• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.230-241
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effects of a swallowing training program on swallowing function and depression for nursing home residents with dysphagia after stroke. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. The program (oro-facial muscle strengthening exercises, swallowing exercises, expiratory muscle strengthening exercises, and brain stimulation exercises) applied to the experimental group three times per week for eight weeks, 40-45 minutes for each intervention. The final data from 42 people (21 experimental and 21 control) were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 25.0 using descriptive statistics. 𝜒² test, t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Friedman test. Results: The experimental group was significantly improved than control group in oro-facial muscle strength, swallowing symptoms (Z=-2.22, p=.026), and oral intake function level (Z=-2.00, p=.046). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in depression. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that it reorganized and mediated a swallowing training program as a safe, non-invasive exercise that nurses can implement in a nursing facility with limited medical personnel and it could be easily followed by older adults.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.414-422
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• 2023

Hearing assessment is critical in dogs and cats. Hearing loss in dogs and cats may be congenital or secondary to a central nervous system disorder or ear disease. The brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) test has been developed as an electrophysiological test for auditory function assessment. Modern BAER equipment is based on a computerized system. Thus, auditory function assessment can be performed using this objective, safe, and noninvasive method. No study has yet investigated the interspecies differences between BAER test results of dogs and cats. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the differences in BAER test results between dogs and cats. The test was conducted on four healthy adult dogs and four healthy adult cats. Regarding latency, lower values were obtained for all waveforms above 50 dB in cats compared to dogs. Regarding amplitude, cats showed higher values than dogs at intensities above 50 dB. Through a comparative analysis in this study, it was concluded that the two species had statistically significant differences. The BAER data of dogs cannot be applied to cats, and vice versa.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.379-387
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• 2023

Dog owners seek treatment when their pets develop cancer. IMMUNIES is traditional herbal medicine-based figment made of 10 natural herbs, designed to maintain host immune function. The major component of IMMUNIES is Dendropanax morbiferus. This clinical pilot study monitored the toxicity and efficacy of IMMUNIES. Four senile dogs with spontaneously occurring mammary and liver cancers were enrolled in this study and treated orally daily for 3 months, and their blood/urine biochemical profiles were examined each month. IMMUNIES was well tolerated during the treatment period. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein levels decreased in all four dogs, whereas red blood cells and hematocrit were within the normal range. IMMUNIES also changed the expression of several molecular targets in the anticancer pathway, such as pro-NAG-1, p53, and cyclin D1. Although the tumors did not completely respond to IMMUNIES, the biochemical profiles and clinical examination showed a stabilized cancer status for 3 months. Thus, IMMUNIES was found to be safe and well-tolerated in the dosage range tested and exhibited cancer antiproliferative activity in canine cancer. Future studies should address other potential benefits of IMMUNIES, including correlative assessments of immune function, quality of life, and owner satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1308-1313
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• 2001

Object : The goals of radiosurgery include preservation of neurological function and prevention of tumor growth. We document the results of gamma-knife radio-surgery for vestibular schwannoma. Method & Object : Eighty-two patients underwent stereotactic radiosurgery for an vestibular schwannoma from October, 1994 to December, 2000. Sixty-five of these patients were followed up for radiological and clinical evaluation. As pregamma-knife modality, surgical resection were done in 23 patients,and V-P shunt in 2 patients. Initial symptoms were headache(n=45), dizziness(n=16), tinnitus(n=17). While normal facial function(House-Brackmann grade 1) was present in 48 patients(73.8%), other patients showed grade 2 function in 8, grade 3 function in 7,and grade 4 function in 2. The Gardner/Robertson scale was used to code hearing function. Male to female ratio was 1:3. Mean tumor volume was $7.98cm^3$. Mean dose delivered to the tumor margin was 14.2Gy,and mean maximal dose was 28.3Gy. Results : Mean follow-up duration of 19.9 months. Thirty-five showed decrease(53.8%) in size, 19 patients(29.2%) stationary, 3(4.6%) initial decrease follow up increase, 5(7.6%) initial increase follow up decrease,and 59 patients (90.8%) were well controlled. Two patients experienced transient facial neuropathy, one transient trigeminal neuropathy, and one transient hearing deterioration. After gamma-knife radiosurgery, ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done in 4 patients. Conclusions : Gamma-knife radiosurgery can be used to treat postoperative residual tumors as well as in patients with concomitant medical problems in patients with preserved hearing function. Gamma-knife radiosurgery is safe and effective method to treat small, medium sized(less than 3cm in extracanalicular diameter), intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma, associated with low rate of cranial neuropathy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 1992

The beam characteristics and dosimetric measurements of the 6MV X-ray and 6MeV electron beam from a ML-6M linear accelerator are examined. The Percent Depth Dose(PDD) table and the tissue Maximum Ratio(TMR) table are taken from measurement as a function of the field size and the depth. The calculated TMR table from PDD table is compared with those from measurement. Other beam characteristics such as output factor, beam profile(including flatness, symmetry and penumbra), wedge, and the variation of Dmax are presented. All of these dosimetric measurements sufficiently characterized the beam to permit safe clinical use.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1995.07c
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• pp.1220-1222
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• 1995

In the design of a complementary electrochromic windows based on $WO_3/Li^+$ conducting electrolyte/$V_2O_5$ system, a characterization of electrochromic properties of $WO_3/V_2O_5$ complementary devices as a function of thickness combinations is necessary in order to predict such as the safe operating voltage, the optical modulation range and the optical switching response. In this paper, the effects of $WO_3\;and\;V_2O_5$ thin films thickness combinations on device performance were systematically investigated.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.310-324
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• 2015

The stream cipher Salsa20 and its reduced versions are among the fastest stream ciphers available today. However, Salsa20/7 is broken and Salsa20/12 is not as safe as before. Therefore, Salsa20 must completely perform all of the four rounds of encryption to achieve a good diffusion in order to resist the known attacks. In this paper, a new variant of Salsa20 that uses the chaos theory and that can achieve diffusion faster than the original Salsa20 is presented. The method has been tested and benchmarked with the original Salsa20 with a series of tests. Most of the tests show that the proposed chaotic Salsa of two rounds is faster than the original four rounds of Salsa20/4, but it offers the same diffusion level.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.714-716
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• 2004

Owing to the environmental problems as well as increasing energy prices and power plant construction costs, many researches have been made for the safe operation of distributed generations. In order to be more popularly used in parallel with the distribution network, the distributed generation and its correlation with the power system should be exactly monitored at any time. This paper presents a monitoring system which displays the important states of the distributed generation in operation and stores various measurements of the system. The proposed system constructs a data-base for developing algorithms against any faults of the interconnected system, and monitors efficiently at any place with the communication network function.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.103-109
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• 2004

The obese population has been increasing over the world wide and obesity became a socioeconomic problems. It is become more serious by the accumulation of the knowledge that the obesity is related directly or indirectly with several diseases like, diabetes, hypertension, etc. With these reasons, many functional food or agents for the purpose of weight loss have been developed. However, most of these remedies are unproven and some have produced even dangerous side effects due to the ephedrine alkaloids contained in Ma-Hang. Because of these reasons, they banned using of these agents in US and regards the antiobesity functional agents as drugs in Europe. Several functional agents are known for weight loss activities like, HCA, L-canitine, CLA, chitosan, calcium supplements and capsaicin containing red pepper, kimchi and kochujang. We describe here about the function, efficacy and mechanism of these antiobesity functional agents. Furthermore, the trial of the mixture of weight loss related herbal ingredients for safe multifunctional antiobesity functional agents are discussed here, as well.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.5 no.3 s.16
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• pp.25-32
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• 2002

Structural and dynamic analyses of inducer and impeller for an oxidizer turbopump are peformed to investigate the safety level of strength and vibration at a design point. Due to high rotational speed of turbopump, effects of centrifugal forces are carefully considered in the structural analysis. Hydrodynamic pressure is also considered as an external force applied to inducer and impeller blades. A three-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM) is used for linear and nonlinear structural analyses with modified Newton-Raphson iteration method. After the nonlinear trim solution is obtained from the structural analysis, dynamic characteristics are obtained as a function of rotational speed from the linearized eigenvalue analysis at an equilibrium position. According to the results of numerical analysis, the safety margins of strength and vibration resonances are sufficient enough for safe operation within the requited life cycle.