• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.551-562
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• 1999

This study was intended to investigate the effect on the human body such as subcutaneous fat thickness the circumference of extremities etc. of the clothing training of putting on thin clothes periodically from the cold period. The subjects were divided into the clothing training group and the non-training group, The training group was asked to wear cool clothes in daily life and to wear the training clothes of T-shirts with half-length sleeves and pants and perform the clothing training for two hours daily three times a week in a cold environment over the period from November to February. The non-training group was asked to lead a life wearing comfortable clothes. Then a comparative experiment was conducted at 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R, H and 0.25m/sec before and after the clothing training. After the clothing training regardless of gender subcutaneous fat thickness was more increased and total clothing weight per the surface area of the body was decreased in the training group than the non-training group. The training group showed lower skin temperature in the limbs and lower average skin temperature than the non-training group irrespective of gender which proved the effect of the clothing training. The training group was shown to have attendancy toward a greater sense of warmth and a less sense of discomfort which proved the effect of the clothing training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1111-1121
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on ornaments and color of jacket, and to analyze the effect of ornaments, color of jacket, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$4$\times$2(ornaments$\times$color of jacket$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female model and the semantic differential scale were used. Samples were 288 college males and females. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, duncan's multiple range test, and t-test. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were potency, elegance, evaluation, youthfulness, and feminine. Wearing of large ornaments(a necklace and earrings) had a negative effect on impression of elegance and positive on potency. Red jackets increased the impression of positive evaluation, potency, feminity, and youthfulness. On the jackets of achromatic color such as white and black, wearing of large ornaments increased the effect of potency, and large ornaments increased matured impression on black jacket. The results of this study mean that perceiverss used large ornaments and red jackets as a salient cue.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm if there are gender differences in influences of parental support, control, and school life adjustment on suicidal ideation of adolescents and to examine the mediating effect of depression on the influences of independent variables on their suicidal ideation. Methods: This study comprised a total of 671 students in seventh and eighth grades in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data were analyzed for frequency, average, and standard deviation, using the t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and the Sobel test. Results and Conclusion: First, significant differences among adolescents' gender were shown in fathers' psychological control, mothers' behavior control, and suicidal ideation. Second, in the case of male adolescents, all independent variables were found to have a full mediating effect on their suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, in the case of female adolescents, independent variables except for mothers' psychological control were found to have a full mediating effect on their suicidal ideation. Mothers' psychological control was found to have a partial mediating effect on suicidal ideation of adolescents for both genders.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.158-167
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Health Promotion Behavior on Spiritual well-being through decision making ability. The data for the study were collected from April 1 to 15, 2019 and the final data used in this study were 332. The research method was cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $X^2$ analysis, multiple regressions and median effect analysis using SPSS 18.0. Among the participants of this study, 18.1% of men and 81.9% of women were female. The results of this study appeared that the differences in sub-factors of health promotion behaviors by gender were higher in female in health responsibility, substance abuse, social relationship, and self-actualization (p<0.01), while men were higher in exercise than women (p<0.05). Differences in sub-factors of health promotion behaviors by gender were higher in female in health responsibility, substance abuse, social relationship, and self-actualization (p<0.01), while men were higher in exercise than women (p<0.05). Decision making (t=4.899, p<0.01), Health responsibility (t=-1.990, p<0.05), Substance abuse (t=7.344, p<0.01), Exercise (t=7.344, p<0.01), and Self-actualization (t=7.619, p<0.01) were appeared to affect Spiritual Well-Being under statistical significance. Also Decision Making Ability had a partial mediating role in health responsibility and social relationship, which were sub-factors of health promotion behavior, affecting spiritual Well-Being.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2021

This study examines the impact of perceived risks for smart shoes based on purchase intention by type of smart shoes as well as how they are mediated by fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness. It also compares the differences between awareness, interest and perceived risk of smart shoes by gender and age. This study was conducted based on men and women in their 20s to 50s who provided 246 samples for data analysis using SPSS 25.0. The results show significant differences in the awareness, interests and perceived economic risk of smart shoes by gender and age. The perceived performance risk had a positive effect on the purchase intention of smart shoes for GPS. Perceived aesthetic-psychological risk had a negative effect on all types of smart shoes. Perceived economic risk had a negative effect on the purchase intention of smart shoes for entertainment; in comparison, perceived social risk had a positive effect on the purchase intention of smart shoes for GPS and entertainment. Fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness also mediated the relationship between perceived economic risk as well as the purchase intention of smart shoes for healthcare, GPS and entertainment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.93-104
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• 2019

The entrepreneurship can be a source of national growth potential as behavioral tendencies of people who seek innovation, take risks of failure, and proactively respond to opportunities. In particular, in the economic situation of Korea where growth has been stagnated, it is necessary to strengthen the entrepreneurship of women which is relatively lower than men's in order to activate the start-up and economic participation of the whole people. In this regard, this study focuses not only on gender differences in entrepreneurship but also on the hidden impact of social contexts that cause gender differences in entrepreneurship. Specifically, this study examined the moderating effects of childbirth, a factor that reflects the social context of Korea in the relationship between gender and entrepreneurship. According to the results of the model that includes the interaction effect of these variables in addition to the independent effects of gender and childbirth, the gender effect disappeared, while the significant effect of both the childbirth variable and the interaction variable of gender and childbirth were confirmed. Furthermore, according to additional analysis, which identified the differences in entrepreneurship by creating four types of treatment groups based on gender and childbirth status, entrepreneurship was significantly lower in the 'female and childbirth' group than in all other groups. The difference between the remaining treatment groups was not statistically significant. These results indicate that differences in entrepreneurship levels between men and women overlap not with the unique trait of men and women, but with the social contextual effects of Korea, where women are under the full burden of childbirth and parenting. This study suggests implications that effective policy measures to promote women's entrepreneurship or economic activity should be taken by taking into account the social context of Korea that suppresses women's entrepreneurial behavior.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.63-74
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• 2018

Youth unemployment including college graduates has become more serious in recent years. It is very necessary to study the factors affecting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. These days, the number of female entrepreneurs has been increased dramatically. There have been many successful entrepreneurs with technology background in Korea. Until now, there have been not so many empirical studies examining moderating effects of gender and college major. A lot of studies have examined the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of college students. The purpose of this article is to examine gender and major as moderators in the relationship. Until now, there has been very few research investigating the moderating effects of gender and major on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Survey questionaries were given to 400 college students randomly chosen in Gangwon-do. Finally, 334 surveys were used to analyze the relationship. The findings of our study are as follows. First, similar to previous studies, entrepreneurial orientation of college students has a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. Second, participation both in school entrepreneurship courses and out of school entrepreneurship education does positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Gender and major are moderating variables between entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Third, compared to male students, female students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, compared to Non-STEM students, STEM students with low entrepreneurial orientation show much lower entrepreneurial intention. Thus, in order to improve entrepreneurial intention among college students, it is very important to develop entrepreneurial orientation, especially for female and STEM college students.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.7-17
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marriage consciousness, occupational consciousness, and gender equality consciousness on childbirth will in nursing students and to provide the basic data of to control childbirth will. Data were collected from 242 nursing students in B city and analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The average of marriage consciousness was 3.43±.36, the average of occupational consciousness was 3.30±.47, the average of gender equality consciousness was 3.85±.37, the average of childbirth will consciousness was 3.48±.42. The childbirth will according to the general characteristics was not significantly different. The study subject's childbirth will was correlated with occupational consciousness(r=.279, p<.001), occupational consciousness(r=.143, p=.026), gender equality consciousness(r=.263, p<.001), and marriage conscious was correlated occupational consciousness(r=.279, p<.001). The factors influencing childbirth will of the study subjects were marriage consciousness(𝛽=.215,p=.001), gender equality consciousness(𝛽=.239, p<.001), and the explanatory power of these variables was 11.9%. According to this study, it is necessary to confirm the effects of developing an intervention program and applying this program to improve the decisions of nursing students concerning marriage and having children.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.247-276
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• 2010

This study aimed to examine the model to explain the mediator effect of care evaluation(care stress, care satisfaction) on the effect of stress factors and resource on the psychological well-being of the parents of the adult intellectual disabilities. Examining whether there is a difference between the gender of parents was another aim of this study. Study results showed that with the care stress as an endogenous variable, the daily life function and maladjustment behavior of adult children and the health state of parents had a significant direct effect on the psychological well-being of parents. With care satisfaction as an endogenous variable, family support, expert support and care stress had a significant direct effect. With the psychological well-being as an endogenous variable, care satisfaction and care stress had a significant effect, but the health state of parents didn't. In case of indirect effect, the care stress had a significant mediator effect on the effect of the physical function and maladjustment behavior of adult children and the health state of parents on the psychological well-being of parents. Care satisfaction had a significant mediator effect on the effect of family support, expert support and care stress on the psychological well-being of parents. According to the result of the Multiple Group Analysis, the path showed a statistically significant difference between gender was friend support→care satisfaction, care stress→psychological wellbeing, expert support→care satisfaction. On the basis of the study results, practical suggestions were made.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.61-77
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• 2012

This study investigated what web users share on a health website and how the demographic characteristics of users reflect health information sharing behavior. By using a content analysis method, this study analyzed 1,042 randomly chosen messages in the discussion board of a health website. The results revealed that the health website users emotionally supported other users, provided health information, and built relationships between them. Two third of the health website users shared his/her thoughts or feelings about ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) on the health website and one fourth of the health website users connected with others who had ALS. A half of the users actively provided information as a direct response to a question. No significant differences were discerned with regard to total posting frequency by age and gender effect. However, the male users in the 50s answered questions to others more actively and tried to manage their life better than the other age groups.