender and time in the association between physical education and problem behavior was also identified. This study used data from the second, third, and fourth waves of the middle school student cohort (N=2,133, N=2,151, N=1,979) of the Korean Children-Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS). Main analyses involved multilevel growth model with interaction terms. The dependent variables were aggression, depression, and social withdrawal. The independent variables were gender and physical education (exercise hours) at school. The control variables were abuse, school-adjustment, annual household income and parents' highest level of education. The major longitudinal findings of this study are as follows: First, there was significant change according to the passage of time only in aggression among externalizing and internalizing problems. Second, gender differences exist in aggression and depression. Third, exercise hours of physical education had a negative relationship with internalizing problems. Fourth, there were no gender differences over time in both externalizing and internalizing problems. Fifth, the interaction between exercise hours of physical education and time was statistically significant for social withdrawal. Sixth, the interaction between exercise hours of physical education and gender was statistically significant for depression. The results of this study may become an academic basis for suggesting policy directions that promote increased exercise hours in physical education classes at school.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.662-670
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of color, tone, perceiver's gender on image perception of natural dyeing of cotton and mosi. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimuli and response scale(The 7-point semantic). The stimuli was 20 fabrics manipulated with two kinds of fabrics(cotton, mosi), five colors(red, yellow, blue, green, purple) and two tone variations. The subjects were 412 adults in Daejeon and Kongju. The results were as follows: The perceived image of the stimulus material consisted of 4 dimensions (attractive, conspicuous, hand, weight) colors, tons, materials as well as perceiver's gender affected on some selected image dimensions color affected on the four image dimensions, tone affected on the conspicuous, hand and weight images, materials affected on the attractive and hand image and perceiver's gender affected on the weight image. Interaction effects existed among colors, tons and materials on the conspicuous image. In conclusion the results support gestalt theory in which the sum of the parts is bigger than the whole and design strategies for the Mosi fabrics should be developed on the basis of persuited design image as well as target consumers.