• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2006

The form of furcation influence both the pathogenesis of periodontal destruction and therapeutic results. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of root trunk length on clinical outcomes of guided tissue regeneration. Total 30 mandibular first molars were evaluated in this study. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical defect depth and horizontal defect depth were measured at baseline and 6 month after GTR. Correlation coefficients between root trunk length and other clinical measurement were analyzed. The results of this study were as follows 1. The mean root trunk length in lower 1st molar was 2.15 mm. 2. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, vertical defect depth and horizontal defect depth were significantly reduced at 6 month postoperatively compared to values of baseline 3. Correlation coefficient between root trunk length and vertical defect depth at baseline was 0.406 showing the positive correlation 4. Correlation coefficient between root trunk length and horizontal defect depth at baseline was -0.463 showing the negative correlation. 5. Correlation coefficient between root trunk length and decrease of horizontal defect depth after GTR was 0.654 showing the positive correlation. In conclusion, the root trunk length maybe effector for clinical outcome after guided tissue regeneration.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.673-693
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• 1994

Most adults, unlike growing children, have some periodontal problems which can influence the outcome of the orthodontic treatment. In cases where periodontal disease progression resulted in marked reduction of periodontium, orthodontic treatment could result in the worsening of the periodontal conditions, and therefore orthodontic treatment planning in such adult patients requires special considerations for the periodontal problems. This study investigates the effects of horizontal orthodontic tooth movement on the changes in the mesial, distal and furcation areas of the disease affected periodontium of adult dogs with advanced bone loss. Six adult dogs with healthy periodontium were selected, and mandibular 2nd premolars were extracted. In the mandibular 3rd premolars, angular bony defects in the mesial and distal sides, and horizontal bony defects in the furcation areas were created. Those that received the flap operation and plaque control were designated as the control, those that had horizontal tooth movement without plaque control after the flap operation as Experimental group I, those that had horizontal tooth movement under plaque control without the flap operation as Experimental group II, and those that had horizontal tooth movement under plaque control after the flap operation as Experimental group III. The control group was sacrificed 2 months postoperatively, and the experimental groups were sacrificed 5 months after the initiation of tooth movement. Specimens were histologically analyzed under light microscope. The results were as follows; 1. After the horizontal tooth movements, Experimental group I and II showed angular bony defects in the mesial sides of the roots and the distal side of the furcation areas, which correspond to the pressure sides. 2. After the horizontal tooth movements, Experimental group I and II showed decreased level of alveolar bone crest in the distal sides of the roots, which correspond to the tension sides. 3. Long junctional epithelium in the control group has not been replaced by periodontal connective tissue after the horizontal tooth movements. 4. Limited formation of new bone was observed in the angular bony defects in the mesial and distal aspects of the roots in the control group. 5. Inflammatory cell infiltration in the connective tissue was most severe in the Experimental group I, followed by Experimental group II, III, and the control group in that order. These results seem to indicate that plaque control was the most influencing factor in the alteration of the periodontal tissue after the horizontal tooth movements in the periodontal tissue with alveolar bone defects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.967-987
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• 1996

The present study was to evaluate the healing patterns of guided tissue regeneration( GTR) using resorbable $Vicryl^{(R)}$(polyglactin 910) mesh and nonresorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE) membrane with or without bone grafting using autogeneous bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDBA) in the grade II furcation defects. Mucoperiosteal flaps were reflected buccally in the mandibular 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolar areas and furcation defects were created surgically by removing $5{\times}6mm$ alveolar bone in 4 dogs. Root surfaces were thoroughly debrided of periodontal ligament and cementum, and notches were placed on root surface at the most apical bone level. In the right and left mandibular quadrant, each tooth was received $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh(ACE Surgical Supply Co., USA) only, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with DFDBA, $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh with autogeneous bone grafts, ePTFE membrane($Core-tex^{(R)}$ membrane, W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., USA) only, ePTFE membrane with DFDBA or ePTFE membrane with autogeneous bone grafts. For the fluorescent microscopic examination, fluorescent agents were injected at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Four weeks after surgery, 2 dogs were sacrificed and ePTFE membranes were removed from remaining 2 dogs, which were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified tissues were embedded in methylmethacrylate and $10{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut in a buccolingual direction. These sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain and Masson's trichrome stain, and evaluated by descriptive histology and linear measurements. The results were as follows : 1) $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh group showed less connective tissue attachment than ePTFE membrane group. 2) The combination of GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh and osseous grafts resulted in new attachment and new bone formation more than GTR using $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh only. 3) GTR using ePTFE membrane, with or without osseous grafts, enhanced periodontal regeneration. 4) Root resorption and dentoalveolar ankylosis were observed in the areas treated with the combination of GTR and DFDBA. It was suggested that the effect of adjunctive bone grafting in GTR procedure depends on the materials and the physical properties of barrier membranes. $Vicryl^{(R)}$ mesh performed a barrier function and the use of adjunctive bone grafting may enhance the periodontal regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1994

Dental calculus which is calcifing and/or calcified dental plaque is divided into supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus according to the position of deposit to gingival margin. Subgingival calculus has more important clinical significance in diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease than supragingival calculus. In order to investigate the deposition pattern of subgingival calculus on each root surface of different tooth type, extracted 192 teeth due to excessive destruction of periodontal tissue were divided according to tooth type and the deposition pattern of subgingival calculus was classified into linear type, veneer type, scattered type, and aggregated type according to the configuration and the extent of deposit. The difference of percentage between each deposition pattern was statistically analyzed by Chi-Square test. Following results were obtained : l. In maxillary incisors, linear type and aggregated type were predominant deposition pattern of subgingival calculus on labial(45.5%, 36.4%) and palatal(36.4%, 36.4%) root surface, aggreated type(72.7%) was on mesial surface, and aggregated type(54.5%) and scattered type(36.4%) was on distal suface. 2. In mandibular incisors, scattered type, linear type and aggregated type were predominant deposition pattern of subgingival calculus on labial(33.3%, 30.6%, 27.8%) and lingual(36.1%, 30.6%, 25.0%) root surface, aggregated type(33.3%), scattered type(27.8% ), and veneer type(27.8%) were on mesial surface, and aggregated type(38.9%) and scattered type(33.3%) on distal surface. 3. In maxillary peremolars, the predominant deposition patterns of subgingival calculus were linear type(28.6%) on buccal root suface, scattered type(35.7%) and linear type(28.6%) on palatal surface, scattered type(39.3%) on mesial surface, aggregated type(46.4%) on distal surface, and aggregated type(53.6%) on furcation area. 4. In mandibular premolars, scattered type was predominant deposition pattern of subgingival calculus on buccal(39.3%) and lingual(50.0%) root surface, scattered type(32.1%) and aggregated type(32.1% ) were on mesial surface, and aggregated type(42.9%) was on distal surface. 5. In maxillary molars, aggregated type(40.0%) and scattered type(32.5%) were predominat deposition pattern of subgingival calculus on buccal root surface, aggregated type was on distal(40.0%) and furcation area(50.0%), but there was no predominat pattern on palatal and mesial root surfaces. 6. In mandibular molars, aggregated type(39.5%) and scattered type(28.9%) were predominant deposition patterns of subgingival calculus on buccal root surface, aggregated type(36.8%) was on lingual surface, linear type(39.5%) and aggregated type(34.2%) were on furcation area, but there was no predominant pattern on mesial and distal root surfaces.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2008

Purpose: Periodontal intrabony defects have great deal of importance since they contribute to the development of periodontal disease. Current treatment regimens for intrabony defects involve grafting of numerous bony materials, GTR using biocompatible barriers, and biomodification of root surface that will encourage the attachment of connective tissue. Xenograft using deproteinized bovine bone particles seems to be very convenient to adjust because it doesn't require any donor sites or imply the danger of cross infections. These particles are similar to human cancellous bone in structure and turned out to be effective in bone regeneration in vivo. We here represent the effectiveness of grafting deproteinized bovine bone particles in intrabony defect and furcation involvements that have various numbers of bony walls. Materials and methods: Open flap debridement was done to remove all root accretions and granulation tissue from the defects within persisting intrabony lesions demonstrating attachment loss of over 6mm even 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal therapy have been completed. Deproteinized bovine bone particles($BBP^{(R)}$, Oscotec, Seoul) was grafted in intrabony defects to encourage bone regeneration. Patients were instructed of mouthrinses with chlorohexidine-digluconate twice a day and to take antibiotics 2-3 times a day for 2 weeks. They were check-up regularly for oral hygiene performance and further development of disease. Probing depth, level of attachment and mobility were measured at baseline and 6 months after the surgery. The radiographic evidence of bone regenerations were also monitored at least for 6 months. Conclusion: In most cases, radio-opacities increased after 6 months. 2- and 3-wall defects showed greater improvements in pocket depth reduction when compared to 1-wall defects. Class I & II furcation involvements in mandibular molars demonstrated the similar results with acceptable pocket depth both horizontally and vertically comparable to other intrabony defects. Exact amount of bone gain could not be measured as the re-entry procedure has not been available. With in the limited data based on our clinical parameter to measure pocket depth reduction following $BBP^{(R)}$ grafts, it was comparable to the results observed following other regeneration techniques such as GTR.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.201.1-201.1
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• 1992

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.199.2-199.2
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• 1992

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권9호
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• pp.574-585
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate the healing response around the root perforation restorative material. Materials and Methods : Four beagle dogs were used for experimental study. Endodontic treatment was performed at four maxillary premolars and artificial perforation was formed at furcation area of pulp chamber. Canal was filled with gutta percha cone and the perforation was sealed with MTA at group 1. At group 2, canal was filled and the perforation was sealed with dentin paste. Tooth paste was fabricated using extracted human teeth. Histologic examination of furcation area was performed 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after experiment. Results : New trabecular bone formation was observed around the MTA and tooth paste. Lamellar bone was observed as time is over. There were no inflammatory reaction in both groups. Conclusion : There is a possibility which endodontic filling material can be developed using extracted teeth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.569-584
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• 2000

In order to evaluate the effects of the early exposure of e-PTFE membrane on the periodontal regeneration, 21 cases of 21 patients diagnosed as the chronic adult periodontitis were evaluated. All were class II furcation involvement cases. The control group was composed of 7 cases treated only by the flap operation. 14 cases were treated by the e-PTFE membrane as the experimental group, the membranes of 7 cases were exposed more than 1mm during healing period, which were named as the experimental group I, and the others, experimental group II. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bone probing depth, and gingival recession were recorded before the treatment and 6 months after the treatment. The results were as follows. 1. Significant probing depth reductions were observed for all groups(p<0.05), but no group shows significantly greater reductions than another. 2. Significant clinical attachment gains were observed for the experimental group II(p<0.05), no significant gains were observed in the other groups. 3. Significant bone probing depth reductions were observed for the experimental group II(p<0.05), no significant reductions were observed in the other groups. 4. All but the experimental group II exhibited a significant increase in gingival recession(p<0.05). The result suggested that is case of the e-PTFE membrane is exposed, the result is similar to that of flap operation without membrane. Therefore selecting the proper treatment case, intricate surgical procedure and infection control are essential for minimizing the chance of membrane exposure and finally for the good treatment results.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.159-169
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• 1993

The thirty six mandibular second molars, which were extracted because of hopeless tooth due to advanced periodontal disease, were measured the length of mesial and distal root and the distance from cementoenamel junction to root separation. The molars were cross-sectioned every 1.5 milimeter from cementoenamel junction to root apex perpendicular to long axis and each section was photographed, projected and measured with a calibrated Digital Curvi-Meter(Com Curvi-8. Japan). The root surface area (RSA), percentage of the RSA and the linear variation of the RSA were calibrated for each 1. 5 mm section. The results were as follows. 1. The mean length of the roots was 12. 98mm for mesial root, 11.84 mm for distal root. The mesial root was longer than distal root.(p<0.01) 2. The mean distance from the cementoenamel junction to the point at which the root separate from the root trunk was 3.82mm for the buccal furcation and 4.75mm for lingual furcation. The buccal root separation was coronal than the lingual root separation.(p<0.01) 3. The total root surface area was $317.78mm^2$. 4. The mean surface area of the root trunk was $150.06mm^2$ and averaged 42.54% of the total root surface area. 5. The mean root surface area was $88.79\;mm^2$ for the mesial root, $78.93mm^2$ for distal root, The mesial root surface area was wider than the distal root surface area.(p<0.05) 6. In comparision, the mean root trunk surface area of the mandibular 2nd molar was wider than that of mandibular 1st molar(p<0.01), but each root of 2nd molar was smaller than that of 1st molar(p<0.01).