• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.18 no.6 s.91
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• pp.16-24
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to improve the defects of chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon by ECH and to describe the change of hand of chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon fabrics. The chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon were manufactured by crosslinking process using ECH as crosslinking agent, 2 wt% aqueous acetic acid as a solvent of chitosan and ECH, and 20 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide as crosslinking catalyst. Viscose rayon were first immersed in the pad bath of the mixed solution of chitosan and ECH, padded up to 100 wt% wet pick-up on weight of fiber(owf), precured on pin frames at $130^{\circ}C$ for 2 minutes, immersed in NaOH solution and finally wash and dry. Antimicrobial properties of the viscose rayon treated with chitosan were measured by the shake flask C.T.M. 0923 test method with staphylococcus aureus(ATCC 6538) as the microorganism. When the concentration of chitosan was increased chitosan crosslinked viscose rayon's LT, WT, B, 2HB and MIU were increased and G, 2HG, SMD, T and $T_m$ were decreased. On the other hand, WT, EM were decreased and RT was increased at $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ ECH. The optimum condition for crosslinking was that ECH concentration was between $1{\times}10^{-2}M\;and\;5{\times}10^{-2}M$. Antimicrobial effects of rayon fabric treated with chitosan was excellent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.244-252
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• 2008

This research differentiate the technique of Jungkwon-jirugi, one of the basic movements of Taekwondo, into two movements stop-jirugi and push-jirugi and gives analysis of the impulse, acceleration and velocity in the point of motor control. For this, we tried graphic analysis using an acceleration sensor and high speed camera which was made from USA in 2005 and took pictures at 250 frames per second. We reached the following conclusions. First, the acceleration wave of push-jirugi was a period longer than stop-jirugi, meaning that the push-jirugi motion asserts force for a longer time. Second, the acceleration and velocity graph shows that the highest velocity occurs on the point when the acceleration begins to decrease right after reaching its maximum. Third, according to the image analysis using the high speed camera, we could find out that the shoulder is pushed a little even in the stop-jirugi motion.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2000

Nucleotide sequence extending 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase gene (pcbC) and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate hydrolase gene (pcbD) of Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12 was previously analyzed and the two genes were present in the order of pcbD-pcbC preceded by a promoter from Pseudomonas sp. DJ-12. In this study, a 3.8-kb nucleotide sequence located downstream of the pcbC gene was analyzed to have three open reading frames (ORFs) that are designated as orf1, pcbE and orf2 genes. All of the ORFs were preceded by each ribosome-binding sequence of 5-GGAXA-3 (X=G or A). However, no promoter-like sequence and transcription terminator sequence were found in the analyzed region, downstream of pcbC gene. Therefore, the gene cluster appeared to be present in the order of pcbD-pcbC-orf1-pcbE-orf2 as an operon, which is unique organization characterized so far in biphenyl- and PCB-degrading bacteria. The orf1 gene was composed of 1,224 base pairs which can encode a polypeptide of molecular weight 44,950 containing 405 amino acid residues. A deduced amino acid sequence of the orf1 gene product exhibited 21-33％ identity with those of indole dioxygenase and phenol hydroxylase components. The pcbE gene was composed of 783 base pairs encoding 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate hydratase involved in the 4-chlorobiphenyl catabolism. The orf2 gene was composed of 1,017 base pairs encoding a polypeptide of molecular weight 37,378 containing 338 amino acid residues. A deduced amino acid sequence of the orf2 gene product exhibited 31％ identity with that of a nitrilotriacetate monooxygenase component.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.742-753
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• 2012

Copper-containing compounds are introduced into the environment through agricultural chemicals, mining, and metal industries and cause severe detrimental effects on ecosystems. Certain microorganisms exposed to these stressors exhibit molecular mechanisms to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis and avoid toxicity. We have previously reported that the soil bacterial isolate Achromobacter sp. AO22 is multi-heavy metal tolerant and exhibits a mer operon associated with a Tn21 type transposon. The present study reports that AO22 also hosts a unique cop locus encoding copper homeostasis determinants. The putative cop genes were amplified from the strain AO22 using degenerate primers based on reported cop and pco sequences, and a constructed 10,552 base pair contig (GenBank Accession No. GU929214). BLAST analyses of the sequence revealed a unique cop locus of 10 complete open reading frames, designated copSRABGOFCDK, with unusual separation of copCD from copAB. The promoter areas exhibit two putative cop boxes, and copRS appear to be transcribed divergently from other genes. The putative protein CopA may be a copper oxidase involved in export to the periplasm, CopB is likely extracytoplasmic, CopC may be periplasmic, CopD is cytoplasmic/inner membrane, CopF is a P-type ATPase, and CopG, CopO, and CopK are likely copper chaperones. CopA, B, C, and D exhibit several potential copper ligands and CopS and CopR exhibit features of two-component regulatory systems. Sequences flanking indicate the AO22 cop locus may be present within a genomic island. Achromobacter sp. strain AO22 is thus an ideal candidate for understanding copper homeostasis mechanisms and exploiting them for copper biosensor or biosorption systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.555-560
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• 2003

Korean High Speed Train(KHST) has been tested on the high speed test line in Osung site of Korea High Speed Rail Construction Authority (KHRC). since it was developed as G7 Project Plan In 2002. This paper introduces the dynamic test devices in KHST and shows the comparison between the results of test and theoretical computing results which derive from the new model for KHST dynamic behavior. Previous computer simulation model for KHST was developed to review wether the vehicle system was satisfied with the dynamic performance requirements during the design procedure. But It should be applied the results of the parts test for suspension elements in order to compare between the results of computation and real test. Using VAMPIRE Program made by AEA Technology in UK. the new model also was modified. This paper shows that the static wheel loads calculated from new model is similar to test results. For test on high speed line, we prepared the test devices for evaluating the dynamic performances. which was consisted of the accelerometers( based on Kisler Co.) and the data aquisition systems (based on National instrument Co.), and test program coded by LabView 6i program. These lest devices and programs are flexible to extension the channels for adding sensors and connect to the ethernet network. The acceleration of car bodies, bogie frames and axle boxes were compared between the results of computation and test at 150km/. This paper shows that the results of test were high in high frequency band range but similar frequency band range. It might be considered that these differences were caused by the test which did not performed at constant speed for comparison analysis. Also. It will be able to understand the differences and make better results through a lot of tests planed in future.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.595-614
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• 2019

In cold-formed steel (CFS) structures, such as trusses, transmission towers and portal frames, the use of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections are becoming increasingly popular. In such an arrangement, intermediate welds or screw fasteners are required at discrete points along the length, preventing the angle sections from buckling independently. Limited research is available in the literature on axial strength of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections. The issue is addressed herein. This paper presents an experimental investigation on both the welded and screw fastened back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections under axial compression. The load-axial shortening and the load verses lateral displacement behaviour along with the deformed shapes at failure are reported. A nonlinear finite element (FE) model was then developed, which includes material non-linearity, geometric imperfections and modelling of intermediate fasteners. The FE model was validated against the experimental test results, which showed good agreement, both in terms of failure loads and deformed shapes at failure. The validated FE model was then used for the purpose of a parametric study to investigate the effect of different thicknesses, lengths and, yield stresses of steel on axial strength of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections. Five different thicknesses and seven different lengths (stub to slender columns) with two different yield stresses were investigated in the parametric study. Axial strengths obtained from the experimental tests and FE analyses were used to assess the performance of the current design guidelines as per the Direct Strength Method (DSM); obtained comparisons show that the current DSM is conservative by only 7% on average, while predicting the axial strengths of back-to-back built-up CFS unequal angle sections.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.601-615
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• 2019

In cold-formed steel (CFS) structures, such as trusses, wall frames and columns, the use of back-to-back built-up CFS angle sections are becoming increasingly popular. In such an arrangement, intermediate fasteners are required at discrete points along the length, preventing the angle-sections from buckling independently. Limited research is available in the literature on the axial strength of back-to-back built-up CFS angle sections. The issue is addressed herein. This paper presents the results of 16 experimental tests, conducted on back-to-back built-up CFS screw fastened angle sections under axial compression. A nonlinear finite element model is then described, which includes material non-linearity, geometric imperfections and explicit modelling of the intermediate fasteners. The finite element model was validated against the experimental test results. The validated finite element model was then used for the purpose of a parametric study comprising 66 models. The effect of fastener spacing on axial strength was investigated. Four different cross-sections and two different thicknesses were analyzed in the parametric study, varying the slenderness ratio of the built-up columns from 20 to 120. Axial strengths obtained from the experimental tests and finite element analysis were used to assess the performance of the current design guidelines as per the Direct Strength Method (DSM); obtained comparison showed that the DSM is over-conservative by 13% on average. This paper has therefore proposed improved design rules for the DSM and verified their accuracy against the finite element and test results of back-to-back built-up CFS angle sections under axial compression.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.533-548
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• 2020

Despite the current technologic developments, failures in existent tensile fabric structures (TFS) subjected to wind do happen. However, design pressure coefficients are only obtained for large projects. Moreover, studies on TFSs with realistic supporting frames, comparing static and dynamic analyses and discussing the design implications, are lacking. In this study, fluid-Structure analyses of a TFS supported by masts and inclined cables, by subjecting it to different wind speeds, are carried out, to gain more understanding in the above-referred aspects. Wind-induced stresses in the fabric and axial forces in masts and cables are assessed for a hypar by using computational fluid dynamics. Comparisons are carried out versus an equivalent static analysis and also versus loadings deemed representative for design. The procedure includes the so-called form-finding, a finite element formulation for the TFS and the fluid formulation. The selected structure is deemed realistic, since the supporting frame is included and the shape and geometry of the TFS are not uncommon. It is found that by carrying out an equivalent static analysis with the determined pressure coefficients, differences of up to 24% for stresses in the fabric, 5.4% for the compressive force in the masts and 21% for the tensile force in the cables are found with respect to results of the dynamic analysis. If wind loads commonly considered for design are used, significant differences are also found, specially for the reactions at the supporting frame. The results in this study can be used as an aid by designers and researchers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2023

A cryptic plasmid (pTH32) was characterized from Tetragenococcus halophilus 32, an isolate from jeotgal, Korean traditional fermented seafood. pTH32 is 3,198 bp in size with G+C content of 35.84%, and contains 4 open reading frames (ORFs). orf1 and orf2 are 456 bp and 273 bp in size, respectively, and their translation products showed 65.16% and 69.35% similarities with RepB family plasmid replication initiators, respectively, suggesting the rolling-circle replication (RCR) mode of pTH32. orf3 and orf4 encodes putative hypothetical protein of 186 and 76 amino acids, respectively. A novel Tetragenococcus-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pMJ32E (7.3 kb, Em^r), was constructed by ligation of pTH32 with pBluescript II KS(+) and an erythromycin resistance gene (ErmC). pMJ32E successfully replicated in Enterococcus faecalis 29212 and T. halophilus 31 but not in other LAB species. A pepA gene, encoding aminopeptidase A (PepA) from T. halophilus CY54, was successfully expressed in T. halophilus 31 using pMJ32E. The transformant (TF) showed higher PepA activity (49.8 U/mg protein) than T. halophilus 31 cell (control). When T. halophilus 31 TF was subculturd in MRS broth without antibiotic at 48 h intervals, 53.8% of cells retained pMJ32E after 96 h, and only 2.4% of cells retained pMJ32E after 14 days, supporting the RCR mode of pTH32. pMJ32E could be useful for the genetic engineering of Tetragenococcus and Enterococcus species.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.78.1-78.1
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• 2019

There are a huge number of faint objects that have not been observed due to the lack of large and deep surveys. In this study, we demonstrate that a deep learning approach can produce a better quality deep image from a single pass imaging so that could be an alternative of conventional image stacking technique or the expensive large and deep surveys. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) stripe 82 which provide repeatedly scanned imaging data, a training data set is constructed: g-, r-, and i-band images of single pass data as an input and r-band co-added image as a target. Out of 151 SDSS fields that have been repeatedly scanned 34 times, 120 fields were used for training and 31 fields for validation. The size of a frame selected for the training is 1k by 1k pixel scale. To avoid possible problems caused by the small number of training sets, frames are randomly selected within that field each iteration of training. Every 5000 iterations of training, the performance were evaluated with RMSE, peak signal-to-noise ratio which is given on logarithmic scale, structural symmetry index (SSIM) and difference in SSIM. We continued the training until a GAN model with the best performance is found. We apply the best GAN-model to NGC0941 located in SDSS stripe 82. By comparing the radial surface brightness and photometry error of images, we found the possibility that this technique could generate a deep image with statistics close to the stacked image from a single-pass image.