• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.651-665
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• 2003

To reduce cache misses emerges as the most important issue in today's situation of main memory databases, in which CPU speeds have been increasing at 60% per year, and memory speeds at 10% per year. Recent researches have demonstrated that cache-conscious index structure such as the CR-tree outperforms the R-tree variants. Its search performance can be poor than the original R-tree, however, since it uses a lossy compression scheme. In this paper, we propose alternatively a cache-conscious version of the R-tree, which we call MR-tree. The MR-tree propagates node splits upward only if one of the internal nodes on the insertion path has empty room. Thus, the internal nodes of the MR-tree are almost 100% full. In case there is no empty room on the insertion path, a newly-created leaf simply becomes a child of the split leaf. The height of the MR-tree increases according to the sequence of inserting objects. Thus, the HeightBalance algorithm is executed when unbalanced heights of child nodes are detected. Additionally, we also propose the CCMR-tree in order to build a more cache-conscious MR-tree. Our experimental and analytical study shows that the two-dimensional MR-tree performs search up to 2.4times faster than the ordinary R-tree while maintaining slightly better update performance and using similar memory space.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.271-321
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• 2002

Every year, many million of business transactions take place. Ocassionally, disagreements develop over these business transactions. Many of these disputes are resolved by mediation, arbitration and out-of-court settlement options. The American Arbitration Association(AAA) helps resolve a wide range of disputes through mediation, arbitration, elections and other out-of-court settlement procedures. The AAA offers a broad range of dispute resolution services to business executives, attorneys, individuals, trade associations, unions, management, consumers, families, communities, and all level of governments. The 198,491 cases composed of the 194,303 arbitration cases and the 4,188 mediation cases, were filed with the AAA in 2000. These case filings represent a full range of matters, including commercial finance, construction, labor and employment, environmental, health care, insurance, real state, securities, and technology disputes. The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB) does more than render arbitration services. It helps facilitate settlements and guarantee implementation thereof between trading partners at home and abroad involving disputes related to such areas as the sale of commodities, construction, joint venture agreements, technical assistance, agency agreements, and maritime transport. The 643 cases composed of the the 197 arbitration cases and the 446 mediation cases, were filed with the KCAB in 2001. There are some differences between the AAA and the KCAB regarding the number and the area of mediation and arbitration case filings, the breath of service offerings, the scope of alternative dispute resolution, and the education and training. In order to apply to the proceedings of the commercial mediation and arbitration, the AAA has the Commercial Mediation Rules, the Commercial Arbitration Rules, the Expedited Procedures, the Optional Procedures for Large, Complex Commerical Dispute, and the Optional Rules for Emergency Measures of Protection as amended and effective on September 1, 2000. In order to apply to the proceedings of commercial arbitration, the KCAB has the Arbitration Rules as amended by the Supreme Court on April 27, 2000, which have been changed to incorporate the revisions of the Arbitration Act that went into effect on December 31, 1999. There are some differences between the AAA's commercial Arbitration Rules and the KCAB's Arbitration Rules regarding the clauses of jurisdiction and administrative conference, number of arbitrators, communication with arbitrator, vacancies, preliminary hearing, exchange of information, oaths, evidence by affidavit and posthearing filing of documents or others, interim measures, serving of notice, form of award, scope of award, delivery of award to parties, modification of award, release of liability, administrative fees, neutral arbitrator's compensation, and expedited procedures. In conclusion, for the vitalization of KCAB and its ADR system, the following measures should be taken : the effective case management, the development of on0-line ADR, the establishment of ADR system of electronic commerce disputes, and the variety of dispute resolution rules in each expert field.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.4
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• pp.331-340
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• 2008

Feature Selection is one of methods to improve the classification accuracy of data in the field of machine learning. Many feature selection algorithms have been proposed and discussed for years. However, the problem of finding the optimal feature subset from full data still remains to be a difficult problem. Bio-inspired algorithms are well-known evolutionary algorithms based on the principles of behavior of organisms, and very useful methods to find the optimal solution in optimization problems. Bio-inspired algorithms are also used in the field of feature selection problems. So in this paper we proposed new improved bio-inspired algorithms for feature selection. We used well-known bio-inspired algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to find the optimal subset of features that shows the best performance in classification accuracy. In addition, we modified the bio-inspired algorithms considering the prior importance (prior relevance) of each feature. We chose the mRMR method, which can measure the goodness of single feature, to set the prior importance of each feature. We modified the evolution operators of GA and PSO by using the prior importance of each feature. We verified the performance of the proposed methods by experiment with datasets. Feature selection methods using GA and PSO produced better performances in terms of the classification accuracy. The modified method with the prior importance demonstrated improved performances in terms of the evolution speed and the classification accuracy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to develop an optimum SNP marker set to be utilized for domestic pork traceability. The study tested 51 SNP markers analyzed for origin of farm to be determined from genotypes of offspring and parents in pigs. With the simulation data through random mating population (PI), half sib mating population ($PI_{half-sib}$) and full sib mating population ($PI_{sibs}$), probability of identical genotypes were analyzed as $5.63{\times}10^{-33}$, $4.35{\times}10^{-15}$ and $1.32{\times}10^{-15}$, respectively. The 51 SNP markers also had 100% accuracy for parental determination. These results suggest that if the pig breeding stock is genotyped with the 51 SNP markers, the genotype information of individual offspring can be checked for farm origins by tracing parental sow and sire. Therefore, these SNP markers will be useful to trace the pork from production to consumption in pigs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the professors, who teach the dental hygiene program in Korea, their Awareness on authors determined among research ethics. Three hundred and six full time professors and four hundred and eighty four part time professors in seventy eight universities all around Korea were surveyed. The following are the results that the collected data was carried out statistical analysis by using SPSS 12.0 program. The results was as followed. 1. The present study's author makers, 95 respondents (55.6%) experienced advising professor and 67 respondents (39.2%) experienced personally. 2. As recognition about range and order decision of the authors, they expressed the biggest recognition that person who did the interpretation of the results or gave important information doesn't always become the first author of the article($2.81{\pm}.485$). 3. Between general characteristics and authorship recognition level, they were statistically significantly different with number of articles published as the first author(p<0.05). 4. Regarding the correlation between students who helped with collection of data and references also have the right to be the author of the research article and Person who did the rough draft translation also has the right to be the co-author of the research article had a statistically significant correlation of .433 which was the highest correlation factor (p<0.01). Conclusions, rules and regulations on research ethic should be more publicized through educational institutions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Industrialization and urbanization have led automobiles to transform into more than just modes of transportation; they have become daily necessities as well as extensions of living spaces where a variety of activities can be done and automotive applications of the latest information technology are accelerated. Though material abundance has increased in the modern society, the conflicts and the stress emerging from a social structure focused on competition have increased as well. Such lifestyles generate a need for personal space and media content for healing the body and the mind. This research explores the automotive application of video content with the goal of refreshing the minds of the passengers. To this end, previous studies have investigated the emotional effect of videos, focusing on the responses of diverse groups of adults (age group of 20 to 60) who frequently used automobiles, which had video displays installed in them. The results showed that watching video contents on a full window inside a car influenced the creation of positive feelings7 and emotional satisfaction. The research attempts to study the methods of providing video contents and the effects of watching them that could aid the emotional well-being of passengers, and presents the possibility of emotional satisfaction created by a convergence of cars and multimedia contents in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.163-171
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• 2003

To evaluate the performance of the digital radiography(DR) system developed in our group, the modulation transfer function(MTF) was measured and compared with that of an analog X- ray detector, film/screen system. The DR system has an amorphous selenium(a-Se) layer vacuum-evaporated on a TFT flat panel detector. The speed class 400 film/screen (Fuji) system has been being used in the clinical field as analog X-ray detectors. Both the square wave and slit method were used to evaluate their MTF. The square method was applied to both film/screen and the DR system. The slit method, however, was applied to only DR system. The full-width half maximum resolution of film/screen was 357${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(1.4 lp/mm at 50% spatial frequency), and the resolution of DR was limited to 200${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(2.5 lp/mm at 30%). These results indicate the measured resolution limitations approximate to the pixel pitch, 139 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of TFT. The MTF of DR is higher than that of film/screen by the factor of 1.785. It is proved that our a-Se based DR system has potential usefulness in the clinical field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1134-1142
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• 2008

Cationic amino acid transporter $b^{0,+}AT$ (HGMW-approved gene symbol SLC7A9, solute carrier family 7, member 9) plays a crucial role in amino acid nutrition. In the present study, we describe the cloning and sequencing of porcine $b^{0,+}AT$. Based on the sequence of porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ deposited in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnological Information), we identified a putative porcine homologue. Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), the full-length cDNA encoding porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ was isolated. The porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ cDNA was 1,680 bp long, encoding a 487 amino acid trans-membrane protein. The predicted amino acid sequence was found to have 88.9% and 87.1% identity with human and mouse $b^{0,+}AT$, respectively. Real-time RT-PCR indicated porcine $b^{0,+}AT$ transcripts expressed in heart, kidney, muscle and small intestine. The small intestine had the highest $b^{0,+}AT$ mRNA abundance while the muscle had the lowest (p<0.05). Along the longitudinal axis, the ileum had the highest $b^{0,+}AT$ mRNA abundance while the colon had the lowest (p<0.05). The $b^{0,+}AT$ mRNA level was highest on day 7 and 90 in the duodenum (p<0.05). It increased from day 1 to day 26 in the jejunum (p>0.05) and had the highest abundance on day 60 (p<0.05). There was, however, no difference between day 1, 7, 26, 30, 90 and 150 (p>0.05). The strongest $b^{0,+}AT$ expression appeared on day 7 in the ileum before weaning, and then decreased till day 30 but rose gradually again from day 60 to 150 (p<0.05).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

This study starts from interests on an endeavor of each economy unit, especially the enterprises, for the survival and sustainability of themselves. Competition, how to get it, maintain it and advance it! Agreeing the perceivedness of industries, scholars and public; what the core competition of manufacturer is an competitiveness of product, this study focuses on the PLM system as the key solution for obtaining the competitiveness of product with reviewing the contents and studies of PLM formulated. PLM is highlighted as the one of top tier ICT solution for the product development domain of manufacturing industry today. First of all, this study deals with the opinion of actual work-site and management of our small&medium business for the benefits of PLM based on product development; the impact on the performances of management, which is the key objective of the existence of enterprises. In conclusion, the answers for these questionnaires shows positive perception of actual work-sites and managers for the PLM system. They agree some useful effects on shortening the term and downsizing the cost of product development due to Data integration and Process management, even if they have not full confidence on the effectiveness of the individual functionality of the PLM system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.5 s.335
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

The architecture and the implementation details of a UTMI(USB2.0 Transceiver Macrocell Interface) compatible USB2.0 transceiver chip were presented. To confirm the validation of the incoming data in noisy channel environment, a squelch state detector and a current mode Schmitt-trigger circuit were proposed. A current mode output driver to transmit 480Mbps data on the USB cable was designed and an on-die termination(ODT) which is controlled by a replica bias circuit was presented. In the USB system using plesiochronous clocking, to compensate for the frequency difference between a transmitter and a receiver, a synchronizer using clock data recovery circuit and FIFO was designed. The USB cable was modeled as the lossy transmission line model(W model) for circuit simulation by using a network analyzer measurements. The USB2.0 PHY chip was implemented by using 0.25um CMOS process and test results were presented. The core area excluding the IO pads was $0.91{\times}1.82mm^2$. The power consumptions at the supply voltage of 2.5V were 245mW and 150mW for high-speed and full-speed operations, respectively.