• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

Purpose - In today's globalized and modern business environment, corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are considered to be essential for the sustainable development of enterprises. In addition, the corporate philanthropy that is related to CSR practices, as well as their being capable of reducing the anti-corporate sentiment of people have facilitated a qualitative forward leap into the quantitative growth phase. This study aims to undertake a comparative evaluation of corporate philanthropy through the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method focusing on service and manufacturing industries, and to eventually determine a differentiated approach that is needed for corporate philanthropy. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey responses were collected through online research on specialized companies from consumers nationwide who were aged from 20 to 60 and who are aware of corporate philanthropy. A total of 408 sheets of questionnaire survey were used. Frequency analysis was undertaken in this study. The interviewees had demographic characteristics of gender: 206 males (50.5%) and 202 females (49.5%). They also had demographic characteristics of age: 82 people were over 20 (20.1%), 96 over 30 (23.5%), 105 over 40 (25.7%), and 125 over 50 (30.7%) years of age. The distribution of interviewees' residences is as follows: 154 persons (37.7%) in the Special City, 102 persons (25.0%) in the Metropolitan City, and 152 persons (37.3%) in the Provincial Region. The interviewees have been working for the following companies: 34 persons (8.3%) in LG Display, 80 (19.6%) in KT&G, 49 (12.0%) in Amore Pacific, 42 (10.3%) in KIA Motors, 47 (11.5%) in SBS, 52 (12.8%) in Shinhan Bank, 86 (21.1%) in Asiana Airlines, and 18 (4.4%) in Hyundai Department Store. We applied the paired t-test for the IPA analysis. PASW Statistics 18 was used for statistical analysis. Results - The results of IPA analysis indicated that the importance and performance degrees in both manufacturing and service industries were significantly different. Major empirical results showed that, in consumer, social, economic, philanthropic, and environmental dimensions, in the sub-factors of philanthropy activities in both manufacturing and service industries, the importance degree was found to be higher than performance degree. Further, the average difference between importance degree and performance degree by the sub-factors of philanthropy activities. On the other hand, the average difference of environmental dimension was found to be highest in both service and manufacturing industries. Thus, while consumers consider the philanthropy activities of the environmental dimension as most important, actual companies treat performance of philanthropy activities of the environmental dimension insufficiently or negligibly to some degree. Conclusions - The differentiated approach method that is required for corporate philanthropy may be proposed to uplift corporate accomplishments by analyzing the IPA of the attributes of the sub-factors of corporate philanthropy. This is, to an extent, insufficient in the existing studies related to the use of the IPA technique, and it shows the items that are to be conducted intensively.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to examine the correlations between relationship benefits, quality, and continuity intention of community services. It further investigates the mediation effect of relationship quality operating on the association between relationship benefits and relationship continuity intention. Thus, this study will aim to elucidate the correlations between relationship benefits, quality and community services intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve these objectives, this study executed a questionnaire from the users of the child․adolescent psychological support service which represents part of community services. The research framework that was utilized in this study was of three main factors. They were relationship quality, relationship benefits, and intention of relationship continuity. In relationship quality, factors such as trust and commitment was included in this section. For relationship benefits, factors such as society benefits and commitment benefits were the essence. The control variable in this study was gender, age, income, hours of service used, and the number of times service was used in community services. Results - The key research findings are as follows. First, this study found out that the more the social benefits was enhanced in the community services, the higher the relationship continuity intention was. Second, this study has found out that the higher the trust of community services, the higher the relationship continuity intention. Third, this study has shown that the more the relationship benefits was enhanced in the community services, the higher the recognition by the users' relationship quality was. Fourth, the trust in the community services played a mediating role between the relationship benefits and relationship continuity intention. Conclusions - Many associations could be discovered on the correlations between relationship benefits, quality, and community service continuality intention. These results will have important implications for the future of child and adolescent psychological support services. In terms of relationship marketing, the three factors; benefits, quality, and continuity intention in community services were proved to be pivotal. In order for the continuity intention in community services, the two factors of benefits and quality were the influential factors. From a policy maker's standpoint, the relationship continuity was the most important factor.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.605-613
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• 1999

The main purposes of this study were to determine the time interval between the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and treatment-seeking time and to identify the factors related to the interval time. This study used a retrospective design. The sample consisted of 45 patients aged over 30 who were diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction at two large university affiliated medical center from September 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998. Data was collected by using questionnaries, which included demographic data, permonitory clinical signs and symtoms of myocardial infarction, and a measure of the severity of the signs and symptoms. Also semi-structured interviews and chart reviews were used to obtain information related to treatment-seeking time. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The most frequent premonitory clinical symptom was chest pain(92.9%), the second, was perspiration(81.0%), and the next were nausea(40.5%) and dyspnea(38.1%). Thirty two patients reported having more than four premonitory signs and symtoms. Patients described the characteristics of chest pain as “somethings very heavy pressing down”(26.2%), “felt like my chest would burst”(24.4%), or “sharp pain”(16.7%), Over 95% of the sample reported having chest pain. 2. Twenty two (52.4%) patients reported to have “very severe” premonitory pain. 3. The mean time interval between the onset of signs and symptoms and the arrival at the medical center was 6.39$\pm$10.80 hours in 42 samples, the mean time from the onset to arrival at a local hospital was 3.27$\pm$5.39 hours and for transfer from a local hospital to the medical center was 4.75$\pm$9.87 hours in patients who had arrived at medical center via local hospital. 4. The severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not differ significantly according to existence of premonitory signs and symptoms. 5. There was no significant relationship between treatment-seeking time and age, gender, marital status, economic status, occupation, or residence. But education had significant relationship(r＝－0.51, p＝0.01). Analysis of difference of the time interval according to the premonitory signs and symptoms showed that the time was shorter in patients who experienced nausea or dyspnea(U＝115.50, p＝0.01, U＝132.00, p＝0.04), however the severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not have statistical significance.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.331-340
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• 2005

치관경사도 연구는 부정교합 진단과 치료 계획 수립 및 더욱 편리한 교정 장치 개발과 관련한 기초 자료로써 중요시되어 왔다 이에 본 연구는 307명(남자 187명, 여자 120명)의 대표본 성인 정상교합자를 연구대상으로 삼아 자료의 신뢰성 검증이 병행된 치관경사도를 보고함으로써 치과교정학 임상에 도움이 되는 기초자료를 도출해 보고자 시행되었다. 치관경사도 측정을 위하여 정상교합자 표본의 모형 상에서 개개 치아의 근원심 각도 및 협설측 각도를 측정하였으며, 측정 전후 측정자간 및 측정자 내의 신뢰성 검증을 시행하였고. 남녀간의 성차와 기존 연구자료와의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구 결과 본 연구가 대표본을 대상으로 하여 높은 신뢰성 지표를 보였음에도 불구하고 정상교합자의 치관경사도는 변동이 심한 것이 관찰되었고 이에 따라 기존 연구들에 대비하여 임상적으로 유의한 자료상의 차별성은 고찰할 수 없었으며 변동의 양상 또한 선학들이 보고한 자료와 유사하였다 결론적으로 치관경사도 측정시 드러난 정상변동을 해석하여 개별 적합성이 최대로 증진된 효율적인 치과교정장치를 개발하기 위해 좀 더 발전된 수학적·통계학적 모형 구성이 필요할 것으로 생각되었다

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2012

본 연구는 일 대학병원 간호사 303명을 대상으로 암성통증관리에 대한 지식과 태도를 알아보고 통증 관리 교육을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위한 조사연구로 진행되었다. 연구 도구는 일반적 특성과 통증의 지식과 태도와 관련한 107문항으로 구성되었고 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 통증에 대한 일반적 지식의 정답률은 79.6%, 암성 통증 지식 점수의 정답률은 82.2%로 나타났고, 진통제 사용에 대한 지식의 정답률은 55.6%, 통증관리에 대한 태도의 정답률은 65.2%, 통증관리에 대한 지식과 태도의 전체 정답률은 70.7%로 나타났다. 일반적 특성에 따른 진통제 사용에 대한 지식은 연령, 교육정도, 직위, 총 근무경력, 현 근무지, 현 근무처 경력, 통증교육 경험에서 유의한 차이가 있었고 통증관리에 대한 태도는 성별, 교육정도, 현 근무지에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결론적으로 환자의 통증을 관리해야 하는 간호사의 통증과 관련한 항목별 지식과 태도의 평균점수가 높지 않음을 알 수 있고 대부분 통증 중재 방법으로는 진통제 투여에 의존하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 간호사의 암성통증관리에 대한 지식과 태도를 향상시키기 위해 실무에 적용 가능한 교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하고 개발된 교육 프로그램을 적용하여 임상간호사의 통증관리에 대한 지식과 태도의 변화를 반복 연구할 필요가 있다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns and the interrelationships for meeting guidelines of three health behaviors including physical activity(PA), sedentary behavior(SB), and dietary behavior(DB) for Korean adolescents using 2007 KYRBS(Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey) data. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 73392 middle-high school students. PA(moderate physical activity${\geqq}$5times/week, or vigorous ${\geqq}$3times/week), SB(watching TV, computer, DVD, video, etc. < 3 hr/day), and DB(servings of fruits ${\geqq}$1 times/day, or vegetables ${\geqq}$ 3 times/day) were categorized into two levels (meeting guidelines or not). Chi-squared tests were conducted to compare the prevalence of students not meeting these three health behaviors between boys and girls, and logistic linear regression was used to determine the interrelationships of three health behaviors. Students meeting guidelines for PA, SB, and DB were 31.0%(boys 42.6%, girls 18.0%), 74.7%(boys 75.4%, girls 74.0%), and 38.5%(boys 38.6%, girls 38.4%), respectively. In addition, there were significant differences between both genders for PA and SB (PA; $x^2(1)$=35175.11, p<.0001, SB; $x^2(1)$=19.44, p<.0001). Only 10.9% of students met all three guidelines and 12.4% did not meet all three. Pattern that simultaneously did not meet PA and DB were high in both boys(27.1%) and girls(37.2%). Students who did not meet DB were at greater risk of not meeting PA(Boys; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.55, Girls; OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.50), and not meeting SB(Boys; OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.48, Girls; OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.43) compared with students who met DB. The findings of this study supported further evidence for the need of a multiple behavior approach considering gender and interrelationships among three behaviors.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed at helping oral health prevention of the blind and related management plan, which is defined as the influence factors between missing and filled permanent teeth index and general feature and oral health behavior of the blind in Korea (estimates 229,678 persons) using data of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 Korea Centers For Disease Control and Prevention. Methods: The blind over the age of 30 were selected as study subjects who have conducted health survey and dental inspections in KNHANES VI-2. Estimates of the subjects were 229,67 persons. For analyzing data, general linear models: GLM and covariance analysis were conducted to identify the relation between general feature and oral health behavior and missing and filled permanent teeth index. SPSS 21 statistical program was used, which is possible to conduct complex sampling design, and the significance level was 0.05. Results: The missing and filled permanent teeth index was 8.58 points. Regarding the results of the analysis, R-squared of the missing and filled permanent teeth index depending on general features of the blind was 0.839 points, which shows gender, age, residence, education level, individual income, disability rating, kinds of health insurance, marital status and recipient of basic living had an effect on the missing and filled permanent teeth index. R2 of the missing and filled permanent teeth index depending on oral health form of the blind was 0.728 points, which shows oral examination, dental treatment, smoking and toothbrushing after lunch had an effect on the missing and filled permanent teeth index. Conclusions: With the result of this study, we found the oral health actual condition of the blind in Korea. Therefore, it is considered that the government needs to introduce the personalized oral health education program to maintain oral health of the blind and to develop a program that uses braille and voice device which enables to access and utilize to improve oral health behavior that the government could use it as a reference to establish the policy plan.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.801-815
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• 2011

This study examines the characteristics of marketing and customer that influence the selection of multichannel (preference/frequency of use) in the fashion retail. The subjects of this study are men and women live in Seoul/Gyeonggi province and Busan/Gyeongsangnam-do in their 20s-40s who have shopping experiences in fashion items of more than 2 shopping channels among offline stores, catalogs, and the internet. The survey period was from March to May 2010 and 411 forms were used in this survey. The data were analyzed by a reliability analysis (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$), a factor analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. First, marketing characteristics, which effect the selection of multichannel (preference/frequency of use), consist of sales promotion, service, price, merchandise, and distribution. Those have a significant influence (***p${\leq}$.001) on choosing multichannel of fashion retail. Price has a significant impact on the preference of multichannel and merchandise affect for frequency of use in multichannel shopping. Second, customer characteristics have a significant influence (***p${\leq}$.001) on the monthly average purchasing amount, shopping hours, shopping frequency, brand knowledge, and price sensitivity. Particularly, monthly average purchasing amount & shopping frequency have meaningful differences in the frequency of using multichannel; in addition, shopping hours were affected by preference & frequency of use. Price sensitivity has a greater influence on the frequency of using multichannel and brand knowledge has a greater effect on multichannel preference. Customer's information searching characteristics have main 3 factors through the use of marketing information, personal information and experience information. Application of experience information is the main factor in preference and frequency of using multichannel shopping. The customer demographic characteristics of age (*p${\leq}$.05, **p${\leq}$.01) and gender (*p${\leq}$.05) show a difference for selecting multichannel. There is no difference for marital status, average household income per month, and job.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2010

본 연구는 대학교육을 통하여 획득해야 하는 핵심역량들을 추출하여 공과대학 신입생들이 인식하는 현재의 역량수준과 기대하는 역량수준을 조사하고 공과대학 교육의 방향성을 탐색해 보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 핵심역량에 대한 문헌분석을 통해서, '전공능력', '교양능력', '외국어능력', '기초수학능력', '인간소통능력'의 5가지를 공학교육의 목표와 내용이 되어야 할 핵심 역량으로 추출하였다. 이를 연구도구화 한 뒤, C대학교 공과대학 신입생 584명을 대상으로 핵심역량에 대한 현재인식수준과 기대인식수준을 조사 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 신입생들은 모든 역량에서 현재 역량수준이 낮다고 인식하고 있었으며, 특히 '외국어 역량'에 대한 인식수준이 가장 낮았다. 기대인식수준에 대한 교육요구도 '외국어능력'이 가장 높았고, '전공능력'은 두 번째로 높았다. 둘째, 신입생들의 하위특성을 성별, 고등학교 계열별, 출신고등학교의 지역별, 대학입학전형 유형별, 수능 수리유형별로 차이검증을 실시한 결과, 하위특성별로 현재인식수준과 기대인식수준간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 연구결과를 토대로, 본 연구는 공과대학 교육의 방향으로 외국어(영어)교육의 강화, 학습자의 하위 특성에 따른 개인차 해소를 위한 다양한 교육프로그램 설계 및 실행, 전공능력뿐 아니라 교양능력 및 인간소통능력의 중요성에 대한 인식 제고와 관련 프로그램의 강화, 교수-학습과정에 대한 피드백 자료 축적을 통한 공학 교육프로그램의 지속적인 수정 보완작업, 공학교육과정과 특별프로그램을 통한 진로교육의 활성화를 제언하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.18-40
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• 2008

Measurements of health related quality of life can be used to compare patients with specific conditions to average individuals in the general population in a similar age and gender group. However there are few data available regarding health related quality of life for the general population of Korea. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the validity of the Korean version of EQ-5D and to measure the health related quality of life of the general adult population in a metropolitan city. The survey was cross-sectional and employed a stratified and multistage sampling design through 100 examination sites in 5 districts of UIsan. A total of 12,644 individuals from 4,112 households participated in the survey. Of these, we analyzed data from 8,068 adults who were over 19 years old and completed the EQ-5D. To examine the validity of the questionnaire, the differences in 5 dimensions and the $EQ-5D_{index}$ were analyzed with regard to demographic and socioeconomic factors such as sex, age, income, and education. In addition, visual analogue scales (VAS) were used to evaluate the overall health related quality of life issues of the respondents. The level of health related quality of life of the general adult population was then compared with the results from the third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and other countries. There were a small number of people with problems related tomobility, self-care, and usual activity. In addition, many people complained ofpain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. The complaint rate in each dimension, VAS, and $EQ-5D_{index}$ indicated relatively better states for males, the younger group, the higher income group, and the higher education group. In addition, the level of health related quality of life of the general population of Ulsan was relatively higher than that of Koreans nationwide as well as the populations of other countries. EQ-SD provided a valid measure of the health-related quality of life of the general adult population. In addition, the results of a survey of Ulsan revealed that the quality of life of its population is better than that of the overall population of Korea and of the populations of other countries.