• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-197
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• 1988

Measurement of gastric emptying rate has been performed by a variety of techniques. Nuclear medicine method is a major advance in the quantitative evaluation of gastric function and also of pharmacologic intervention. Normal gastric emptying rate was measured in 48 healthy volunteers using live chicken liver labeled with $^{99m}Tc-Tin$ Colloid as a solid phase marker. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the labeling efficiency and stability in hydrochloric acid and in human gastric juice of intracellularly labeled chicken liver. Anterior image counts only were compared with the geometric mean of anterior and posterior counts in 12 healthy volunteers who were studied by both anterior count and posterior count. The results were as follows: 1) The labeling efficiency in gastric juice and hydrochloric acid were $95.5{\pm}1.23%,\;95.7{\pm}1.15%$, respectively. 2) Half gastric emptying time by anterior count only was $126{\pm}21$ minutes 3) Although standard deviation of geometric mean method was smaller than anterior count method, gastric emptying curves from both method were similar. In daily practice, anterior count method may be useful alternative to geometric mean method in evaluation of gastric emptying rate.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of BODUOPAE-SAN(BOS), experiments were performed on analgesic effect induced by acetic acid, duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital-Na in mice and gastric ucler in Shay rats and indomethacin induced gastric ulcer, HCI-ethanol induced gastrci lesion in rats and gastric juice secretion in Shay rats. The results are as followings. 1. BOS showed significantly an analgesic effect induced by acetic acid. 2. BOS prolonged the duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital-Na in rats 3. BOS rised the spontaneous motility of isolatied ileum of mice temporarily. 4. BOS depressed the gastric motility of rats significantly. 5. BOS showed an anti-ulcer effect in Shay rats and indometacine-induced ulcer rats significantly. 6. BOS reduced the ulcer index of the HCl-ethanol induced gastric lesion in rats. 7. BOS reduced the gastric juice secretion in Shay rats. From above results think BOS is more effective in comparison to the OPAESAN alone on gastrointestinal disorder.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of cirsilineol in hydrochloric acid (HCl)/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Cirsilineol was administered at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg in HCl/ethanol-induced rats. The gastroprotective ability was verified by determining the ulcer score, total acidity, hemoglobin, inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxides, and enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in gastric tissue and serum biochemical analysis. The results showed a favorable increase in the hemoglobin level, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), restored electrochemical balance (carbon dioxide & anion gap) while a noticeable decrease in ulcer index, total acidity, lipid peroxides, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in rats treated with the cirsilineol. The serum biochemical analysis on liver markers (alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase), kidney markers (urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, total protein), and lipid profile (triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol) were attenuated by cirsilineol treatment in rats. Histopathology showed enhanced gastric protection and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa upon cirsilineol administration. These results ultimately suggest that cirsilineol has gastroprotective effects that prevent the development of gastric ulcer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2000

Gastric acid resistance of aerobic Lactobacilli and anaerobic Bifidohacteria in commercial 19 drink and 18 liquid yogurts in Korea was investigated after exposure to simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5). The initial survival of Lactobacilli in commercial drink and liquid yogurts was $10^8~10^{10}$ cfulml and $10^6~10^{10}$cfdml, respectively. On the other hand, the initial survival of Bifidobacteria in commercial drink yogurts was ($10^6~10^{10}$cfulml. The survival of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in some commercial drink and liquid yogurts drastically changed depending on the type of commercial products when exposed to simulated gastric fluid for 120 min (<$10^3~10^6$ cfulml). Their survival decreased as a function of time in the simulated gastric fluid. In the case of drink yogurt containing Bifidobacteria-loaded capsu1es;the survival of Bifidobactena in only Mi after excluding capsules was similar to other commercial drink yogurts after exposure to gastric fluid for 30-120 min (ca. TEX>$10^5$ cfulml). However, the survival of Bifidobacteria in capsules was greatly enhanced due to their stability in low pH condition (>$10^8$ cfulml). The drink yogut containing Bifidobacteria-loaded capsules showed about 10-737 times higher survival in the gastric fluid for 120 min when compared to other commercial drink yogurts. It was evident that the gastric acid resistance of Bifidobacteria could be increased when encapsulated.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1998

This study was designed to determine biochemical and pharmacological properties of a newly synthesized benzimidazole derivative, 2-amino-4, 5-dihydropyrido [1, 2-a] thiazolo [5, 4-g] benzimidazole (YJA20379-5) in vitro and in vivo. In the leaky membrane vesicles of pig gastric mucosa, YJA20379-5 inhibited the $K^+$-stimulated $H^+$, $K^+$-ATPase activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ values being $43{\mu}\textrm{M}$ and $43{\mu}\textrm{M}$ at pH 6.4 and 7.4, respectively. YJA20379-5, given intraduodenally, had a potent inhibitory effect on the gastric acid secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. The $ED_{50}$ value for acid secretion was 15.4 mg/kg. YJA20379-5, administered orally, also suppressed gastric damages induced by water-immersion stress, indomethacin and ethanol, and duodenal damage induced by mepirizole in rats; the $ED_{50}$ values were 17.6, 4.7, 3.0 and 18.7 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, repeated oral administration of YJA20379-5 accelerated the spontaneous healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. It is concluded that the a-ntisecretory activity of YJA20379-5 appears to be associated with inhibition of $H^+$, $K^+$-ATPase, while its antigastric and antiduodenal lesion activities are primarily related to the antisecretory effect.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects of the propolis extract and fractions on the gastric lesion and ulcer. The ethanol extract was fractionated with hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate. Followed by bioassay on antigastric and antiulcer activity. Propolis ethanol extracts(500, 750, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg/kg) showed the protective effect on HCl·ethanol-induced gastric lesion and the antisecretory effect against Shay’s gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats in a dose related manner. In the animal models of HCl·ethanol, aspirin-induced gastric lesion and Shay’s gastric secretion, the hexane and toluene fraction of propolis significantly reduced the length of gastric lesion and the acid secretion. These data showed that the gastric protective effects of propolis might result from reduction of acid secretion through the inactivation of H+/K+ATPase activity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.263-266
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• 2005

Five strains out of tweeny four strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Mul-Kimchi showed a resistance in the artificial gastric juice. These lactic acid bacteria were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum species. In particular, lactobacilli MUL-2, MUL-4 and MUL-18 showed a strong resistance and their viable cell counts of the initial stage were not changed after the 3 h cultivation in the artificial gastric juice. The isolated lactic acid bacteria showed the antimicrobial effect against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, and Salmonella typhimurium in the paper disc method.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

Bifidobacteria are probiotic organisms that provide both flavor and health benefits when incorporated as live cultures into commercial dairy products. Because bifidobacteria are very sensitive to environmental conditions (acids, temperature, oxygen, bile salts, the presence of other cultures, etc.), their viability in human gastrointestinal tract is limited. The microencapsulation of bifidobacteria is a process to protect them against harsh environmental conditions, thereby increasing their viability while passing through human gastrointestinal tract. To confirm the survival rate of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium breve CBG-C2 in milk, their survival rate was compared with several kinds of free bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in commercial yogurt products under simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions. Double-microencapsulation of the bacteria was employed to increase the survival rate during digestion. The outer layer was covered with starch and gelatin to endure gastric conditions, and the inner layer was composed of a hard oil for the upper small intestinal regions. Almost all microencapsulted bifidobacteria in the milk survived longer than the free bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the commericial yogurt products under the simulated gastric conditions. Numbers of surviving free bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the commercial products were significantly reduced, however, the viability of the microencapsulated bificobacteria in the milk remained quite stable under gastric and small intestine conditions over 3$\sim$6 hrs. Thus double-microencapsualtion of bifidobacteria in milk is a promising method for improving the survival of bifidobacteria during the digestive process.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2002

The effects of the dried stem powder of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (OF-s) were investigated on gastric lesion and ulcer models in rats. It showed significant inhibition in HCl·ethanolinduced gastric lesion at the doses of 200 and 600 mg/kg p.o. and in HCl·aspirin-induced gastric lesion at 600 mg/kg p.o. OF-s also showed significant inhibition in indomethacin-induced gastric lesion at the doses of 200 and 600 mg/kg, p.o. However, it did not affect both the aspirin-induced and Shay ulcers in rats. It also did not affect gastric juice secretion, acid output and pH. These data indicate that OF-s only possesses pronounced inhibitory action on gastric lesion without antiulcer activity in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.449-453
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• 2004

Effect of pre-treatment with hot water extract of marine brown alga Sargassum polycystum C.Ag. (100 mg/kg body wt, orally for period of 15 days) on HCI-ethanol (150 mM of HCI-etha-not mixture containing 0.15 N HCI in $70\%$ v/v ethanol given orally) induced gastric mucosal injury in rats was examined with respect to lipid peroxides, antioxidant enzyme status, acid/pepsin and glycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The levels of lipid peroxides of gastric mucosa and volume, acidity of the gastric juice were increased with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes and glycoproteins were observed in HCI-ethanol induced rats. The rats pre-treated with seaweed extract prior to HCI-ethanol induction reversed the depleted levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced the elevated levels of lipid peroxides when compared with HCI-ethanol induced rats. The levels of glycoproteins and alterations in the gastric juice were also maintained at near normal levels in rats pre-treated with seaweed extract. The rats given seaweed extract alone did not show any toxicity, which was confirmed by histopathological studies. These results suggest that the seaweed extract contains some anti-ulcer agents, which may maintain the volume/acidity of gastric juice and improve the gastric mucosa antioxidant defense system against HCI-ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats.