• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Purpose: The study sought to uncover the effect of emotional labour strategies (surface acting and deep acting) on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The study also purposed to analyse the moderating effect of organisational support (supervisory support and co-worker support) and the role of gender on emotional labour connotations. Research design, data and methodology: A conceptual framework was developed using extant literature which led to the examination of deep acting and surface acting, which are the two main strategies of emotional labour. The outcome variables were emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Data was collected from front line employees of banks and was analysed using SEM-AMOS version 21. Results: It was revealed, in this study, that surface acting is inversely related to job satisfaction and positively related to emotional exhaustion, whereas deep acting was positively related to job satisfaction and inversely related to emotional exhaustion. The roles of gender and organisational support were also confirmed. Conclusions: The study therefore concluded that deep acting is the most ideal strategy of emotional labour as it leads to job satisfaction and reduced emotional exhaustion. Surface acting is a harmful emotional labour strategy.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.564-576
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• 2024

In a situation where the importance of eco-friendly fashion is growing, this study adds to the needed research by analyzing consumption value satisfaction factors, brand image, and repurchase intentions of eco-friendly fashion products. During the investigation, the impact of gender was also accounted for to establish an effective marketing strategy. In June 2024, 250 surveys were evaluated from domestic consumers with experience purchasing eco-friendly fashion products. Descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis were performed. Five factors were measured to determine satisfaction with the consumption value of eco-friendly fashion products: emotional value, functional value, social and situational value, passive value, and rare and eco-friendly value. Empirically subdividing satisfaction with eco-friendly fashion as recognized by consumers reveals meaningful findings about consumption value. Among the factors of consumption value satisfaction with eco-friendly fashion products, functional value, social and situational value, and rare and eco-friendly value all positively affected repurchase intention. The consumer's gender also made a difference in satisfaction. Considering these results, the marketing effect of eco-friendly fashion can be increased. This study will be able to increase the ESG management effect of fashion companies. By performing ESG management, the fashion industry can achieve social and environmental responsibility along with sustainable growth.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.318-331
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to find ways to effectively utilize job creation activities that can be an alternative to employment and entrepreneurship in diverse and subdivided labor markets. The effect of business capability on the job creation intention and the mediating effect of entrepreneurship were identified, and gender was used as a control variable for comparison among groups. The questionnaire was composed of 4 questions for 6 variables, and a 7-point Likert scale was used. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural relationship analysis, mediating effect and moderating effect were conducted on 392 people who answered the questionnaire sincerely. As a result of analysis the relationship between the job creation intention in business capability, the entrepreneur passion in business capability and the job creation intention in entrepreneur passion had a positive (+) effect. Entrepreneur passion in the verification of bootstrapping mediating effects played a mediating role in the relationship between business capability and job creation intention. It was found that there was no difference in the job creation intention according to the gender that was compared between groups. The job creation activities must overcome the negative perspectives and worries around them with the differentiation of items experience and know-how a business model that reflects recent trends and a passionate and persistent Jobcreatorship.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.125-133
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• 2022

This study attempted to find out whether learning time has a mediating effect according to the gender, region, and grade of middle school students in the relationship between academic engagement and self-esteem. To this end, a survey of 1,045 middle school students in Gyeongsangnam-do was conducted on academic engagement, learning time, and self-esteem. Difference verification was conducted to determine the difference in academic engagement, learning time, and self-esteem according to the general characteristics of the study subjects, correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between major variables, and regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effect of learning time. As a result of the analysis, first, there was no difference in the academic engagement of middle school students by group. In the learning time, middle school students in the city area were significantly higher than those in the township area, male students had higher self-esteem than female students, and students in the city area had significantly higher self-esteem as the grade went up. Second, as a result of correlation analysis, learning time, academic engagement, and self-esteem showed a positive correlation. Third, in the entire group not divided by group, both the direct path through which academic engagement reaches self-esteem and the partial mediating model from learning time to self-esteem showed significant effects. In the analysis by gender, only female students excluding male students showed a partial mediating effect, and the analysis results by region showed a partial mediating effect only on students in the city. The analysis results by grade showed a partial mediating effect only for second-year middle school students. In order to improve the self-esteem of middle school students, education and counseling should be conducted in consideration of not only individual differences by gender and grade, but also the region in which they live.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.77-87
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of social relations satisfaction of low-income middle-aged and elderly single-person households on individual subjective happiness and to verify the mediating effect of depression and gender control to provide basic data for the development of related policies and programs. The SPSS WIN 25.0 program used frequency analysis, technical statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and PROCESS MACRO Model Number 4 to verify the mediating effect of 482 middle-aged singleperson households extracted using the "17th Korea Welfare Panel in 2022" survey data. In addition, the control effect was verified using PROCESS MACRO Model Number 1. The results of the study first showed that social relationship satisfaction after controlling demographic characteristics had a positive effect on subjective happiness. Second, it was found that depression had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social relationship satisfaction and subjective happiness. Third, it was found that the higher the satisfaction level of social relationships among women than men, the greater the sense of happiness. Through this study, it is meaningful in that it identified the meaning of social relationships of middle-aged and elderly single-person households and presented practical implications so that they can be used as basic data for policy support measures.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.67-84
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• 2023

Gender diversity policies aim to reduce institutional discrimination in a male-dominated society and the underutilization of women in terms of the economy. Extant gender diversity literature has focused on gender diversity policies premised on women being treated as a minority. However, since women-centered occupational groups do exist, women cannot be considered an absolute minority. Therefore, we explored the gender difference in job seekers' reactions to a diversity policy favorable to men. The experiment divided participants into 2 (Gender: Male, Female) × 2 (Diversity: Favorable, Unfavorable), canvassing 329 college students (156 male, 173 female). Participants evaluated the organizational justice and organizational attractiveness of the virtual company by looking at the diversity cues presented in the job posting seeking new employees. As a result, it was confirmed that if the diversity cues presented in the job posting were favorable (vs. unfavorable) to the individual, the organization's distribution justice and procedural justice perceptions were generated differently according to the gender of the job seeker. Moreover, female job seekers perceived distribution justice and procedural justice as higher than male job seekers when they encountered diversity cues that were favorable (vs. unfavorable) to them. In addition, the relationship between diversity cues and organizational attractiveness was mediated by the perception of organizational justice, and this mediating effect was moderated by gender. For women, on the one hand, the mediating effect through the perception of distributive justice and procedural justice was significant in the relationship between diversity cues and organizational attractiveness. On the other hand, the mediating effect alone through the perception of procedural justice was significant for men. Our findings suggest that identical diversity managements are distinguished by individuals' social status or affiliation and may even result in differentiated behaviors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 2017

The notable findings are as follow: First, men show higher level of perceiving open marriage, sex-role, acceptance of extra-marital relationship and intention of extra-marital sex than that of women. Second, the effects of men's perception of sex-role and open marriage, and the acceptance of extra-marital relationship have direct effects on their intention of extra-marital sex. The acceptance of extra-marital relationship shows the mediation effect on the path between that of open marriage and extra-marital sex among men. However, men's perception of sex-role does not affect the acceptance of extra-marital relationship. Lastly, women's perception of sex-role and open marriage, and the acceptance of extra-marital relationship directly influence the intention of extra-marital sex each, including the mediating effect of accepting extra-marital relationship between that of open marriage and extra-marital sex which are similar to the men's trend. Women's perception of sex-role show the direct effect on the acceptance of extra-marital relationship unlike man's trend. Therefore, the fact demonstrates that the effect of perceiving of sex-role on the intention of extra-marital sex is different according to gender. Some practical and political implications are discussed based on the study's findings.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.112-126
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of employees' physical attractiveness in foodservice companies on interpersonal relationship, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior and the moderating effect of gender and company types. Based on total 553 samples obtained from the empirical research, this study reviewed reliability and the fitness of a research model and verified total 3 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously by using a structural equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data, $x^2$(df 179)=627.230, p<0.01, CMIN/DF 3.504, RMR 0.228, GFI 0.903, AGFI 0.875, NFI 0.935, CFI 0.953, RMSEA 0.067. SEM resulted that the employees' physical attractiveness(face attractiveness: $\beta=0.213$; body attractiveness: $\beta=0.111$) showed a significant effect on interpersonal relationship, and interpersonal relationship($\beta=0.375$) had a significant effect on job satisfaction. Also, job satisfaction($\beta=0.756$) had a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. As a result of analyzing the moderating role, the effect of the employees' physical attractiveness in foodservice companies on interpersonal relationship, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior was moderated by both of gender and company types. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.203-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of the VDSPA(Vulnerability to the Different Sex's Physical Attraction) on IOM(the intention of open marriages), the mediating effect of the SAEMR(Self Acceptance of Extra-Marital Relationship) and the moderating effect of gender. This is an empirical research based on data analysis obtained by surveying 655. The notable findings are as follow: First, respondents' perceptions of their own extramarital affairs(M=2.284) and open marriages(M=2.175) are generally negative, but women were more negative than men. Second, both men and women were vulnerable to the physical attraction of the opposite sex(M=3.569), especially men than women. Third, the more vulnerable to the physical attraction of the opposite sex, the more receptive to their own infidelity. The more receptive to their own extramarital affair, the more clear their intention to open marriage. Lastly, in the case of women, it is confirmed that the vulnerability of the physical attraction of the opposite sex has a significant effect on the intention of an open marriage, with the acceptability of the one's own infidelity as a mediator. In the case of men, there is no mediating effect of accepting their own extramarital affairs, which proved to be a moderating effect by gender. Unlike men, in the case of women, it is concluded that 'accepting their own extramaritality is a critical factor that directly or indirectly has a significant effects on their intention to open marriage.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.291-309
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• 2020

In this study, the behavioral model of Andersen and Newman(1973) was applied to identify the factors influencing the use of senior centers by the elderly in the community, and the mediating effect of user satisfaction was improved to improve the satisfaction of seniors using the Senior Center and operate the Senior Center. This study attempted to suggest policy and practical alternatives for activation. The subjects were 578 elderly people using 2,283 senior centers in Busan. As a result, the factors influencing the total usage period of the Senior Center were analyzed by age and type of potential factors among the leading factors, and the factors affecting the total number of days of senior center usage during the week were gender, age, and education level among the preceding factors. Appeared. Factors affecting user satisfaction as a parameter were analyzed as subjective health status among gender, age, and desire factors among preceding factors. As a result of verification of mediating effect of user satisfaction, there was a partial mediating effect between age and total use of Senior Center, full mediating effect between gender and days of Senior Center use, and partial mediating effect between age and Senior Center use days. Analyzed. According to the purpose and main findings of the study, the policy and practical suggestions for activating the satisfaction and use of Senior Center are as follows. First, program development and support according to the characteristics of senior center users are required. Second, there is a need to characterize per-path according to senior center type and regional environment. Third, there is a need to improve and raise the support standards for senior center operating expenses.