• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.741-746
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• 2012

Transmission control protocol(TCP) widely used as a transport protocol in the Internet includes a loss recovery function that detects and recovers packet losses by retransmissions. The loss recovery function consists of the two algorithms; fast retransmit and fast recovery. There have been researches to avoid nonnecessary retransmission timeouts (RTOs), which leads to selective acknowledgement (SACK) option and limited transmit scheme that are standardized by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Recently, a method that covers the case in which a retransmitted packet is lost again has been propsed. The method, however, is not proved in terms of the additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) principle of TCP congestion control. In this paper, therefore, we analyzed the method in terms of the principle by ns-simulations.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.170-173
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• 2014

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in conjunction with task oriented training, on cortical excitability and upper extremity function recovery in stroke patients. This study was conducted with 31 subjects who were diagnosed as a hemiparesis by stroke. Participants in the experimental (16 members) and control groups (15 members) received rTMS and sham rTMS, respectively, during a 10 minutes session, five days per week for four weeks, followed by task oriented training during a 30 minutes session, five days per week for four weeks. Motor cortex excitability was performed by motor evoked potential and upper limb function was evaluated by motor function test. Both groups showed a significant increment in motor function test and amplitude, latency in motor evoked potential compared to pre-intervention (p < 0.05). A significant difference in post-training gains for the motor function test, amplitude in motor evoked potential was observed between the experimental group and the control group (p < 0.05). The findings of the current study demonstrated that incorporating rTMS in task oriented training may be beneficial in improving the effects of stroke on upper extremity function recovery.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.827-837
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• 1994

This paper presents robustness propertis of the Kalman Fiter and the associated LQG/LTR method for linear time-invariant output-delayed systems. It is shown that, even for minimum phase plants, the LQG/LTR method can not recover the target loop transfer function. Instead, an upper bound on the recovery error is obtained using an upper bound of the solution of the Kalman filter Riccati equations. Finally, some dual properties between output-delayed systems and input-delayed systems are exploited.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.116-124
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• 2006

Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in chronic pain and severe functional deficits. At the Dept. of Oriental Rehab. Medicine, we have used for pain control a herbal bath containing the following herbs: Harpagophytum radix, Atractylodes japonica and Corydalis tuber. In the present study, we investigated the effects of this herbal bath on the recovery rate of the locomotor function and the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vIPAG) region of the brain following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. In the present study, characteristic gait change with decreasing of the sciatic function index (SFI) was observed and c-Fos expression in the vIPAG was suppressed following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Immersion into herbal bath enhanced SFI value and restored c-Fos expression in the vIPAG to the control value. These results suggest the herbal bath might activate neurons in the vIPAG, and could facilitate functional recovery from peripheral nerve injury.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.427-439
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• 2022

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) often present with variable symptoms, making them difficult to diagnose, treat, and monitor. When neurologic compromise is inadequately assessed, suboptimal treatment decisions can result in lasting functional deficits. There are many available tools for evaluating pain and functional status of peripheral nerves. However, the literature lacks a detailed, comprehensive view of the data comparing the clinical utility of these modalities, and there is no consensus on the optimal algorithm for sensory and pain assessment in PNIs. We performed a systematic review of the literature focused on clinical data, evaluating pain and sensory assessment methods in peripheral nerves. We searched through multiple databases, including PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar, to identify studies that assessed assessment tools and explored their advantages and disadvantages. A total of 66 studies were selected that assessed various tools used to assess patient's pain and sensory recovery after a PNI. This review may serve as a guide to select the most appropriate assessment tools for monitoring nerve pain and/or sensory function both pre- and postoperatively. As the surgeons work to improve treatments for PNI and dysfunction, identifying the most appropriate existing measures of success and future directions for improved algorithms could lead to improved patient outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.979-983
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• 1988

Calcium channel blockers may prevent myocardial injury during cardioplegia and reperfusion. This study was done to evaluate the effects of diltiazem cardioplegia on myocardial protection during ischemic arrest and recovery of myocardial function after reperfusion. Four formulations of crystalloid cardioplegic solutions, GIK solution[group I, n=12], diltiazem[lug/ml GIK] in GIK solution[group II, n=7], ],diltiazem[2ug/ml GIK] in GIK solution[group III, n=6] and diltiazem[4ug/ml GIK] in GIK solution[group IV, n=6] were compared in isolated working rat heart subjected to a long period [2 hours] of hypothermic arrest with multi-dose infusion. Diltiazem cardioplegia[group II, III and IV]was found to be superior in nearly all aspects. Diltiazem cardioplegia showed faster recovery of regular rhythm and lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation than group I did. In comparing mechanical function in all experimental hearts, the mean postischemic recoveries of aortic flow, cardiac output, peak aortic pressure, stroke volume and stroke work[expressed as a percentage of its preischemic control] were significantly greater in group II, III and IV[diltiazem cardioplegia] than in group I. The infused amount of cardioplegic solution was more increased by the addition of diltiazem to GI K solution. [p < 0.01] Creatine kinase leakage tended to be lower in hearts receiving diltiazem cardioplegia, especially in group III and IV[p<0.05] than in those receiving GIK solution only[group I]. Diltiazem cardioplegia results in the increased flow of cardioplegic solution and the decreased ischemic injury of myocardium during ischemic arrest and the improved recovery of myocardial function after reperfusion, and a dose-response relation must be established before clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was investigated the effect of electroacupuncture stimulation on the change of blood biochemical components in the rat spinal cord injury(SCI) damaged by the 6-hydroxydopamine. Methods : SCI model rats were damaged in L1-L2 injected with 6-hydroxydopamine. The thirty Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were randomly divided into normal group, control group and electroacupuncture group. Experimental groups were applied as electroacupuncture(Es-160, ITO, Japan) for 15minutes during the low frequency(2 Hz) stimulation to zusanli. The enzyme concentration levels analysis of the hematological changes were measured of Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase(GOT), Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase(GPT), Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and motor function recovery change was evaluated by the rota-rod test. Results : This study were as follow : The concentration of GOT, LDH in experimental group was lower than control group(p<.05). The experimental group showed increase of motor function recovery more in compared to control group(p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study showed that electroacupuncture to zusanli point have an effect on functional recovery after the 6-hydroxydopamine induced SCI in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.111-115
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present fundamental information regarding clinical prognosis and clinical criteria for therapeutic intervention in stroke patients with focal pons infarction. Methods: Four stroke patients (male: 2, female: 2) who were diagnosed with pons infarction were recruited. All subjects had motor functions evaluated using methods such as the Motricity Index (MI), the Modified Brunnstrom Classification (MBC), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), and the Bathel Index (BI). Evaluations were done at least 4 times over a period that was approximately 8~11 months from stroke onset. We compared the final evaluation with the first evaluation. Results: All patients with focal pons infarction showed improvement with time in motor function. The physical strength of all patients was improved to normal or good grades from zero or trace grades in the Motricity Index test. Also, other motor functions such as ambulatory capacity and activities of daily living (ADL) improved with time. Conclusion: Aspects of functional recovery and clinical prognosis are clearly predictable for specific patients with focal pons infarction. In addition, adequate therapeutic interventions can be provided clinical criterion to patients, according to aspect of functional recovery. Accordingly, patients with pons infarction change for the better over time.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 2020

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve. Injury to the infraorbital nerve can be caused by trauma, including various facial fractures. Due to this nerve injury, patients complain of numbness and pain in the entire cheek, the ala of nose, and upper lip. In general, spontaneous sensory recovery is expected after decompressive surgery. If nerve transection is confirmed, however, neurorrhaphy is typically performed. Here, we present a case in which microsurgery was not performed in a patient with Sunderland grade V avulsion injury of the infraorbital nerve due to a facial bone fracture. Gradual nerve function recovery was confirmed to be possible with conservative treatment and rehabilitation alone. These findings suggest that the nerve function recovery can be expected with conservative treatment, even for severe nerve injury for which microsurgery cannot be considered.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.5103-5115
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• 2015

In radar imaging, a target is usually consisted of a few strong scatterers which are sparsely distributed. In this paper, an improved sparse signal recovery algorithm based on smoothed l₀ (SL0) norm method is proposed to achieve high resolution ISAR imaging with limited pulse numbers. Firstly, one new smoothed function is proposed to approximate the l₀ norm to measure the sparsity. Then a single loop step is used instead of two loop layers in SL0 method which increases the searching density of variable parameter to ensure the recovery accuracy without increasing computation amount, the cost function is undated in every loop for the next loop until the termination is satisfied. Finally, the new set of solution is projected into the feasible set. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the several popular methods both in terms of the reconstruction performance and computation time. Real data ISAR imaging obtained by the proposed algorithm is competitive to several other methods.