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Types of Retirement Satisfaction and Life Satisfaction among Middle and Older Adults: Focusing on Gender Differences

중고령자의 은퇴 만족 유형과 삶의 만족도 : 성별에 따른 차이를 중심으로

  • Cho, Kyuyoung (College of General Education, Dong-A University) ;
  • Jun, Hey Jung (Department of Child and Family Studies, Yonsei University) ;
  • Lee, Eun Jee (Department of Child and Family Studies, Yonsei University)
  • 조규영 (동아대학교 기초교양대학) ;
  • 전혜정 (연세대학교 아동가족학과) ;
  • 이은지 (연세대학교 아동가족학과)
  • Received : 2019.02.01
  • Accepted : 2019.04.05
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

This study explored how retirement satisfaction or dissatisfaction influences on retirees' life satisfaction, comparing to workers and the gender differences were examined. The study sample was 2,609 persons (1,886 workers, 723 retirees) aged 45 or older who participated in the 1-2 waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), and the retirees were classified into continuously dissatisfied retirees and satisfied retirees during wave 1 and 2. Using SPSS 21.0, the multiple regression models were examined, and in order to clarify the gender difference, the multi-group analysis and the wald-test were conducted to test the difference of the regression coefficients according to gender using Mplus 7.3. According to the results, the life satisfaction of dissatisfied retirees was lower than that of the employed, but when satisfied with retirement, the life satisfaction was higher than that of the employed. In addition, the dissatisfied retirees in both gender were less satisfied with life than the employed, and this effect was greater in female group. However, the life satisfaction of female satisfied with retirement was higher than that of the employed, whereas the evidence of the male influence was not found to be significant. Based on the results of this study, discussion about heterogeneity of retirees and gender differences in life span were presented.

본 연구는 은퇴를 주로 부정적인 생애사건으로 분류하였던 기존 인식에서 벗어나 보다 긍정적인 관점에서 다루고자 하였다. 취업자를 참조집단으로 하여, 은퇴자의 은퇴 만족 여부(만족 은퇴, 불만족 은퇴)가 삶의 만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고, 성별에 따른 차이를 검증하였다. 연구대상은 1~2차년도 고령화연구패널조사(KLoSA) 참여자 중 45세 이상의 취업자 1,886명, 은퇴자 723명으로 총 2,609명이며, 은퇴자는 1~2차년도 지속적 불만족 은퇴자와 만족 은퇴자로 구분하였다. 연구방법은 SPSS 21.0을 사용한 중다회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 남녀 집단 간 차이를 보다 명확히 하기위해 성별에 따른 회귀계수의 차이를 Mplus 7.3을 사용하여 다집단 분석(Multi-Group Analysis)을 통해 검증한 뒤, Wald-Test를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 불만족 은퇴자와 만족 은퇴자의 삶의 만족도는 상반되는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 은퇴에 불만족할 경우 취업자보다 삶의 만족도는 낮은 반면, 은퇴에 만족할 경우 오히려 취업자보다도 삶의 만족도가 높다는 결과가 도출되었다. 또한, 남녀 모두 불만족 은퇴자는 취업자보다 삶의 만족도가 낮았고, 이 효과는 여성에게서 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 여성의 경우 만족 은퇴자의 삶의 만족도는 취업자보다 높은 반면, 남성의 경우 이러한 영향력이 유의미하다는 증거가 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 은퇴자 집단의 이질성 및 생애과정에서의 성차에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다.

Keywords

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of Sample

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_371_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Results of Multiple Regression for All

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_371_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Results of Multiple Regression for Males and Females

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n4_371_t0003.png 이미지

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